While learning the science lessons，I used to get a doubt—why ear，nose，tongue and eyes should be called as special senses？The basic reason is that these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings.Though apparently it may feel like these are individual sensory organs，they do show some connectivity.Interestingly，our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food.Isn’t it good for a sound nap after a stomach­full meal？That does not mean we go deaf after a meal，but the hearing pitch(強(qiáng)度) does change after a heavy meal.
We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue，but do you know that unless saliva(唾液) dissolves something，our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten.Taste is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds present on the tongue.Try_to_dry_off_your_tongue_and_mouth_with_a_tissue_paper_and_then_taste_something.
Women are much better smellers than men.They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly pinpoint the exact fragrance of the sample.We all can store almost 50,000 different scents(氣味)，which are strongly tied to the memories.
Pupils(瞳孔) do not respond to light alone，but to the slightest bit of noise around too.Thus surgeons，watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much delicate job do prefer to have a sound­free environment.Even a small noise can dilate(擴(kuò)大) their pupils，change the focus and blur(使模糊) their vision.If you do not wear glasses or contact lens due to having a 6/6 vision，you are just among the one third of the human population.It is now statistically proved that only one third of the population has perfect vision，rest all are either wearing glasses or are trying to read with a compromised vision.
Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell，which is unique to us，except for the identical twins.This smell is very subtle(微妙的) yet can be sensed even by a newborn.It may be due to this scent that the newborn recognizes the presence of his parents around.Many of us can pinpoint the smell of our significant friends and colleagues.A significant part of this phenomenon is guided by genetics but it is also modified by the environment，diet and personal hygiene.This all together creates the unique chemistry that is individualistic for each person.
小題1:We can learn from Paragraph 1 that ________.
A．a(chǎn)fter a full meal our hearing is as good as before
B．a(chǎn)ll sensory organs are connected and can be exchanged
C．sensory organs’ functions can never be changed for their particular character
D．we feel and learn about the world around us through our eyes，ears，nose and tongue
小題2:What is the text mainly about?
A．The functions of sensory organs.
B．The connectivity of sensory organs.
C．A newborn’s senses of the sensory organs.
D．The differences of senses between women and men.
小題3:What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A．Our tongues can’t be dried while eating something.
B．If your tongue is dried without any saliva on it，it will not work.
C．A tissue paper is the only thing that can be used to dry our tongues.
D．If your tongue is dried with a tissue paper，it may work as well as before.

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:A

小題1:　D
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一、二句可知，我們通過感官和外界保持聯(lián)系，故D項(xiàng)符合。由第一段倒數(shù)第三句“Interestingly，our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food.”可知A、C兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)后半句未提及。
小題2:B
解析　句意理解題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，舌頭必須在唾液的配合下才能分辨味道，如果用紙把舌頭擦干，舌頭的味覺功能就會(huì)喪失。
小題3:A
解析　主旨大意題。本文主要說明了感覺器官的各種功能，故答案為A項(xiàng)。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You will go to college some day and college is one of the most exciting stages of one’s life.If you wish to make the most of your campus(校園) experience and become a better person after those four years，then first you ought to make friends.Close friends contribute to your self­growth for they provide you with moral support that is so important to survive the stressful college life.Friends can lend a helping hand when necessary like collecting your homework when you’re too sick to leave your dorm，and help you develop the right attitude by pointing out to you your weaknesses.
Being home most of your life and then suddenly finding yourself on your own in a large campus without your parents to hold your hand can be annoying.However，rather than thinking about your missing home too much，why not see this new stage in your life as an opportunity for self­growth and develop the right attitude that will prepare you for the rigors of post­graduation life，particularly when you join the workforce?
Special­interest clubs or organizations are great for self­growth.Here，not only do you get the opportunity to meet with like­minded people，you can also discover more things about your field of interest.Club meetings usually include lively discussions，so go there with the right attitude.You should try to build a good name in the organization by being respectful，active and considerate to others.
You might not like all of your professors，but they are there to provide knowledge you need to be successful in your chosen field.Thus，show up for each class with the right attitude and determination to learn.Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self­growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.
