We considered a list of the best American books. Here are five that may help accurately show the national character. Most from a century or so ago, they still entertain, teach, and inspire:
Moby-Dick by Herman Melville
First published in 1851, the adventure stories of Captain Ahab and his monomaniacal(偏執(zhí)的) pursuit of the white whale draw us into a universe full of fascinating characters and stories.
The Education of Henry Adams by Henry Adams
Published in 1918, the book was an autobiography. Born in one of America’s most famous political families, Adams provides insight into his family, including his experience as private secretary to his father, minister to England during the American Civil war.
Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman
When Whitman published Leaves of Grass in 1855, he wanted to accurately describe the American experience and reflect the great changes in the American literary world that had taken place during his lifetime.
Poems by Emily Dickinson
An enthusiastic poet whose works have had considerable influence on modern poetry, Dickson’s frequent use of dashes, occasional capitalization(大寫) of nouns, and unconventional metaphors(隱喻) have contributed to her reputation as one of the most inventive poets of the 19th century American literature. However, most of her poems were not published during her lifetime.
The Song of Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
First published in 1855, this is Longfellow’s most popular and most recognized poem, the heroic life and death of a magic American Indian, sent by the Great Spirit to guide the nations in the ways of peace.
【小題1】Walt Whitman wrote Leaves of Grass in order to _______.
| A．show his talent and heroic life to us |
| B．draw us into a fascinating universe |
| C．provide insight into his family |
| D．reflect the great changes in the American literary world |
| A．Moby-Dick | B．The Song of Hiawatha |
| C．Poems | D．Leaves of Grass |
| A．Because the five books are from a century or so ago, they can’t teach and inspire us. |
| B．Herman Melville was considered as one of the most inventive poets of the 19th century American literature. |
| C．The Education of Henry Adams is a non-fiction book. |
| D．Of the five books, Moby-Dick was published last. |
| A．To introduce several best \American books to readers . |
| B．To make an advertisement for a book store . |
| C．To tell stories of several famous writers . |
| D．To talk about some knowledge about literature. |
【小題1】D
【小題2】B
【小題3】C
【小題4】A
解析試題分析：在本文內(nèi)作者推薦了能夠展現(xiàn)美國民族性格的五本好書。盡管寫于一個多世紀(jì)前，但是這些書仍然具有教育意義，能夠給人以鼓舞。比如《亨利亞當(dāng)斯的教育》，這是作者美國史學(xué)家，亞當(dāng)斯的一部自傳，透過作者的講述，我們可以了解到當(dāng)時美國家庭的生活。
【小題1】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中he wanted to accurately describe the American experience and reflect the great changes in the American literary world可以判斷D選項正確。
【小題2】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文中this is Longfellow’s most popular and most recognized poem, the heroic life and death of a magic American Indian,可知B為正確選項。
【小題3】C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Published in 1918, the book was an autobiography.可知《亨利亞當(dāng)斯的教育》這本書是傳記，所以C項內(nèi)容正確。
【小題4】A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在文章開頭作者提出We considered a list of the best American books. Here are five that may help accurately show the national character.，由此可知作者寫本文的目的是向讀者介紹幾本好書。所以答案選A。
考點：考查教育類短文閱讀。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Brrriiinnng. The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning. You jump out of bed, rush into the shower, into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think. A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing. Once at the office, you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters. In that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problem-solving work?
The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible, open-minded thinking. Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when we’re unfocused. If you are one of those energetic morning people, your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed. Sleepy people’s lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving. By not giving yourself time to tune into your wandering mind, you’re missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer.
The trip you take to work doesn’t help, either. The stress slows down the speed with which signals travel between neurons (神經(jīng)細(xì)胞), making inspirations less likely to occur. And while we all should read a lot about what’s going on in the world, it would not make you feel good for sure, so put that news website or newspaper aside until after the day’s work is done.
So what would our mornings look like if we wanted to start them with a full capacity for creative problem solving? We’d set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, following our thoughts where they lead. We’d stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower, stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation. We’d take some deep breaths on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic. And once in the office—after we get a cup of coffee—we’d click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.
