A wave of recent research has pointed to the risks of over praising a child. And it seems that how to draw a line between too little praise and too much has become a high-pressure _  _act for parents.
Self-esteem (自尊)  serves as a kind of tool to measure how much children feel valued and accepted by     . This sensitivity to others'      develops because of humans' need for social acceptance, which is considered to be      to survival. As early as age 8, children's self-esteem tends to rise and fall in response to feedbacks about      peers see them as likable or attractive.     , it can also be beneficial for kids to feel bad about themselves occasionally, if they behave in selfish, mean or hurtful ways that might      their ability to maintain relationships or hold a job in the future.
In the past, many parents and educators believed that high self-esteem      happiness and success, and kids could gain self-esteem simply by getting      and awards from their parents, teachers and people around. But recently researchers have found self-esteem doesn't  _   these desired results. Instead, if parents praise their kids     , their self-esteem becomes focused on being very smart and being the best and being perfect. Building too much self-esteem of the children can not go as planned, making them feel      later on when they hit setbacks (挫折).
According to some experts, it can actually be good for kids to have      self-esteem, at least once in a while. And praise can be      if it disregards the world outside the home. Children who have a      understanding of how they are seen by others tend to get recovered more readily      disappointment, depression or the like. The best path is a      road, helping children develop a positive but      view of themselves in relation to others by praising them for the      they invest and behaviors they are able to sustain, like "It's      that you're working so hard on your homework. "
小題1:
A．balancingB．crashingC．forcingD．embarrassing
小題2:
A．themselvesB．parentsC．othersD．teachers
小題3:
A．viewsB．enviesC．favorsD．blames
小題4:
A．irrelevantB．similarC．importantD．sensitive
小題5:
A．whenB．whetherC．howD．where
小題6:
A．IndeedB．OtherwiseC．ThereforeD．However
小題7:
A．improveB．damageC．changeD．develop
小題8:
A．promisedB．delayedC．purchasedD．ruined
小題9:
A．supportB．helpC．challengeD．praise
小題10:
A．settle downB．work outC．give awayD．bring about
小題11:
A．rarelyB．carefullyC．constantlyD．casually
小題12:
A．worseB．strongerC．betterD．madder
小題13:
A．highB．muchC．lowD．little
小題14:
A．powerfulB．harmfulC．gratefulD．stressful
小題15:
A．practicalB．limitedC．basicD．perfect
小題16:
A．withB．toC．a(chǎn)boutD．from
小題17:
A．straightB．smoothC．middleD．rough
小題18:
A．generalB．realisticC．differentD．negative
小題19:
A．talentB．timeC．moneyD．effort
小題20:
A．necessaryB．a(chǎn)wesomeC．worthlessD．a(chǎn)wful

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:A
小題4:C
小題5:B
小題6:D
小題7:B
小題8:A
小題9:D
小題10:D
小題11:C
小題12:A
小題13:C
小題14:B
小題15:A
小題16:D
小題17:C
小題18:B
小題19:D
小題20:B

試題分析：文章闡述過(guò)度的表?yè)P(yáng)反而對(duì)孩子沒(méi)有好處，過(guò)度的自尊心讓孩子不能客觀的認(rèn)識(shí)自己，在遇到挫折的時(shí)候，不能盡快恢復(fù)，對(duì)孩子的評(píng)價(jià)要積極，但是也要客觀。
小題1:考查動(dòng)詞辨析：A. balancing平衡，B. crashing撞擊，C. forcing強(qiáng)迫，D. embarrassing尷尬，近來(lái)一些研究指出了過(guò)分表?yè)P(yáng)孩子可能帶來(lái)的種種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。不過(guò)，對(duì)于家長(zhǎng)而言，要在夸獎(jiǎng)得太少與太多之間劃清界限，這難度不亞于頂著巨大的壓力走高空繩索。選A
小題2:考查反身代詞：A. themselves他們自己，B. parents父母，C. others   其他人，D. teachers老師，從下文的：This sensitivity to others'  38  develops because of humans' need for social acceptance,可知自尊心是一種工具可以衡量孩子被別人重視和接受的程度。選C
小題3:考查名詞辨析：A. views觀點(diǎn)，B. envies嫉妒，C. favors恩惠，D. blames責(zé)備，這種對(duì)別人的觀點(diǎn)的敏感發(fā)展是因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)社會(huì)認(rèn)可的需求。選A
小題4:考查形容詞辨析：A. irrelevant 不相關(guān)，B. similar 相似，C. important重要，D. sensitive敏感的，這被認(rèn)為是對(duì)生存很重要的，選C
小題5:考查連詞辨析：A. when當(dāng)…時(shí)候，B. whether是否，C. how怎樣， D. where哪里，在8歲的時(shí)候，孩子的自我認(rèn)知就會(huì)隨著同伴是否認(rèn)為他們可愛(ài)或是有魅力這樣的反饋而增加或降低。選B
小題6:考查副詞辨析：A. Indeed   確實(shí)，B. Otherwise否則，C. Therefore因此，D. However然而，然而，偶爾讓孩子感覺(jué)不好也是有好處的。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選D
小題7:考查動(dòng)詞辨析：A. improve提高，B. damage  破壞，C. change改變，D. develop發(fā)展，如果孩子的行為表現(xiàn)出自私、自大或是會(huì)傷害到他人──這樣的行為有可能影響到他們未來(lái)與他人相處或是保住自己工作的能力，選B