Actively participating in a class debate(辯論) or lecture contributes to your self­growth as it helps you build confidence in speaking up and improves your communication skills.It also helps you develop the right attitude by exercising diplomacy(外交術(shù)) when you choose your words carefully especially when discussing a very politically sensitive issue and exercising patience when dealing with classmates who shoot down your ideas.
小題1:In the writer’s opinion，how can college students develop a positive attitude?
A．By joining special­interest clubs.
B．By focusing on their studies.
C．By taking up part­time jobs.
D．By making friends with others.
小題2:According to the text，college students should do many things EXCEPT ________.
A．forget the family
B．be respectful at club meetings
C．try to attend each class
D．take an active part in a class debate
小題3:We can learn from the text that ________.
A．college life is very interesting
B．friendship can help college students avoid stress
C．students should choose words carefully at any occasion
D．it is important to have a good teacher­student relationship
小題4:The purpose of the text is to ________.
A．introduce how to show yourself in college
B．tell college students how to socialize with others
C．give college students some advice on self­growth
D．explain the importance of four­year college life

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

One of the most popular activities enjoyed by Americans is spending time in forests and walking along paths through the country.This activity，called hiking，has led to the creation of paths throughout the United States.
One of the longest is the Appalachian National Scenic Trail.The trail is the first completed part of the National Trails System.The trails system was established by Congress and the president in 1968.The Appalachian Trail is more  than 3,400 kilometers long.It starts in the northeastern state of Maine and ends in the southeastern state of Georgia.The trail goes through 14 states.They are Maine，New Hampshire，Vermont，Massachusetts，Connecticut，New York，New Jersey，Pennsylvania，Maryland，West Virginia，Virginia，Tennessee，North Carolina，and Georgia.
The path takes walkers through the Appalachian Mountains.They extend from the Canadian province of Quebec to the southern American state of Alabama.
The Appalachian Mountains are among the oldest on Earth.They first began forming about one thousand million years ago.During the millions of years since then，the mountains were changed and reformed by the forces of water and wind.Ice also changed the mountains，making many of them smaller and digging valleys and lakes among them.Many different kinds of trees grow along the trail.And many different kinds of animals live in the forests along the trail.
Lands along the trail are protected by the federal government and by state governments.Some parts are not protected by the government directly.Instead，they are protected by legal agreements with private owners willing to permit people to walk across their property.
Walkers on the Appalachian Trail pass through some of the great valley systems of the mountains.They can look down into these beautiful valleys and see farms and forests stretching across the land for many kilometers.Farmland in the valleys is rich and productive.And some of the great events in American history took place in the valleys.For example，one of the great battles of the American Civil War was fought in the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia.
小題1:The Appalachian Trail________.
A．is more than four thousand three hundred kilometers long
B．starts in the northern state of Maine
C．goes through more than fourteen states
D．ends in the southeastern state of Georgia
小題2:The Appalachian Mountains________.
A．a(chǎn)re the first completed part of the National Trails System
B．began forming one million years ago
C．were changed by natural forces like water，wind and ice
D．were around by valleys and rivers and famous for its scenery
小題3:The lands along the trail________.
A．a(chǎn)re protected entirely by either the federal government or state governments
B．a(chǎn)re mainly protected by legal agreements with private owners
C．can be visited by travelers freely only under the permission of owners
D．a(chǎn)re protected by both the federal government and state governments
小題4:What is mainly described in the last paragraph?
A．The Appalachian Mountains have some great valley systems.
B．Farms and grasslands stretch across the valleys for many kilometers.
C．One of the American independence battles was fought in the Shenandoah Valley.
D．Lakes in the Appalachian Mountains are one of the most beautiful sights.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The Allendale Cultural Center has expanded its arts program to include classes for young adults.Director Leah Martin announced Monday that beginning in September，three new classes will be offered to the Allendale community.The course titles will be Yoga(瑜伽) for Teenagers；Hip Hop Dance：Learning the Latest Moves；and Creative_Journaling_for_Teens：Discovering_the_Writer_Within.The latter course will not be held at the Allendale Cultural Center but instead will meet at the Allendale Public Library.
