【題目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Today, the events 【1】 in realistic-looking or-sounding video and audio recordings need never have happened. They can instead be 【2】 automatically, by powerful computers and machine-learning software. The catch-all term for these computational productions is “deepfakes”.

The term first appeared on Reddit, a messaging board, as the username for an account which was producing 【3】 videos. An entire community 【4】 up around the creation of these videos, writing software tools that let anyone automatically 【5】 one person’s face onto the body of another. Reddit shut the community down, but the technology was out there. Soon it was being applied to political 【6】 and actors.

Tools for editing media 【7】 have existed for decades—think Photoshop. The power and peril of deepfakes is that they make fakery cheaper than ever before. Before deepfakes, a powerful computer and a good chunk of a university degree were needed to produce a realistic fake video of someone. Now some photos and an Internet connection are all that is required.

The consequences of cheap, widespread fakery are likely to be 【8】, albeit slow to unfold. Plenty worry about the possible impact that believable, fake footage of politicians might have on civil society—from a further loss of trust in media to the 【9】 for electoral distortions. These technologies could also be deployed against softer targets: it might be used, for instance, to bully classmates by creating imagery of them in embarrassing situations. In a world that was already saturated with 【10】 imagery, deepfakes make it plausible to push that even further.

【答案】

【1】G

【2】J

【3】D

【4】F

【5】H

【6】C

【7】E

【8】K

【9】B

【10】I

【解析】

這一篇說明文。今天，那些看起來真實、聽起來真實的視頻和音頻記錄所記錄的事件根本不需要發(fā)生。它們可以由強大的計算機和機器學(xué)習(xí)軟件自動生成。這些計算結(jié)果的通稱是“深度偽造”。文章介紹了“深度偽造”這一現(xiàn)象及可能產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響。

【1】考查動詞。句意：今天，那些看起來真實、聽起來真實的視頻和音頻記錄所記錄的事件根本不需要發(fā)生。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指視頻和音頻錄制的事件。G. captured“拍攝，錄制”。故G選項正確。

【2】考查動詞。句意：它們可以由強大的計算機和機器學(xué)習(xí)軟件自動生成。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指自動生成。J. generated“使形成；發(fā)生”。故J選項正確。

【3】考查形容詞。句意：這個詞最早出現(xiàn)在社交新聞網(wǎng)站Reddit上，是一個制作假視頻的賬戶的用戶名。根據(jù)上文The catch-all term for these computational productions is “deepfakes”.可知，此處指假視頻。D. fake“假的”。故D選項正確。

【4】考查動詞。句意：整個社區(qū)都圍繞著這些視頻的創(chuàng)作而興起。spring up“出現(xiàn)，涌現(xiàn)”，sprang是spring的過去式。F. sprang“涌出；躍出”。故F選項正確。

【5】考查動詞。句意：他們編寫軟件工具，讓任何人都可以自動地將一個人的臉粘貼到另一個人的身上。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指用軟件工具將一個人的臉粘貼到另一個人的身上。H. paste“粘貼”。故H選項正確。

【6】考查名詞。句意：很快，它就被應(yīng)用到政治人物和演員身上。根據(jù)空前political及空后and actors可知，此處指政治人物。C. figures“人物”。故C選項正確。

【7】考查副詞。句意：手工編輯媒體的工具已經(jīng)存在了幾十年，比如Photoshop。列舉Photoshop這一款編輯數(shù)字照片或圖像的軟件工具，由此可知，此處指手工編輯媒體的工具，設(shè)空處修飾editing，使用副詞形式。E. manually“手動地；用手”。故E選項正確。

【8】考查形容詞。句意：廉價、普遍的造假行為的后果可能是深遠(yuǎn)的，盡管要慢慢顯現(xiàn)出來。根據(jù)下文Plenty worry about the possible impact可知，此處指廉價、普遍的造假行為的后果可能是深遠(yuǎn)的。K. profound“深厚的；意義深遠(yuǎn)的”。故K選項正確。

【9】考查名詞。句意：許多人擔(dān)心政客的虛假鏡頭可能會對公民社會產(chǎn)生影響——從對媒體的信任進(jìn)一步喪失到選舉扭曲的可能性。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指選舉扭曲的可能性。B. potential“潛能，可能性”。故B選項正確。

【10】考查形容詞。句意：在一個已經(jīng)充斥著極端畫面的世界里，深度造假似乎更有可能推動這一趨勢。根據(jù)上文These technologies could also be deployed against softer targets: it might be used, for instance, to bully classmates by creating imagery of them in embarrassing situations.可知，此處指極端畫面。I. extreme“極端的”。故I選項正確。

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