小題8:考查動(dòng)詞辨析：A. promised許諾，答應(yīng)，預(yù)示著，B. delayed拖延，C. purchased購(gòu)買，D. ruined毀了，過(guò)去，許多家長(zhǎng)和教育者相信，較高的自我認(rèn)可度預(yù)示著將會(huì)帶來(lái)幸福感與成功，選A
小題9:考查動(dòng)詞辨析：A. support支持，B. help幫助，C. challenge挑戰(zhàn)，D. praise表?yè)P(yáng)，而若要孩子實(shí)現(xiàn)高度的自我認(rèn)可，做法很簡(jiǎn)單，只要給予他們大量的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和贊美即可。選D
小題10:考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析： A. settle down定居下來(lái)，平靜下來(lái)，B. work out 計(jì)算出，鍛煉，結(jié)果是，C. give away泄露，贈(zèng)送，D. bring about引起，導(dǎo)致，帶來(lái)，不過(guò)研究者們后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)，自我認(rèn)可并不會(huì)帶來(lái)這些結(jié)果。選D
小題11:考查副詞辨析：A. rarely  罕見(jiàn)的，B. carefully仔細(xì)地，C. constantly不斷地，D. casually隨意地，如果父母經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)孩子，他們的自尊就專注于聰明，最好的，最完美的。選C
小題12:考查形容詞辨析：A. worse更糟，B. stronger更強(qiáng)，C. better更好，D. madder更瘋狂，讓孩子的自我過(guò)于膨脹反而有可能起到相反的作用，使他們?cè)谖磥?lái)遭受挫折時(shí)感覺(jué)更為糟糕。選A
小題13:考查形容詞辨析：A. high高，B. much多，C. low低，D. little少，根據(jù)一些專家所說(shuō)，讓孩子保持較低的自尊可能實(shí)際上對(duì)孩子是好事情。選C
小題14:考查形容詞辨析：A. powerful強(qiáng)大的，B. harmful有害的，C. grateful 感激的，D. stressful有壓力的，表?yè)P(yáng)可能是有害的，因?yàn)樗鲆暳送饷娴氖澜�，選B
小題15:考查形容詞辨析：A. practical 實(shí)用的，B. limited有限的，C. basic基本的，D. perfect完美的，對(duì)別人怎么看待他有實(shí)際的理解的孩子往往會(huì)從失望中恢復(fù)的更快，選A
小題16:考查介詞辨析：A. with和…一起，B. to給，去，C. about關(guān)于，D. from來(lái)自，使用了詞組“recoverfrom”，選D
小題17:考查形容詞辨析：A. straight直的，B. smooth光滑的，C. middle 中間的，D. rough粗糙的，最好的方法是中間的道路，選C
小題18:考查形容詞辨析：A. general一般的，B. realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的，C. different不同的，D. negative負(fù)面的，幫助孩子建立一種積極的但是是現(xiàn)實(shí)的別人對(duì)自己的觀點(diǎn)。選B
小題19:考查名詞辨析：A. talent  才能，B. time  時(shí)間，C. money錢，D. effort努力，通過(guò)努力獲得的表?yè)P(yáng)，選D
小題20:考查形容詞辨析：A. necessary必須，B. awesome令人敬畏的；可怕的；出色的，C. worthless無(wú)價(jià)值的，不值錢的，D. awful可怕的，你作業(yè)做的這么認(rèn)真真是很棒。選B
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Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive（原始的）humans were closer to the animals because they, too, relied upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans recognized a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating（減輕）symptoms of a disease or improving the condition of a wound. Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of health disorders. So it is not surprising that early humans thought that illness was caused by evil spirits. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual (禮儀) to drive harmful spirits away from a diseased body.
One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B.C., not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name. Nevertheless, the writings attributed to him have provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice. One of his most famous contributions, the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics (道德). Among other things, it requires a physician to swear that he or she will help the sick, keep oneself from intentional wrong-doing or harm, and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor-patient relationship.
Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived（源自于）from an understanding of the natural sciences and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this classic thesis, On Airs, Waters, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human-being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors: living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air and food. Interesting enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are still very much written in the twentieth century.
小題1:The topic of the first paragraph is summarized in ________.
A．the first sentence of the paragraph
B．the second sentence of the paragraph
C．the third sentence of the paragraph
D．the last sentence of the paragraph
小題2:Why did primitive humans rely on magic in their beliefs about the causes and cures of diseases?
A．Because magic was an inseparable part of their life.
B．Because they had little knowledge about the functioning of the body.
C．Because the diseases were caused by the evil spirits.
D．Because magic must be used in going through the rituals to drive out the evil spirits.
小題3:Considering Hippocrates’ background, we can see from the second paragraph that ________.