Staff member Tricia Cousins will teach the yoga and hip hop classes.Ms.Cousins is a skilled choreographer (舞蹈指導(dǎo)) as well as an experienced dance educator.She is a Master of Arts in dance education from Teachers College，Columbia University.The journaling class will be taught by Betsy Milford.Ms.Milford is the head librarian at the Allendale Public Library as well as a columnist(專欄作家) for the professional journal Library Focus.
The courses are part of the Allendale Cultural Center’s Project Teen，which was organized by Leah Martin，Director of the Cultural Center.According to Martin，this project is a direct result of her efforts to make the center a more necessary part of the Allendale community.Over the last several years，the number of people who have visited the cultural center for classes or events has steadily declined.Project Teen is primarily funded by the McGee Arts Foundation，an organization devoted to bringing arts programs to young adults.The other members of Project Teen are two students at Allendale’s Brookdale High School and three adults with backgrounds in education and the arts.
The creative journaling class will be cosponsored by Brookdale High School，and students who complete the class will be given the opportunity to publish one of their journal works in Pulse，Brookdale’s student literary magazine.Students who complete the hip hop class will be qualified to participate in the Allendale Review，an annual concert sponsored by the cultural center that features local actors，musicians，and dancers.
All classes are scheduled to begin immediately after school，and transportation will be available from Brookdale High School to the Allendale Cultural Center and the Allendale Public Library.For more information about Project Teen，contact the cultural center’s programming office at 988­0099 or drop by the office after June 1 to pick up a fall course catalog.The office is located on the third floor of the Allendale Town Hall.
小題1:The underlined title of the course in Paragraph 1 implies that ________.
A．teenagers do not have enough hobbies
B．a(chǎn)ll young people should write in a journal daily
C．teenagers are in need of guidance and direction
D．writing in a journal can help teenagers become creative writers
小題2:What is the cause of setting up Project Teen?
A．More and more people are coming to the center.
B．Tricia Cousins is available to teach courses in the fall.
C．Community organizations were ignoring local teenagers.
D．Leah Martin wants to make the center more important for the community.
小題3:What does the text mainly tell us?
A．The needs of young adults in Allendale.
B．Leah Martin’s personal ideas about Project Teen.
C．The center adds three new classes for young adults.
D．The center is granted by the McGee Arts Foundation.
小題4:Which of the following ways is the text organized?
A．In order of space，from the near to the far.
B．In order of time，from the past to the future.
C．The most important information first，followed by background and details.
D．The background first，followed by the most important information and details.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Last Thursday, I had the pleasure of visiting with Deputy Superintendent Pedro Martinez, Principal Neddy Alvarez and her staff at Western High School, located in the Clark County School District, in Las Vegas. The school undertook a comprehensive effort to completely transform the culture of the school and added a motivated group of talented teachers. Western altered（改變） the school day to add opportunities for students to get additional credits toward graduation and created smaller learning groups. As part of these comprehensive changes, the school’s leadership also focused on four main reforms to transform their school.
First, improvements started with the change in the relationship between the school and students to create a caring atmosphere at the school. Using the “Capturing Kids’ Hearts” strategies, school leadership and teachers began building a trusting environment and students and families described seeing changes aimed at improving student outcomes and ensuring the success of every student. The school day was altered to add more options for students to obtain additional credits toward graduation. Students and teachers were grouped into “houses,” so that smaller groups of teachers and counselors(輔導(dǎo)員)could create one-on-one relationships with students. Teachers and counselors said that the altered school day provides time to address student’s individual concerns and develop individualized learning plans to put every student on a path to graduation.
The school also made changes to encourage parents to support school and encourage real dialogues between parents and the teachers and leaders at Western. Funded in part through the United Way, the school created a family engagement center to get parents more involved in their children’s education, particularly parents of English language learners. Parents like Ally Gaona and Martha Mendez told me that they had a voice and the tools to engage in their children’s learning and that they recognize that the main responsibility for their children’s learning must rest with the parents. Parents were passionate about these positive changes and said that these changes signaled to the entire the community that the school was serious about family engagement.
小題1:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To attract people to the school.