【小題1】According to the author, we are more creative when we are _______.
| A．focused |
| B．relaxed |
| C．a(chǎn)wake |
| D．busy |
| A．They are solution providers. |
| B．They are a source of inspiration. |
| C．They are normally full of bad news. |
| D．They are more educational than websites. |
| A．wander into the wild |
| B．listen to a beautiful tune |
| C．switch to the traffic channel |
| D．stop concentrating on anything |
| A．offer practical suggestions |
| B．summarize past experiences |
| C．a(chǎn)dvocate diverse ways of life |
| D．establish a routine for the future |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把……按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all，it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade！
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade pupils just according to their intellectual(智力的) ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively in order to have the ability to become leaders. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs；sometimes they work on individual tasks , and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is suitable. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work：it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
【小題1】We can know from the passage that the author’ s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is______.
| A．a(chǎn)pproving | B．disapproving | C．questioning | D．inactive |
| A．drawn to their studies | B．forced to study in the lower classes |
| C．made to remain in the same classes | D．prevented from advancing |
| A．Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities. |
| B．Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities |
| C．Group work gives pupils the chance to learn to work together with others. |
| D．Group work supply pupils with the chance to learn to be good organizers. |
| A．offer advice on the proper use of the library |
| B．recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities |
| C．a(chǎn)rgue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class |
| D．tell us the importance of proper formal classroom teaching |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Encouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong love of reading and can help your child get a head start in school. While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading skills, there are many techniques that can help.
Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional children's games can be adapted to encourage reading skills.
While reading or during play, tell your child, "I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter "b". Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example, “I see a barn.” This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds.Ｉspy with my little eye something that begins with the sound “s”. Help the child find a word that begins with the "s" sound.
In this variation on the popular game, instruct the child that, "Simon says, point to something that starts with the letter "n". The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds.
Make a game out of rhyming (押韻) words by making up silly words to rhyme with the child's name or favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another.
Tips to raise a successful reader:
Put books in places where the child plays. If books are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up.
Let children "read to you" by looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures.
Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctor's office or grocery store.
Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps build vocabulary.
【小題1】 Which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．A good reading habit can benefit your child at school. |
| B．Computer games help children develop reading skills. |
| C．You should be careful as for what books to read. |
| D．Children enjoy reading poems to their parents. |
| A．a(chǎn)vailable | B．beneficial | C．readable | D．worthwhile |
| A．The most important thing is to make reading funny. |
| B．Children have a preference for stories with pictures. |
| C．Rhyming games should begin only with real words. |
| D．Children tend to read more if books are at hand. |
| A．Interest is the best teacher |
| B．Practice makes perfect |
| C．Good methods are half done |
| D．Failure teaches success |
| A．Parents. | B．Adolescents. | C．Educators. | D．People in general. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Speaking in any language is all about imitating (模仿) other people. You want to be able to speak like native speakers do. Before you can form your own correct sentences, you first need to see lots of similar ones in the language you are learning.
When you speak in your native language, you don't have to think about the grammar or the words you use. Correct sentences just come to you. In fact, your brain uses sentences you've already seen or heard. If you want to speak a foreign language fluently, you have to learn it the way you learned your native language--- by massive(大量的) input.
Reading and listening will help you develop language intuition(直覺). It's all about putting lots of correct sentences in your head. Then your brain can imitate them, producing similar sentences to express the meaning you want. When you read and listen a lot, paying attention to useful vocabulary, you will soon start to use new words and phrases in your speaking and writing, and you will develop language intuition. You will start to feel what sounds good and what sounds bad --- just as you do in your native language.
It may seem like you need more time to learn a language by reading and listening, as opposed （相反的）to learning based on grammar rules. For example, to get a good feeling for the use of articles in English you need to read lots of sentences, analyzing them closely. Wouldn't it be easier to read a unit on articles in a grammar book? Well, the problem is that it takes lots of time to build a sentence when you have to think of grammar rules. When you talk to someone, you don't have time for that. The input-based approach may seem to be more demanding, but it's the only way to achieve fluency.
【小題1】According to the passage, if you want to speak a foreign language like a native speaker, you must_________.
| A．learn grammar very well |
| B．input many sentences in your head |
| C．read many books in the foreign language |
| D．write many compositions |
| A．Ability to understand a foreign language |
| B．Ability to use a foreign language without thinking about it |
| C．Ability to speak a foreign language |
| D．Ability to imitate a native speaker |
| A．Listening and Reading |
| B．Writing and Listening |
| C．Reading and Translating |
| D．Listening and Translating |
| A．You can speak your native language without think about grammar |
| B．Before you can speak your native you must hear millions of sentences |
| C．The input-based approach is the only way to speak a language fluently |
| D．Grammar is no use at all |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
But what is teacher quality? How can one measure it reliably?
An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students’ gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is probably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if his students consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.
Though this approach is appealing, there are tricky issues. For example, what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little room for improvement?
The authors try to correct for this problem, as well as other sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.
The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently have a larger impact on their students’ achievement than others.
Second, easily observable characteristics like having a master’s degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated關(guān)聯(lián) with teacher effectiveness.
Then what does matter? The most important single influence is experience: first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.
It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of the fittest (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)
From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an informed decision is available at that time.
The authors also investigate the contentious 有爭議的issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect 移情效應(yīng)(teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.
The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.
