But what is teacher quality? How can one measure it reliably?
An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students’ gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is probably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if his students consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.
Though this approach is appealing, there are tricky issues. For example, what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little room for improvement?
The authors try to correct for this problem, as well as other sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.
The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently have a larger impact on their students’ achievement than others.
Second, easily observable characteristics like having a master’s degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated關(guān)聯(lián) with teacher effectiveness.
Then what does matter? The most important single influence is experience: first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.
It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of the fittest (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)
From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an informed decision is available at that time.
The authors also investigate the contentious 有爭(zhēng)議的issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect 移情效應(yīng)(teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.
The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.
【小題1】The schoolmaster could decide wisely whether to further employ the teacher by the end of the ______.
A.the first year | B.the second year | C.the third year | D.the fourth year |
A.reach their normal level | B.become confident |
C.walk with long steps | D.get bored |
A.teachers will perform better with time passing |
B.ineffective teachers should leave earlier rather than later |
C.teacher’s effectiveness is apparent after a couple of years |
D.a(chǎn) master’s degree will improve teacher’s effectiveness |
A.Students fell secure, so they respond better. |
B.Teachers sympathize with students of their own race. |
C.There are entirely some other identified reasons. |
D.The reasons are far from clear and definite. |
A.The Quality of Teaching |
B.Impact of Teacher Quality on Student Learning |
C.Different Sorts of Measurement Issues |
D.Survival-of-the-fittest Model vs. Learning-by-doing Model |
【小題1】D
【小題2】B
【小題3】A
【小題4】D
【小題5】C
解析試題分析:本文是一份關(guān)于教師教學(xué)效果的衡量和影響因素的分析報(bào)告。在報(bào)告中,專家們認(rèn)為學(xué)生在考試中的得分應(yīng)該作為教師教學(xué)效果的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而且還提到了教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)在教學(xué)中的影響以及教學(xué)中的移情效應(yīng)等。
【小題1】D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.可知教師的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)是逐年增長(zhǎng)的,到了畢業(yè)后第四年的時(shí)候大多數(shù)都有了足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn),由此推斷得知D選項(xiàng)正確。明智的校長(zhǎng)在第四年底再?zèng)Q定是否繼續(xù)聘用該教師。
【小題2】B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better,可知隨著教齡的增長(zhǎng),教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)也在增長(zhǎng),經(jīng)驗(yàn)多了,老師的自信也更強(qiáng)了,由此推斷B為正確選項(xiàng)。
【小題3】A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中From my reading of 。。。The data do suggest, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year,可知教師的表現(xiàn)和教學(xué)效果會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的過(guò)去而變得更好。
【小題4】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中。。。 it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect or an empathy effect可知D選項(xiàng)正確、
【小題5】C主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭提出教學(xué)效果的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),然后圍繞此話題展開(kāi)敘述,由此可知文章中心是教學(xué)效果的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和影響因素,所以正確選項(xiàng)為C。
考點(diǎn):考查教育類短文閱讀。
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The results were published(發(fā)表) in the Journal of Phonetics.
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B.she has a less upper-class accent now |
C.her speeches have been recorded for 50 years |
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C.As long as three months. |
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A.a(chǎn)t any moment |
B.only when they are happy |
C.only when they want it |
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B.Open up to close friends. |
C.Never take a friendship for granted. |
D.All the above. |
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B.You should wait for a friend to ask a favor. |
C.You should avoid talking with strangers in museums, laundry rooms, or bookstores. |
D.You should never take a friendship for granted. |
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Knowing the best way to study will help you to be a better student. By using your tin7eproperly, you can do your homework snore quickly. Learning to study is not difficult.
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Don't try to spend a lot of time researching learning methods. There are many students who know many good learning methods but don't study well. They forget that the most useful learning method is to study hard
【小題1】The main purpose of the article is to___.