B．To talk about the school reforms.
C．To introduce the school
D．To introduce the relationship between the school and students.
小題2:How many main reforms are mentioned in the passage?
A．TwoB．ThreeC． FourD．Five
小題3: Students and teachers were grouped into “houses in order to ___.
A．provide time to address student’s individual concerns.
B．a(chǎn)dd more options for students to obtain additional credits toward graduation..
C．create one-on-one relationships with students.
D．develop individualized learning plans to put every student on a path to graduation.
小題4:Which statement is the right according to the passage?
A．Parents didn’t support the reforms.
B．The reforms intended to improve student outcomes and ensure the success of every student.
C．The school asked parents to donate their money.
D．the school was not serious about family engagement.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

  Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.
Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’
“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”
Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.
Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.
Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.
Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.
As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.
小題1:The author states that many educators feel that
[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.
the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.
[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.
[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.
小題2:Research has shown that
[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.
the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.
[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.
[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
小題3:Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.
[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.
is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.
[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.
[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.
小題4:After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that
[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.
a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.
[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.
[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.
小題5:It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in
[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.
academic requirement too high.
[C] salary for dropouts too high.
[D] 1000 positions.
Vocabulary
dropout          輟學(xué)者，中途退學(xué)
well-rounded       全面的
attrition          縮/減員，磨損
drain          枯竭
bracket          一類人，（尤指按收入分類的）階層
lagging behind other fields    落后于其它領(lǐng)域
glum          陰郁的

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Going Green
For career（職業(yè)） changers thinking about growth and advancement potential, forget the blue-collar and white-collar categories: Green is the way to go. According to Bracken Hendricks, a senior fellow at the Center for Global Progress, careers that promote environmental responsibility will become main stream within a decade. “The growth in green careers will be like the Internet boom, which not only created new jobs, but also had an influence on the overall economy（經(jīng)濟(jì)）,” he says.
The increasing environmental problems and need for eco-friendly products and services are creating a new job section of green-collar jobs. Many countries of the world have realized the importance and need for energy-saving products and services. It is expected that by 2025 about 25% of the jobs in developed countries will be of green-collar jobs. Doesn’t the data look promising for the future?
Green-collar jobs have become a bright career chances for all. And jobs will pop up at every income level, from environmental manager to gardener. For example, many countries including the United States have understood that fossil fuels have negative effect on the environment which can later become a serious danger to mankind. As a result, possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to satisfy demands in a better way. The increasing demand of newer resources（資源） has creating the need for experts and researchers who can find better ways to deal with the ongoing needs. In addition, in order to meet the increasing demands of environment-friendly equipment, both green product designer and educated and trained workers are needed. Management of environmental organizations also demands a large number of environmental managers. 
Where can you find green-collar jobs? Internet is undoubtedly the best way to find information on almost any matter. Nowadays, different kinds of jobs are being posted online. Search through a couple of job websites to look for a bright future in energy conversion and recycling of waste management. Check regularly and find the right work for yourself. People who read newspapers can also find different kinds of green-collar jobs.
小題1:Why does Bracken Hendricks mention the Internet Boom in Paragraph One?
A．To explain the importance of technology.
B．To provide evidence of his recent research.
C．To indicate the bright future of green careers.
D．To inform us of the way of finding green-collar jobs.
小題2:Which of the following probably creates green-collar jobs?
A．Promoting services.
B．Training employees.
C．Consuming fossil fuels.
D．Developing new resources.
小題3:What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?
A．The requirements for green employees.
B．The development of the green industry.
C．The economic influence of green careers.
D．The job chances in the environmental industry.
小題4:The passage is written to _______.
A．discuss eco-friendly services
B．introduce promising career chances
C．suggest ways of saving energy at work
D．explain the best method of finding jobs

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In my long years of teaching, I often ask my student to read the texts until they can recite（背誦） them, and I tell them that recitation is an important part of their homework. However, some of my students are tired of doing so, thinking that it is both hard and useless. They argue that it takes a long time to recite a text from memory and text itself never appears in a test paper.
