Health experts are calling for action to increase cancer care and control in the developing world. A medical research paper says cancer was once thought of as a problem mostly in the developed world. But now cancer is a leading cause of death and disability in poor countries as well. Experts from Harvard University and other organizations urge the international community to fight cancer actively, saying it should be fought in the way HIV/AIDS has been fought in Africa.
Cancer kills more than 7.5 million people a year worldwide. Almost two-thirds are in low-income and middle-income countries.
They discover cancer kills more people in developing countries than AIDS, tuberculosis (肺結(jié)核) and malaria (瘧疾) combined. But the world spends only 5% of its cancer resources in those countries.
Felicia Knaul from Harvard Medical School was one of the writers of the paper. She was in Mexico when she was found to have breast cancer. She received treatment there and her experience showed her the sharp difference between the rich and the poor in treating breast cancer.
Felicia Knaul says, “And we are seeing how this is attacking young women. It’s the number two cause of death in Mexico for women thirty to fifty-four. All over the developing world, it’s the number one cancer-related death among young women. I think we have to again say that there is much more we could do about it than we are doing about it.”
Professor Knalul met community health workers during her work in developing countries. They were an important part of efforts to reduce deaths from the cancer. They were able to persuade people to get tested to prevent the illness. The experts say cancer care does not have to be costly. For example, patients can be treated with lower-cost drugs.
【小題1】What would be the best title for the passage?
| A．Cancer – a leading cause of death in poor countries |
| B．What should we do in preventing and treating cancer? |
| C．What makes the first killer in developing countries? |
| D．Experts urge more efforts to fight cancer. |
| A．many Mexican women suffer from breast cancer |
| B．there is not enough medicine for cancer there |
| C．many Mexican women can’t afford medical care |
| D．patients with breast cancer are treated differently |
| A．breast cancer is a great threat to young women |
| B．people don’t pay enough attention to breast cancer |
| C．breast cancer is the second killer among women in Mexico |
| D．patients can be treated effectively in developing countries |
| A．The cancer patients. | B．The health experts. |
| C．Community health workers. | D．Young women. |
| A．The number of cancer cases is decreasing. |
| B．HIV/AIDS is not being taken seriously in Africa. |
| C．Over 7.5 million people die of cancer every year. |
| D．It is very expensive to treat cancer. |
【小題1】D
【小題2】D
【小題3】A
【小題4】C
【小題5】C
解析試題分析：發(fā)展中國(guó)家的健康專家們正在號(hào)召國(guó)際社會(huì)增加對(duì)癌癥護(hù)理和控制。癌癥已經(jīng)蔓延到發(fā)展中國(guó)家，并威脅著許多年輕人的生命。全世界每年死于癌癥的人數(shù)超過(guò)了七百五十萬(wàn)。
【小題1】根據(jù)第一段和“Experts from Harvard University and other organizations urge the international community to fight cancer actively, saying it should be fought in the way HIV/AIDS has been fought in Africa.”可知，癌癥也成了發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人們死亡的主因，專家呼吁國(guó)際社會(huì)采取積極措施來(lái)與癌癥抗?fàn)帯９蔬xD。
【小題2】根據(jù)第四段“She received treatment there and her experience showed her the sharp difference between the rich and the poor in treating breast cancer.”可知，針對(duì)富有的和貧窮的乳腺癌患者，治療的方法有著很大的不同，故選D。
【小題3】根據(jù)第五段“And we are seeing how this is attacking young women. It’s the number two cause of death in Mexico for women thirty to fifty-four. All over the developing world, it’s the number one cancer-related death among young women.”可知，乳腺癌是發(fā)展中國(guó)家年輕女性的第一殺手，極大地威脅著年輕女性的生命，故選A。
【小題4】根據(jù)最后一段“Professor Knalul met community health workers during her work in developing countries. They were an important part of efforts to reduce deaths from the cancer.”可知，they指代的是community health workers，他們?cè)跍p少癌癥死亡率方面發(fā)揮重要作用，故選C。
【小題5】根據(jù)第二段“Cancer kills more than 7.5 million people a year worldwide.”可知，在全世界范圍內(nèi)，癌癥每年殺死七百五十萬(wàn)人，故選C。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
October 15th is Global Handwashing Day．Activities are planned in more than twenty countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap．
Experts say people around the world wash their hands but very few use soap at so-called critical moments．These include after using the toilet, after cleaning a baby and before touching food．
