Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.
On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.
Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.
No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.
小題1:The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means_______.
A．keepB． buildC．recreateD．evaluate
小題2:According to the author, the teacher should _______.
A．free students from outside pressures
B．set the standards and rules on his own
C．be responsible for a well-organized class
D．focus more on instruction and evaluation
小題3:From the passage we can learn that ______.
A．rules cannot be changed once they’re formed
B．outside pressures can not cause tension among students
C．if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his task
D．if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess
小題4:What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?
A．To provide information for teaching.
B．To show the importance of teaching a class.
C．To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom.
D．To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class.

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:A

試題分析：教育所包含的內(nèi)容遠甚于領(lǐng)導關(guān)系。有些老師將時間和經(jīng)歷花在訓導方面，另外一些花在評估方面。正是作為組內(nèi)領(lǐng)導者的老師才能為訓導和評估活動創(chuàng)造有效率的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和良好的工作環(huán)境。
小題1:helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment幫助形成并保持一種積極的學習環(huán)境，maintain保持，故選A。
小題2:根據(jù)第一段“But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment”可知，創(chuàng)造一種有效的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和良好的學習環(huán)境是老師的職責所在，故選C。
小題3:根據(jù)第三段“Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic.”可知，沒有明確的針對老師和學生的規(guī)定，教室會變得一片混亂。故選D。
小題4:根據(jù)“Teaching is more than leadership. ...On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. ...One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.”可知，文章講的是，教師如何做好教學工作，管理好學生，故選A。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The year is 2094,It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth.Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.
On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere with a massive explosion.About half of the piece is destoryed but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200times the speed of sound.The sea boils and a huge gole is made in the sea bed.Huge waves are created and spread outwards form the hole.The eall of water,a kilometer high,rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour.Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned.
Before the waves reach South America.the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina.Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Moutains.The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles,San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes,Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead,but the north won’t eacape for long.Because of the explosions the sun is hidden by clouds of dust,and temperatures around the world fall to almost zero.Crops are ruined.The sun won’t be seen again for many years.Wars break out as countries fight for food.A year later,no more than 10 million remain laive.
Could it really happen?In fact,it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth.The dinesaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years,Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared.Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn’t live through the cold climate that followed and they died out .Will we meet the same end ?
小題1:What is mainly described in the passage ?
A．A historic discoveryB．A research on space
C．A scientific adventureD．An imaginary event
小題2:When the first piece hits the South Atlantic,it causes_______.
A．a(chǎn)n earthquakeB．huge waves
C．damages to citiesD．a(chǎn)n Earth explosion
小題3:Why can’t the northern half of the earth escape ofr long?
A．Because the land is covered with water.
B．because people there can not live at the temperature of zero.
C．Because wars break out among countries.
D．Because the light and heat from the sun can not reach the earth.
小題4:By giving the example if dinosaurs,the author tries to prove________.
A．a(chǎn)nimals could not live in the cold climate.
B．what happened 65 mollion years ago was an invented story.
C．the human beings will die out in 2094
D．the Earth could be hit by other objects in space
小題5:We may guess that the writer is_________.
A．worriedB．full of imaginationC．practicalD．a(chǎn) scientist