A.prove that learning is not difficult、 |
B.make parents interested in study |
C.tell the importance of self-teaching |
D.tell the students how to study well |
A.like the subject |
B.follow the teacher |
C.enjoy learning |
D.study hard |
A.to put a pen, paper and books beside you before study |
B.to study at any possible time and place |
C.to review and preview |
D.to pay attention to the most important things |
A.No pains,no gains |
B.Better late than never |
C.Study comes first |
D.Good methods, good results |
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Application Form
Before an applicant can be invited to take part in an assessment, an application form should be returned to the Admissions Office, and the application fee of HK$1,000 cannot be returned. For overseas applicants wishing to pay in currencies other than HK dollars, the fee is US$145. Checks are also good for payment to “Chinese International School”.
The application should include:
※ Applicants’ academic report from the last school year.
※ A recent passport-sized photo (attached to the application form).
※A copy of the applicant’s Hong Kong ID card or a passport showing a valid Hong Kong visa.
※ Only for applicants applying under a Corporate Nomination(提名) Right: A company letter confirming the nomination.
Please note that the application fee is non-refundable. Applicants who would like to re-apply for another academic year are asked to submit a new application and application fee.
Acceptance
Applicants will be informed of their acceptance status in writing by postal mail. Initial(最初的) offers for Reception will be sent out from late March once all assessments have been completed.
Some applicants who have been assessed may be held on a reserve list. Acceptances may also be made on a conditional basis among the applicants on the reserve list.
Applicants who have been assessed but who have not been admitted are welcome to reapply for the next academic year. Please note that such applicants will be asked to submit a new application and application fee.
Confirmation of Acceptance and Enrollment(錄取)
Once an applicant has been admitted, the applicant family will be asked to confirm acceptance and hold the student’s place with immediate payment of the required fees for the Nomination Right (HK$ 500), plus the sum of HK$ 7,500 as the first tuition (學(xué)費(fèi)) payment.
In addition, enrollment will not be considered complete until the following have been received, normally one month before the start of the new school year:
※ Physical examination results
※ Tuition (first month)
【小題1】According to the passage, if the applicants reapply for an academic year, .
A.a(chǎn) new application and application fee are to be required |
B.a(chǎn)pplicants on a reserve list needn’t be assessed |
C.the application fee can be reduced to a half |
D.the initial application form should be returned to the Admissions Office |
A.Once applicants are refused, they can’t apply for it again |
B.Applicants held on a reserve list will not be admitted |
C.Applicants don’t have to get a company letter to confirm their application |
D.The applicants should show either a Hong Kong visa or a Hong Kong ID card |
A.HK$ 500. | B.HK$7, 500. | C.HK$1, 000. | D.US$ 145. |
A.will be asked to submit a new application |
B.will receive physical Examination results |
C.will be asked to only pay the first month fee |
D.will be asked to confirm acceptance and pay the fees |
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Mount Hollywood Trail(林間小道,鄉(xiāng)間小路) Los Angeles
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Bronx River, New York
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Southern Islands, Singapore
Believe it or not, tightly packed Singapore does have plenty of open space left. There are actual trails right in the middle of everything, if you know where to look. But to really get away from it all, the Southern Islands, a small group of little green dots just off the city state’s southern shoreline, are just the thing.
Lee Valley, London
This East London river valley changed last summer, when anyone near a television got an eyeful of Olympic Park, built directly in the middle of the valley. Inside the park, beautifully landscaped sections quickly became a favorite relaxation spot for games goers. At present, you’ll find miles of walking paths worth exploring. Start at the Waltham Cross train and follow the signposted walking route southbound, guiding you past important historic industrial areas, through interesting city neighborhoods, past the western side of Olympic Park and on to the Thames.
【小題1】If someone wants to enjoy an unforgettable experience for free , he can go to ______.
A.Mount Hollywood Trail and Bronx River |
B.Mount Hollywood Trail and Southern Islands |
C.Lee Valley and Southern Islands |
D.Bronx River and Lee Valley |
A.inform the readers that nature exists in crowded big cities |
B.a(chǎn)ppeal to more people to outdoor adventure |
C.recommend several historical spots to readers |
D.present various approach to outdoor adventure |
A.it’s difficult to find a proper trail in packed Singapore |
B.the Thames is not far away from the East London river valley |
C.The Bronx River Alliance has succeeded in running the river |
D.you may have trouble reaching the Mount Hollywood Trail |
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