Global Handwashing Day is the idea of the Public-private Partnership for handwashing with soap．The goal, they say, is to create a culture of handwashing with soap．The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease-causing germs．They say the correct way to wash is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap．Rub it into all areas, including under the fingernails．Then, wash well under running water．Finally, dry your hands with a clean cloth．
The Partnership says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend washing．Soap also helps to break up the dirt that holds most of the germs．And it usually leaves a pleasant smell, which increases the chances that people will wash again．
It also says that washing hands with soap before eating and after using the toilet could save more lives than any medicine．It could help reduce cases of diarrhea, which is the second leading cause of child deaths, killing more than one and a half million children a year, by almost half．
【小題1】What does the author intend to tell us in the passage?
| A．To keep healthy by washing hands． | B．To wash hands with soap． |
| C．To take action to wash hands． | D．To wash hands often． |
| A．a(chǎn)--c--b--e--d | B．e--d--a--b—c |
| C．a(chǎn)--c--b--d--e | D．e--b--d--a--c |
| A．It gives people a longer handwashing time． |
| B．It helps to remove a lot of germs from hands． |
| C．It attracts people to do more handwashing． |
| D．It gets all people into the habit of washing hands． |
| A．kills half of the kids in the developing countries a year |
| B．causes the greatest number of child deaths |
| C．can be prevented to some degree by washing hands with soap |
| D．can’t be cured without washing hands |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Studies show that children who eat breakfast do better in school. It doesn’t take much further thought to know that adults will feel better and do better at work as well. Whether you work at home, on the farm, at the office, at school, or on the road, it is not a good idea to have no breakfast.
If we have no breakfast, we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run low on fuel (食物). By mid-morning, a lot of us grab a cup of coffee or eat a sugary candy bar to wake up again. This might work for a few minutes, but by lunch time we are hungry. Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day.
Having no breakfast is a popular way to lose weight, but not a smart one. Many people believe that they will lose weight if they have no meals, but that just isn’t true; the body expects to be refueled a few times a day, starting with a healthy breakfast. Eating breakfast is good for losing weight. In fact, people who eat breakfast are more likely to keep a healthy weight.
A healthy breakfast should have some protein (蛋白質(zhì)) and some fiber (纖維). Protein can come from low fat meats, eggs, or beans. Fiber can be found in whole grains, vegetables and fruits. A good example of a healthy breakfast might be something simple like a hard boiled egg, an orange, and a bowl of whole grain cereal with low fat milk. Stay away from sugary foods and white bread because they are digested (消化) quickly and will leave you hungry and tired in several hours. Protein and fiber will keep you feeling full until lunch time.
【小題1】The first paragraph mainly tells us that ______.
| A．it is necessary to have a good breakfast every day |
| B．many adults are too busy to have breakfast every day |
| C．many adults go to work without having breakfast |
| D．many children go to school without breakfast |
| A．we need to have a cup of coffee | B．we don’t have a good breakfast |
| C．our brains don’t work any longer | D．we don’t have enough sleep at night |
| A．Having a good breakfast can help you to finish your work. |
| B．Eating a good breakfast is enough for the whole day. |
| C．Breakfast is really the most important meal in a day. |
| D．You will be happier if you have a good breakfast. |
| A．it is healthy only to have beans and eggs for your breakfast |
| B．you mustn’t have meat for your breakfast |
| C．you should eat sugary foods if you feel hungry |
| D．you should eat something which has protein and fiber for breakfast |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Will it matter if you don't take your breakfast? Recently a test was given in the United States. Those tested included people of different ages, from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect than if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person works with his brains. If a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class.