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Life in space will certainly take some getting used to！But the space station has been designed to keep the astronauts as comfortable as possible—the modules(艙) are roomy，bright，and kept at a constant 70 degrees Fahrenheit.It’s important the crew members are comfortable because they’ll be busy aboard the station.In a typical workday，crew members will spend 14 hours working and exercising,1.5 hours preparing and eating meals，and 8.5 hours sleeping.Here are some other fun facts about life aboard the station：
Food
Come mealtime，astronauts will have a special dining kitchen.Space food just keeps getting better—and more like food we enjoy here on Earth.In early space missions，astronauts could eat only freeze­dried food that didn’t require any preparation.But the space station is equipped with water，microwave ovens，and refrigerators，allowing the folks on board to eat more “normal” types of food，including fruit，vegetables，and ice cream!
Sleep
Each crew member has a private room.With no gravity，they’ll need to tie themselves to their beds，or they will float away！That might sound like a strange way to sleep，but astronauts from past space missions report that sleeping in space is actually pretty great!
Exercise
You might not think it，but exercise is even more important on the station than it is on Earth.There is not much gravity in space.Astronauts don’t stand up，sit down or walk in space，so their muscles and bones don’t have to work much—and this muscle and bone loss can be dangerous back on Earth.To fight this，astronauts on the station will exercise on bikes，rowing machines，and other equipment about two hours every day.
Clothing
Astronauts will have to wear special space suits while traveling aboard the U．S.shuttle or Russian rockets.But once they’re safe inside the space station，crew members can wear regular clothing.Of course，a specially designed，pressurized space suit is required for space walks.It has to withstand(經(jīng)受住) flying pieces and protect the astronauts from dramatic temperature changes.It can range from 120 degrees below Fahrenheit in the shadow of the station to 250 degrees in the hot sun.
Personal Cleanliness
Simple tasks like brushing your teeth can be challenging in a weightless environment.A little water doesn’t flow in a stream—it suspends in a bubble！Astronauts will use a freshwater hose(軟管) to take showers，shampoo，and wash off—then a second vacuum hose to suction(吸) off the dirty water.And how do you go to the bathroom in space？With a special “air toilet” that uses flowing air instead of water to dispose of waste.
小題1:The facts about life in space are all mentioned EXCEPT ________.
A．clothingB．entertainment
C．sleepD．exercise
小題2:What can be learned from the paragraph “Clothing”？
A．The temperature is quite different in different places in space.
B．Astronauts must wear special space suits all the time in space.
C．Astronauts can wear regular clothing for space walks now.
D．Astronauts wear pressurized space suits just to keep warm.
小題3:Why is exercise more important in space than on earth?
A．It can make astronauts feel relaxed in space.
B．It can help astronauts spend their spare time happily.
C．Astronauts’ lives are more important in space than on earth.
D．It can prevent astronauts from causing muscle and bone loss.
小題4:What do we know about space food from the text?
A．Astronauts could eat apples in space in the past.
B．Astronauts eat only fruit，vegetables and ice cream now.
C．Fresh food isn’t available to astronauts in space.
D．Space food is getting better now than before.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Imagine you’re in a dark room, running your fingers over a smooth surface in search of a single dot the size of this period, How high do you think the dot must be for your finger to feel it?
Scientists have determined that the human finger is so sensitive it can detect a surface bump just one micron（l0－6m）"high． The human eye, by contrast, can't tell anything much smaller than100 microns．No wonder we rely on touch rather than eyesight when faced with a new roll of toilet paper．
Biologically, touch is the mother of all sensory（感覺的） systems．It is an ancient sense in evolution: even the simplest single-celled living things can feel when something brushes up against them and will respond by moving closer or pulling away． It is the first sense aroused during a baby’s development and the last to weaken at life's peak． Patients in a deep coma （昏迷）who seem otherwise lost to the world will show skin reaction when touched by a nurse．
“Touch ,is so central to what we are that we almost cannot imagine ourselves without it,” said Chris Dijkerman．“It's 'not like eyesight, where you close your eyes and you don't see anything． You can't do that with touch．It's always there．"
Long ignored in favor of the sensory heavyweights of eyesight and hearing, the study of touch lately:: has been gaining new concern among scientists．They're exploring the effects of recently reported false touch impressions, of people being made to feel as though they had three arms, for example, with the hope of gaining the true understanding of how the mind works．
Others are turning to touch for more practical purposes: to build better touch screen instruments and robot hands, a more well-rounded virtual life．�！癟here's a fair amount of research into new ways of offloading information onto our sense of touch," said Lynette Jones． "To have your cell phone buzzing （making a low sound） as opposed to ringing turned out to have a lot of advantages in．some situations．"
Touch is our most active sense, our means of seizing the world and experiencing it 'first hand． Dr．Susan Lederman pointed out that while we can become aware of something by seeing or hear,ing7;-．from a distance and without really trying, if we want to learn about something by means of touch, we must make a move．We must rub the cloth, or pet the cat． Touching is a two-way street, and that's not true for seeing or hearing． If you have a soft object and you squeeze it, you change its shape． The physical world reacts back．"
Our hands are smart and can do many tasks automatically - button a shirt, fit a key in a lock, play the; piano for others．Dr．Lederman and her colleagues have shown that blindfolded subjects can easily recognize a wide range of common -objects placed．in their hands．But on some feeling tasks, touch is all thumbs （very clumsy）． When people are given a raised line drawing of a common object, they're puzzled．“If all we've got is outline information;" Dr．Lederman said,．“no weight, no texture, no temperature information, well, we're very, very bad with that．"
Touch also turns out to be easy to fool, Among the sensory tricks now being investigated is something called the Pinocchio illusion． Researchers have found that if they shake the band of the biceps（二頭肌）, many people report feeling that their forearm is getting 'longer, their hand floating ever further from their elbow（肘）． And if they are told to touch the forefinger of the shaken arm to the tip of their nose, they feel as though their nose was lengthening, too． 
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A．Our eyes are more sensitive than our fingers．
B．Our fingers are more sensitive than our eyes．
C．Our eyes are more sensitive than our ears．
D．Our noses are less sensitive than our ears．
小題2:The sense that is firstly awaked during a child's development is the sense of        ．
A．sightB．tasteC．hearingD．touch
小題3:The underlined sentence “You can't do that with touch” here means “You can't        ”．
A．close your skinB．close your eyes ' C．touch anythingD．see anything
小題4:Scientists are lately getting interested in the following except      ．
A．living a well-rounded virtual life
B．understanding how the mind works
C．favoring eyesight and hearing
D．building better 'touch screen objects
小題5:In the view of       , movement is needed when we want to know something by touching．
A．the author B．Chris Dijkerman
C．Lynette JonesD．Susan Lederman