A．he was the forefather of modern medicine
B．experts are sure that the books bearing his name were not written by him
C．he had a rational mind aided by supernatural instincts
D．experts do not know much about him except when and where he lived
小題4:All of the following are included in the Hippocratic Oath EXCEPT ________.
A．helping patients
B．keeping oneself from harming patients
C．keeping secret all matters to maintain a good relationship with the patients
D．obeying rules for modern medicine practice
小題5:Which of the following best expressed the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Doctor’s concerns remain unchanged.
B．Medicine comes from nature.
C．Environment affects health.
D．Climate determines lifestyle.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Sooner or later, most students are to take some form of English examinations. Often the more successful students are better prepared. However, sometimes students who do well have better test taking skills. These abilities really have nothing to do with understanding English better. They are skills that make taking the test easier, and therefore provide better results.
Here are some very important—and often ignored—guidelines to taking a test successfully.
Do not insist on completing each question before going to the next. This is extremely important. Remember one question may only be worth one point! You will become nervous when you fail to find out its answer, making you lose your concentration and leading to worse results. However, answering the questions you are sure you know results in your being more relaxed and feeling more confident.
Go through the test a second time working out the answers to more difficult questions. Sometimes questions asked are answered in later questions asking for different things.
Usually(but not always) a strong first impulse(沖動(dòng)) means we know the answer and we don’t really have to think about it too much. Going back to think about it usually makes you unsure and often causes a mistake. This is very common, so be very careful!
If you don’t know the answer, write something. If you are answering a 4 possibility multiple choice question you will still have a 25% chance of being correct!
Taking a test is as much for you as is for your teacher, so never cheat. If you cheat, you don’t help yourself in the long run.
小題1:In the first paragraph, the writer stresses the importance of ______.
A．better preparations for exams.
B．better understanding of English.
C．better skills at taking exams.
D．better results of taking exams.
小題2:When taking an exam, you are advised ______.
A．to first answer the questions which are easier to you.
B．to depend on your first impulse to answer the questions.
C．to search the test paper for all the answers to the questions.
D．to give up the questions whose answers you don’t know.
小題3:It is common that many students______.
A．pay much attention to their testing skills.
B．often give up a difficult test halfway.
C．often get higher results by cheating.
D．don’t believe in their first impulse.
小題4:What would be the best title of the passage?
A．Effective Studying Methods.B．Effective Test Taking Skills.
C．Getting Better Exam Results.D．Being Successful Students.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



People in several American states may be surprised to see cars on city streets without a driver. Experimental driverless vehicles now are legal in Florida, Nevada and California. They are pointing the way to a future that is not far down the road. The high-tech company Google has a number of self-driving cars, which had covered 480,000 kilometers by August. Volvo is among the companies doing road tests and says it plans to sell driverless cars by 2020.
In September, California Governor Jerry Brown signed an act to allow autonomous vehicles on the roads of his state. " Today we're looking at science fiction becoming tomorrow's reality-the driverless car. " The technology for these cars includes cameras, radar and motion sensors. The systems have been improved through competitions sponsored by the U. S. government agency DARPA. Engineer Richard Mason of the Rand Corporation helped design driverless vehicles for DARPA challenge races.
Cars have become much more fuel-efficient, and new electronic features are' making Hondas safer, said Angie Nucci of Honda America. " A camera on the passenger-side mirror actually engaged on your guiding screen so you can safely change lanes. " Other safety features include warning systems on the front and the sides of the cars. These systems help drivers , but don't replace them. Curator Leslie Kendall of the Petersen Automotive Museum said autonomous cars will make the high ways safer．
"By taking out drivers, you also remove most risks of an accident," Kendall said. He said consumers, however, may be unwilling to lose control. "It may take them time to come to realize that the technology is indeed reliable, but it will have to prove itself first. "
Mason said the technology already works and the biggest challenge now is getting down the cost for driverless vehicles from hundreds of thousands of dollars to something more affordable. He said this will happen as the technology is improved.
小題1:What can we learn from Paragraph l?
A. Driverless vehicles are now legal in the whole USA.
B. Volvo will be the first to sell driverless cars.
C. Driverless cars are pointing us' a faraway future.
D. Google's self-driving cars have covered a long distance.
小題2:We learn that Governor of California Jerry Brown_________.
A．helped design self-driving cars.
B．supports self-driving cars on roads.
C．considers self-driving cars science fiction.
D．improved the self-driving car systems.
小題3:What is the role of the systems mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．They can help people drive more safely.
B．They can take the place of drivers now.
C．They can make cars run without fuel.
D．They can help cars run much faster.
小題4:According to Richard Mason, what is the biggest challenge for driverless cars?
A．They are not allowed to run on the road.
B．Their technical problems remain to be solved.
C．They are now too expensive for consumers.
D．They are more dangerous for people on the street.
小題5:What's the best title of the passage?
A．The benefits of the self-driving cars.
B．The biggest challenge of the self-driving cars.
C．Safer or more dangerous-self-driving cars.
D．Self-driving cars-science fiction future is near.

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