Opposite to what many people believe, if you don't eat breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch, and end up gaining weight instead of losing. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.
【小題1】During the test, those who were tested were given ________.
| A．no breakfast at all | B．very rich breakfast |
| C．little food for breakfast | D．different breakfast or none |
| A．he will fall ill |
| B．he will fail to listen to his teacher |
| C．he will not make progress in his studies |
| D．his mind will work more slowly |
| A．breakfast has great effect on work and studies |
| B．breakfast has little to do with a person’s work |
| C．a(chǎn) person will work better if he has a simple breakfast |
| D．those working with brains should have much for breakfast |
| A．Poor breakfasts affect those who work with brains. |
| B．Morning diet may cause one to get fatter. |
| C．Reducing lunch and supper is of less value in weight losing. |
| D．Eating less in lunch and supper may help to lose weight. |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
The research tracked the health of 101,000 US nurses over three decades.
Light-to-moderate smokers were twice as likely to die of sudden heart problems as those who had never smoked.
But those who quit smoking saw their risk begin to go back down within years, a journal of the American Heart Association reports.
_________
During the study, there were 315 sudden cardiac deaths（心臟性猝死）——where the heart unexpectedly stops working.
In people aged 35 or younger, this usually because of a heart condition that runs in the family.
But in people who are older than this—as most of the nurses in the study were —it can be the first sign of coronary heart disease, where the heart’s arteries become blocked by fatty deposits.
Of the 315 sudden deaths in the study, 75 were among current smokers, 148 were among recent or past smokers and 128 occurred in people who had never smoked.
Reason to quit
After taking into account other heart risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and family history of heart disease, Dr Roopinder Sandhu and his colleagues found the women who smoked were twice as likely as likely to die suddenly even if they smoked “l(fā)ight-to-moderate” amounts —between one and 14 cigarettes a day.
For every five years of continued smoking, the risk went up by 8%.
But women who quit saw their risk fall to that of someone who had never smoked, after 20 years of cessation.
Dr Sandhu, of the University of Alberta, Canad, said: “What this study really tells women is how important it is to stop smoking. The benefits in terms of sudden cardiac death reduction are there for all women, not just those with established heart disease.”
“It can be difficult to quit. It needs to be a long-term goal. It’s not always easily achievable and it may take more than one attempt.”
Ellen Mason, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: “This study shows that smoking just a couple of cigarettes a day could still seriously affect your future health.”
“As we approach the new year, many of us will be making resolutions and giving up smoking will be the top of the list for lots of people.”
“If you’re thinking of quitting and need a nudge, this research adds to the wealth of evidence that stopping smoking is the single best thing you can do for your heart health.”
A recent study in The Lancet of 1.2million Women found those who gave up smoking by the age of 30 would almost completely avoid the risk of dying early from tobacco-related diseases.
Latest figures suggest a fifth of women in England smoke.
【小題1】According to the research, light smokers____________.
| A．a(chǎn)re not likely to suffer from heart problems |
| B．a(chǎn)re more likely to suffer from heart problems than moderate ones |
| C．can go on smoking only if they don’t smoke much |
| D．have a high possibility of dying of heart disease |
| A．Nonsmokers wouldn’t die of sudden cardiac death |
| B．Most of the nurses concerned in the research were middle aged. |
| C．All age groups of people were involved in the research. |
| D．If the smokers had quit smoking, they wouldn’t have died of heart disease. |
| A．Raised risk | B．Ways of quitting smoking |
| C．Diseases related to smoking | D．Signs of heart disease |
| A．push | B．confidence | C．study | D．comparison |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
About a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday.
Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers.
“Even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser.
WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases.