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

A wave of recent research has pointed to the risks of over praising a child. And it seems that how to draw a line between too little praise and too much has become a high-pressure _  _act for parents.
Self-esteem (自尊)  serves as a kind of tool to measure how much children feel valued and accepted by     . This sensitivity to others'      develops because of humans' need for social acceptance, which is considered to be      to survival. As early as age 8, children's self-esteem tends to rise and fall in response to feedbacks about      peers see them as likable or attractive.     , it can also be beneficial for kids to feel bad about themselves occasionally, if they behave in selfish, mean or hurtful ways that might      their ability to maintain relationships or hold a job in the future.
In the past, many parents and educators believed that high self-esteem      happiness and success, and kids could gain self-esteem simply by getting      and awards from their parents, teachers and people around. But recently researchers have found self-esteem doesn't  _   these desired results. Instead, if parents praise their kids     , their self-esteem becomes focused on being very smart and being the best and being perfect. Building too much self-esteem of the children can not go as planned, making them feel      later on when they hit setbacks (挫折).
According to some experts, it can actually be good for kids to have      self-esteem, at least once in a while. And praise can be      if it disregards the world outside the home. Children who have a      understanding of how they are seen by others tend to get recovered more readily      disappointment, depression or the like. The best path is a      road, helping children develop a positive but      view of themselves in relation to others by praising them for the      they invest and behaviors they are able to sustain, like "It's      that you're working so hard on your homework. "
小題1:
A．balancingB．crashingC．forcingD．embarrassing
小題2:
A．themselvesB．parentsC．othersD．teachers
小題3:
A．viewsB．enviesC．favorsD．blames
小題4:
A．irrelevantB．similarC．importantD．sensitive
小題5:
A．whenB．whetherC．howD．where
小題6:
A．IndeedB．OtherwiseC．ThereforeD．However
小題7:
A．improveB．damageC．changeD．develop
小題8:
A．promisedB．delayedC．purchasedD．ruined
小題9:
A．supportB．helpC．challengeD．praise
小題10:
A．settle downB．work outC．give awayD．bring about
小題11:
A．rarelyB．carefullyC．constantlyD．casually
小題12:
A．worseB．strongerC．betterD．madder
小題13:
A．highB．muchC．lowD．little
小題14:
A．powerfulB．harmfulC．gratefulD．stressful
小題15:
A．practicalB．limitedC．basicD．perfect
小題16:
A．withB．toC．a(chǎn)boutD．from
小題17:
A．straightB．smoothC．middleD．rough
小題18:
A．generalB．realisticC．differentD．negative
小題19:
A．talentB．timeC．moneyD．effort
小題20:
A．necessaryB．a(chǎn)wesomeC．worthlessD．a(chǎn)wful