In my opinion, it naturally takes time to recite a text, but it is worth doing so. When you are able to recite a text, you are sure to be familiar with the words and expressions. When you need them in reading or writing or doing exercises, they will come to your mind quickly, and so you will give quick response to all kinds of language situation. How can we say that it is useless?
Besides, many students complain that they soon forget what they were once able to recite. This is true, but you don’t need to worry. While you are reading and forgetting the texts, your language level is being raised. Sure you don’t remember your Chinese texts that you once read in the primary school, but now you are able to read novels and newspaper. So, recitation of the texts will help you improve your language ability.
小題1:What do the students think about the teacher’s advice? _______.
A．The English teacher tries his best to help them with English.
B．The English teacher is very kind to them.
C．The English teacher asks them to do something useless.
D．The English teacher should let them study on their own.
小題2:When the students are against his suggestion, the writer_______.
A．often criticizes them
B．patiently explains to them why they should recite the texts
C．wants to give up his idea
D．is afraid that he is criticized by the headmaster.
小題3:Why does the writer suggest that the students recite the text?_____.
A．Reciting the texts can improve the ability of applying English.
B．Reciting the texts is the best way of learning English.
C．The students should remember all the texts that the teacher has taught them.
D．Reciting the texts can greatly improve the classroom teaching.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution has just published a report on new materials and has looked at the case of nanotechnology（納米技術(shù)）, which describes the science of the very small. Nanotechnology covers those man-made materials or objects that are about a thousand times smaller than the microtechnology（微電子技術(shù)）we use, such as the silicon chips of computers.
Nanotechnology gets its name from the nanometer, which is a billionth of a meter. There are about 600 consumer products already on the market that use nanotechnology. Nanomedicine is also being developed to fight cancer and other fatal diseases.
The Royal Commission found no evidence of harm to health or the environment from nanomaterials, but this “absence of evidence” is not being taken as “evidence of absence”. In other words, just because there are no apparent problems, this is not to say that here is no risk now or in the future. The commission is concerned about the pace at which we are inventing and adopting new nanomaterials, which could result in future problems that we are ill-equipped to understand or even find with current testing methods.
One of the problems about nanotechnology is that when we make something very small out of a well known material, we may actually change the functionality of that material even if the chemical composition remains the same. Indeed, it is not the particle（顆粒）size that should concern us, but its functionality. Take gold, for example, which is a famously inert (惰性) substance, and valuable because of it. It doesn’t rust or corrode because it doesn’t interact with water or oxygen. However, a particle of gold that is between 2 and 5 nanometers in diameter becomes highly reactive. This is not due to a change in chemical composition, but because of a change in the physical size of the gold particles. How can a change in size result in a change of function? One reason is to do with surface area. Nanoparticles have relatively a much bigger surface area. It is like comparing the surface area of a basketball with the total surface area of many pea-sized balls with the same weight of the single basketball. The pea-sized balls have a surface area many hundreds, indeed thousands of times bigger than the basketball, and this allows them to interact more easily with the environment. It is this increased interactivity that changes their functionality—and makes them potentially more dangerous to health or the environment.
小題1:Why does the writer mention microtechnology in the first paragraph?
A．to introduce the topic of nanotechnology
B．to help us better understand nanotechnology
C．to help us know more about microtechnology
D．to compare microtechnology with nanotechnology
小題2:The example of the “gold” in the last paragraph is intended to show that_________.
A．gold is valuable because it is an inert substance
B．a(chǎn)n inert substance like gold doesn’t interact with water or oxygen
C．the function of gold is steady because it is an inert substance
D．the function of gold changes when made into something very small
小題3:Which process explains that there might be risks in nanotechnology?
A．expand surface area →increase interactivity → change functionality→cause possible dangers
B．expand surface area → change functionality → increase interactivity →cause possible dangers
C．increase interactivity → expand surface area → change functionality→cause possible dangers
D．increase interactivity → change functionality → expand surface area→cause possible dangers
小題4:What does the passage mainly focus on?
A．the introduction of nanotechnology and its wide use
B．the present use of nanotechnology and its future
C．the potential danger nanotechnology may bring us
D．the proposal to stop nanotechnology due to the potential danger

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