【小題1】The schoolmaster could decide wisely whether to further employ the teacher by the end of the ______.
| A．the first year | B．the second year | C．the third year | D．the fourth year |
| A．reach their normal level | B．become confident |
| C．walk with long steps | D．get bored |
| A．teachers will perform better with time passing |
| B．ineffective teachers should leave earlier rather than later |
| C．teacher’s effectiveness is apparent after a couple of years |
| D．a(chǎn) master’s degree will improve teacher’s effectiveness |
| A．Students fell secure, so they respond better. |
| B．Teachers sympathize with students of their own race. |
| C．There are entirely some other identified reasons. |
| D．The reasons are far from clear and definite. |
| A．The Quality of Teaching |
| B．Impact of Teacher Quality on Student Learning |
| C．Different Sorts of Measurement Issues |
| D．Survival-of-the-fittest Model vs. Learning-by-doing Model |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
For many parents , raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?
Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.
In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming, the goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right, it doesn’t matter what the topic is----politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg ----the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority ---- someone who actually knows something ---- and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.
【小題1】Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?
| A．both can continue for generations. |
| B．both are about where to draw the line. |
| C．Neither has any clear winner. |
| D．Neither can be put to an end. |
| A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict. |
| B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict. |
| C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them. |
| D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents. |
| A．give orders to the other |
| B．know more than the other |
| C．gain respect from the other |
| D．get the other to behave properly |
| A．Causes for the parent-teen conflicts. |
| B．Examples of the parent-teen war. |
| C．Solutions for the parent-teen problems. |
| D．Future of the parent-teen relationship. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The national assistance system for poor college students is getting more effective as proved by fewer phone calls to the hotline of the National Center for Student Assistance Administration.
"Poor college students and their parents are getting more satisfied with the national assistance system," said Ma Wenhua, deputy director of the administration, on Saturday. Over the past three years, the hotline received 8,488 calls. Statistics show 62 percent of the calls were made to ask about the funding policy, while 38 percent (3,200 calls) complained local colleges had failed to abide by the rules to support the students.
Complaints were seen a year-on-year decrease from 2006 to 2008. Ma said some poor families might still overlook what they should do to get support for their child. To ensure education equality, the government has introduced a set of favorable policies to help poor students, such as scholarships, grants, student loans, tuition waivers(學(xué)費全免) and the work-study programs under which poor students are helped out in libraries, teachers' offices or service departments to earn money.
Statistics show the government spent 29.3 billion yuan last year to aid college students, up 7.6 percent from the previous year. Around 40 million persons of college students received the national aid.
The Ministry of Education of the government would ensure that no students drop out of colleges or universities because of poverty.
Among the 20 million students in the country's public and private universities and colleges last year, about 20 percent came from poor backgrounds, official figures show.
【小題1】The national assistance system is set up ___.
| A．for parents and students to complain |
| B．to help poor college students |
| C．for poor students to get free education |
| D．to help students find jobs |
| A．follow | B．break | C．bear | D．a(chǎn)gree to |
| A．students will drop out of university because of poverty |
| B．Chinese poor college students are more satisfied with national assistance system |
| C．more and more parents are complaining about their local colleges |
| D．college students are suffering from great economic pressure |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
I heard many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling（叛逆）．I wish it were so．At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents．You should be learning to stand on your own feet．But take a good look at the present rebellion．It seems that teenagers are taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents．Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching(緊握）at one another's hands for reassurance．
They claim they want to dress as they please．But they all wear the same clothes. Then set off in new directions in music．But somehow they all end up with listening to the same record together．Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that many people are doing it．They have come out of their cocoon（繭） into a larger cocoon．
It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and go his or her own way．Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market．These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be．
And many of today's parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children．All this adds to a great barrier(障礙） for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path．
But the barrier is worth climbing over．The path is worth following, You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party．You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records．You may have some thoughts 'that you don't care to share with your classmates at once, well, go to it．Find yourself．Popularity will come-with the people who respect you for who you are．That is the only kind of popularity that really counts．
【小題1】In this passage, the author wants to tell .
| A．teenagers how to learn to decide things for themselves |
| B．readers how to be popular with people around |
| C．parents how to control and guide their children |
| D．people how to understand and respect each other |
| A．have much difficulty understanding each other |
| B．lack confidence |
| C．dare not cope with （處理） problems single-handed |
| D．a(chǎn)re much afraid of getting lost |
| A．There is no popularity that really counts． |
| B．What many parents are doing is helping their children find their own paths． |
| C．It is bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates． |
| D．Most teenagers claim that they want to do what they like to, but they are actually doing the same． |
| A．Convincing． | B．Influential. |
| C．Instructive． | D．Authoritative（權(quán)威的）． |
| A．differ from others in as many ways as possible |
| B．get into the right reason and become popular |
| C．find one's real self |
| D．rebel against parents and the popularity wave |
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