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Cloud seeding is a method of artificially causing clouds to produce precipitation （降水） in the form of rain or snow．Cloud seeding has also been used in attempts to modify the severity of hail storms and hurricanes．The effectiveness of cloud seeding remains controversial （有爭議的）．but it continues to be used in some regions to try to increase rainfall for agriculture and to build snow packs for water supplies and power production．
Cloud seeding was developed by American scientists Irving Langmuir and Vincent Joseph Schaefer during and after World War II．Their work began as an effort to learn more about the buildup of ice on airplane wings, and eventually led them to attempt to create rainfall by releasing several pounds of crushed frozen carbon dioxide into a cloud from an airplane．In this form, the carbon dioxide is called dry ice．On November 13, 1946, the technique appeared to produce snow directly under the cloud; the snow then turned to rain as it fell to the ground．
For their experiment, Langmuir and Schaefer selected a supercooled cloud, one in which the water droplets remain liquid in subfreezing temperatures．Their theory was that small grains of dry ice falling through the cloud would cause tiny droplets of water vapor in the cloud to freeze into crystals that attracted more water vapor．Their theory proved to be correct and eventually the crystals became heavy enough to fall from the cloud as snow．As the snow reached the warmer temperatures closer to the ground, it melted and became rain．
Another scientist, Bernard Vonnegut, produced a method of cloud seeding using silver iodide （碘化銀）．He used particles of silver iodide because its crystal structure resembled that of ice in clouds．Silver
iodide also had practical advantages over frozen carbon dioxide It could be stored at room temperature
and did not require an airplane as a delivery mechanism．Instead, silver iodide crystals could be fired by
cannons （大炮） high into the air, where wind carried them into the clouds．
小題1:According to the text, Langmuir and Schaefer had intended to deal with__
A．how to freeze carbon dioxide                      
B．how to remove ice on plane wings
C．how to make weather forecast for the war             
D how to hide planes in clouds at war
小題2:What is the CORRECT order of the course for cloud seeding with dry ice?
a．snow becoming rain in wanner temperatures             b．crystals attracting more water vapor
c．crystals falling in the form of snow                     d．crystals becoming very heavy
e．freezing tiny droplets of water vapor into crystals
f．putting small grains of dry ice in the cloud
A．a(chǎn)-c-f-d-b-eB．b-f-e-a-c-d
C．f-e-b-d-c-aD．e-a-d-c-b-f
小題3:Bernard chose silver iodide as a method of cloud seeding because___．
A．it is much cheaper than dry iceB．it can be stored at any rooms
C．it can be sent into clouds by windD．it is similar
小題4:The best title for the passage may be "____"．
A．Cloud Seeding
B．Artificial Raining
C．Weather Changing
D．Cloud Gathering
小題5:How many methods of cloud seeding are mentioned in the passage?
A．three B．twoC．oneD．four

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most people know that awkward feeling when you walk into an elevator with other people and try not to make eye contact(接觸). But a new research suggests it may be down to a subconscious power struggle being played out as you make your way up and down.
A study found that people decide where they stand based on a micro social status，established within seconds of entering the lift.
Rebekah Rousi．a(chǎn) Ph. D．student in cognitive(認知)science，conducted an ethnographic(人種論)
Study of elevator behaviour in two of the tallest office buildings in Adelaide，Australia.As part of her research，she took a total of 30 lift rides in the two buildings，and discovered .There was an established order to where people tended to stand
In a blog she writes that more senior men seemed to direct themselves towards the back of the elevator She said：“In front of them were younger men，and in front of them were women of aII ages.”She also notice there
was a difference in where people directed their gaze(注視)half way through the ride．“Men watched the monitors，looked in the side mirrors(in one building)to see themseIves．And in the door mirrors(of the other building)to also watch others Women would watch the monitors and avoid eye contact with other users(unless in conversation)and the mirrors，”she writes．
She concluded it could be that people who are shyer stand toward the front，where they can’t see other passengers，whereas confident people stand in the back，where they have a  view of everyone else.
小題1:The passage is mainly about      
A. elevator riding manners   
B communication in the elevator
C. elevator riders’ standing positions 
D. micro social status in the elevator
小題2:The underlined word“it”in the first paragraph probably refers to“     ”
A．a(chǎn)n elevatorB．the new researchC．eye contactD．social status
小題3:A person who stands in the back of the lift is probably      
A confident    B shy    C honest
小題4:The conclusion of the research in the passage is          
A. subjective    B．objective    C critical     D doubtful