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(發(fā)病率) is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer.
Rachel Thompson, the WCRF’s head of science, said that while the message was simple — that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers — it was still a difficult one to get across.
The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.
Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don’t smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand.
“There isn’t a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.
【小題1】Which of the following words can best take the place of the phrase “ward off” in the sixth paragraph?
| A．protect | B．prevent | C．develop | D．cure。 |
| A．Exercising and eating healthily can help to reduce cancer risk. |
| B．Each year about 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer around the world. |
| C．Every year millions of people die from smoking and lung cancers. |
| D．Adults should walk for fifty minutes three times per week. |
| A．Simple life changes could stop millions of cancers |
| B．Cancer is a leading cause of death |
| C．Our bad lifestyle caused many diseases |
| D．The incidence of common cancers is rising |
| A．a(chǎn)dvise people to develop healthier lifestyle. |
| B．warn people of the danger of cancers |
| C．explain why many people die from cancers every year. |
| D．introduce the ways to protect people from developing cancers |
| A．a(chǎn)ll the lung cancers are linked to smoking |
| B．there is no medicine to cure the cancers but it’s our duty to find one |
| C．a(chǎn)ll governments should take measures to control smokers and protect people’s health |
| D．it’s our opportunity and duty to persuade people to give up smoking |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic(寄生蟲引起的) disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.
Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect. They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth—and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.
For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
【小題1】According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because___.
| A．they can remain unaffected for long |
| B．it is unusual to seek care |
| C．they are too poor |
| D．there are too many people suffering from the disease |
| A．have to kill female mosquitoes |
| B．have ability to defend parasites |
| C．have their red blood cells infected |
| D．have sudden fever, followed by chills |
| A．Its outbreaks in cities with large populations. |
| B．Its ability to pass on the virus frequently. |
| C．Its resistance to global warming. |
| D．Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs. |
| A．no drugs have been found to treat the disease |
| B．the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people |
| C．malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites |
| D．nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease |
| A．How can we know one is suffering from malaria? |
| B．How many people are killed by malaria each year? |
| C．Why are there so many people suffering from malaria? |
| D．What has been done to keep people unaffected for long? |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer, saying studies showed a clear link. “Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake (吸入，攝入), through diet or a vitamin supplement,” Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.
Garland's research team reviewed 63 studies, including several large long-term ones, on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. “There's nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer,” he said, urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify (增強(qiáng)) foods with vitamin D. Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health. Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses, usually at around 100 international units（IU）a serving. “People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day” Garland said, adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.
The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas, which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.
“African Americans, who don't produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour, could also benefit significantly from a higher intake,” the authors said.
【小題1】According to the passage, people are advised to take more Vitamin D, because__.
| A．it is nutritious | B．it can’t harm people’s health |
| C．it can lower cancer risk | D．it is not taken enough every day |
| A．Have some sunshine | B．Have more meat |
| C．Have more fortified cheese | D．Have a vitamin supplement |
| A．A health researcher | B．A doctor |
| C．A scientist | D．A public health official |
| A．Milk | B．Fortified orange juice |
| C．Fortified yogurt | D．All of the above |
| A．Asian people | B．African people |
| C．American people | D．European people |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
A car needs gas to run as your body needs food to work for you. Eating the right kinds of food is very important. A good eating habit can help your body grow strong if you take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all of these foods together, you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may be easier to eat fish and chips for your supper all the time. But you will find yourself tired and you will not be able to think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having good eating habits with some exercise is the key to your health.
【小題1】According to the passage, which of the following diets do you think is the best one?
| A．Eggs, tomatoes and chicken. | B．Milk, bread, cabbages and beef. |
| C．Corn, fish, ice cream and pork. | D．Rice, beancurd, fish and chicken. |
| A．every person needs food to grow well |
| B．taking exercise can keep your body strong |
| C．the right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy |
| D．enough energy helps people think more quickly |
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