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most parents and teachers would get angry when they hear that teenagers listen to their iPods while preparing for exams. But pupils who listen to music when doing their homework may be, in fact, working hard.
Thirty three schools have downloaded specially written pop and rock songs for their 10,000 pupils who are studying for GCSE (初級畢業(yè)證書). The professionally recorded music, based on texts in English literature, teaches teenagers about themes in the GCSE curriculum (課程). Two young men set up “Revise”, the company that produced the songs, and worked with teachers to make sure the lyrics (歌詞) reflected the curriculum. Some of the songs were written by Geraint Brown, a director, and they are performed by professional singers and musicians.
Songs for the GCSE science and maths lessons are also being developed in 36 schools. They have also started using the program, called, “LearnThruMusic”.
Dave Matthews, the head of Hawthorn High School in the South Wales valleys, said the program aimed at helping teenagers who are unwilling to study. He said, “There are lots of pupils who don’t have a high level of home support. It’s almost cool to say you have no need to find a support and we have got to change that. With this, they don’t have to be sitting at their desk at home. They can be outside, walking around or even listening to it on the bus, which is very convenient for them.” Everyone has a phone, MP3 or CD player, and they’re more likely to listen to these than pick up a book. “I think everyone would agree that music had an important influence on us when growing up. Both boys and girls are very good at remembering the words and dancing to the music in the charts. There’s no one thing that will successfully engage (使…產(chǎn)生興趣) every child, and some of them will make little or no use of this. But the fact that they don’t have to do any extra work makes this a very good deal for a kid,” Dave Matthews added.
小題1:The pop and rock songs used in 36 schools ________.
A．were written for the students to relax themselves
B．made most parents and teachers angry
C．were specially written for hardworking students
D．were closely related to the curriculum
小題2:Which benefit of the program is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．It saves students much extra work.
B．It offers different ways of learning.
C．It makes remembering easier.
D．It improves family support to kids.
小題3:Which of the following can be inferred in the passage?
A．The program is not expected to have equal effect on every student.
B．Some students used the song as an excuse for not reading textbooks.
C．It’s more difficult to create songs for science and maths lessons.
D．Students involved in the program needn’t go to school every day.
小題4:Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Special-written Songs — A Reason Why Students Should Listen to IPods.
B．Special-written Songs — A New Way to Learn the Curriculum.
C．Special-written Songs — A Substitution for Textbooks.
D．Special-written Songs — Mothers’ New Concern.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You have some great ideas. But they don’t come out because of what your friends say or because you think that only a few people can be creative geniuses(天才). And, you, of course, think that you couldn’t be one of them. But actually, this is not true at all.
Anyone who is a creative genius will tell you that creativity is very much like a muscle that needs to be developed. If you don’t learn how to develop creative thinking, this skill, just like a muscle, will become poor and useless. On the other hand, keep working at it, and this skill will soon be ready for action whenever you need it. So how do you develop your own personal style of creative thinking?
You should realize that your brain has a greater capacity (容量) and a higher speed than the world’s biggest and fastest computer. So it’s important to get as much information as you can every day. Read, watch and listen to everything around you —good and bad. The more you know, the more you’ll want to know, and the more your brain will be exercised.
Try something new every day and let your experiences show you more about the world and people around you. You need to step out of your comfort zone (舒適地帶) more and more each day.
Follow these suggestions, and begin thinking beyond your "limits" from today. You’ll soon have a life full of interesting and exciting adventures. Who knows, your idea might be the next great idea to change the world.
小題1:Most people can’t be creative geniuses because they _______.
A．don’t have great ideas
B．don’t want to develop their ideas
C．a(chǎn)re too shy to talk about their ideas
D．don’t believe they can be
小題2:The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph means ________.
A．creative thinkingB．the muscleC．personal styleD．great capacity
小題3:What do we learn from the passage?
A．No computer can store as much information as human’s brain.
B．It is not necessary to remember everything around you.
C．Try something new, as long as you are comfortable with it.
D．It is harder to exercise the brain than the muscles
小題4:The passage is intended to tell readers _________.
A．how they can learn from creative geniuses
B．a(chǎn)bout ways to develop their creative thinking
C．a(chǎn)bout the importance of exercising the muscles
D．the reasons why they can’t be creative geniuses

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