Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress.This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress related disorders.
Until now，psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fightorflight” reaction to stress.In other words，individuals either react with aggressive behavior，such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”)，or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”)．However，the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress.While men often react to stress in the fightorflight response，women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is，they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”)，and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”)．
Scientists have long known that in the fightorflight reaction to stress，an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body.The UCLA research team suggests that the female tendorbefriend response is also based on a hormone.This hormone，called oxytocin，has been studied in the context of childbirth，but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress.The principal investigator，Dr.Shelley E．Taylor，explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer，more relaxed，more social，and less anxious.” While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin，its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior，the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed.They may phone relatives or friends，or ask directions if they are lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work.The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet.For a typical mother，coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stressrelated disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior.The tendandbefriend regulatory(調(diào)節(jié)的) system may protect women against stress，and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
1.The UCLA study shows that in response to stress，men are more likely than women to ______.
A．turn to friends for help
B．solve a conflict calmly
C．find an escape from reality
D．seek comfort from children
2.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?
A．Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.
B．Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.
C．Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.
D．Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.
3.What can be learned from the passage?
A．Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.
B．In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.
C．Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.
D．The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.
4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．How men and women get over stress
B．How men and women suffer from stress
C．How researchers overcome stress problems
D．How researchers handle stress related disorders
科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學(xué)年北京懷柔區(qū)高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Most of the time, people wear hats to protect themselves from harsh weather conditions. Hats are also worn to show politeness and as signs of social position. But nowadays, hats, especially women's hats, are much more than that. More exactly, hats have changed into fashion and style symbols by many movie stars. What's more, people now consider many different features(特點) when choosing even a simple hat. Many designers point out that, when choosing the right hat, it's important to consider the color of your skin as well as your hair, your height, and the shape of your face.
First of all, the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair. For instance, black hats should be avoided if you are dark skinned. If a purple hat is placed on top of red hair, one will look as attractive as a summer flower. Second, the height of the hat is also an important point. Tall women should not go for hats with tall crowns, just as short women should choose hats with upturned brims to give the look of height. Third, and most importantly, the shape of the face decides the kind of hat one should pick. A small, gentle hat that fits the head looks good on a small face. However, women with big, round faces should choose a different style.
As the saying goes, "Fine feathers make fine birds." A good hat can not only help your dress but also support your features, so why not choose the best possible one next time you want to be in public?
1.What does the underlined word “harsh” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. good B. strange C. poor D. different
2.According to the article, which of the following women would look most attractive?
A. A big-faced woman who wears a small, nice hat.
B. A short red-haired woman who wears a purple hat.
C. A tall woman who wears a hat with a huge upturned brim.
D. A small dark-skinned woman who wears a black hat with a tall crown.
3.What does the last paragraph suggest?
A. Hats are worn on the head to keep warm.
B. Hats can help you look better in public.
C. Hats are not as important as character.
D. Hats can make you look much taller.
4.What is the best title for the article?
A. How to Show Your Social Position.
B. How to Improve Your Features.
C. How to Choose a Proper Hat.
D. How to Design a Nice Hat.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學(xué)年山西太原高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：單項填空
The Facebook CEO, Mark Zuckerberg' s donation will have a great on the next
generation.
A. influence B. insurance
C. expression D. evidence
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆云南玉溪第一中學(xué)高三上9月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Census Bureau (人口普查局) data released Thursday show that 48 of the 50 most populous (人口稠密的) U.S. cities have grown since 2010, compared with only 40 of the top 50 in the first two years after the 2000 Census. Of the top 100, 93 have grown since 2010, compared with just 72 a decade ago.
Many of the biggest, such as New York, Houston, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego and Dallas, are outpacing the nation’s 1.7% growth rate since 2010.
“Urban America is recovering faster than more remote places,” said Robert Lang, a professor of urban affairs.
Only two big cities - Detroit and Cleveland - lost population between 2010 and 2012.
The urban recovery is led by mid-sized cities including Austin and Fort Worth and Charlotte. Austin grew 6.6% in two years, becoming the USA’s 11th-largest city. In 2000, it was No. 17.
Other trends:
• New York City grew 2%, adding about 161,500 people since 2010. By far it is the USA’s most populous city.
• The population of New Orleans continues to grow. In 2005 a terrible natural disaster happened to the city, causing the population to decrease. Now it has a population of three hundred and sixty-nine thousand. The number has grown by 7.4% since 2010.
• Government budget crunches (緊縮) have put state capitals in difficulty. Half are behind the growth rate of their regions.
Perhaps the biggest exception to the capital crunch is Austin. It has grown more than 26% since 2000. Population expert William Frey says Austin enjoys a number of qualities that make it attractive. It’s a high-tech city with a state university. And it’s in Texas, an attractive place for newcomers. “In some ways it’s a model of what other cities would like to become,” he says.
Frey notes that Charlotte, which grew 5.4% since 2010 has grown into a high-tech and financial center whose industries do business not just with those in other U.S. cities but with the rest of the world.
1.The statistics in Paragraph 1 suggest that _____.
A. there were fewer cities in the USA a decade ago
B. remote areas in the USA have more people now
C. the population in the USA has grown since 2010
D. many big cities in the USA face population problems
2.William Frey thinks Austin’s growth _____.
A. is due to its education
B. is the steadiest in the USA
C. attracts well-educated people
D. deserves the attention of other cities
3.According to the text, Charlotte _____.
A. is a political center
B. has grown slowly since 2010
C. is the USA’s 11th-largest city
D. does business at home and abroad
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆陜西西安市高三上學(xué)期第二次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words, “a brilliantly （精彩地）written book”. However, he then went on to talk about Mr. Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.
And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t. In the World Book Day’s “Report on Guilty Secrets”, Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out), I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant.
The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven’t read him, but haven’t lied about it either) and Herman Melville.
Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in–depth!
But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J. K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).
1.How did the author find his friend a book liar?
A. By judging his manner of speaking.
B. By looking into his background.
C. By mentioning a famous name.
D. By discussing the book itself.
2.Which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the World Book Day report?
A. Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list.
B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.
C. The author admitted having read 9 books
D. Dreams From My Father is hardly read.
3.By lying about reading, a person hopes to .
A. control the conversation
B. appear knowledgeable
C. learn about the book
D. make more friends
4.What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers?
A. Favorable. B. Uncaring
C. Doubtful D. Friendly
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆山東單縣第五中學(xué)高三上9月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
The International Painting Contest on Google’s homepage in 2015 may look pretty strange, but it spotlightings a very serious issue: clean water, which is unusual for an 11-year-old from Long Island.
Audrey Zhang, a fifth-grader from Levittown, N.Y, is the winner of this year’s Doodle 4 Google contest, rising to the top of some 100, 000 entries on the theme of “draw one thing to make the world a better place.”
Her piece, titled “Back to Mother Nature,” describes a detailed water-cleaning machine. Zhang worked with a team of artists at Google to animate(使……生動)her drawing.
“To make the world a better place, I came up with a transformative water purifier, a machine used to remove dirty or harmful substances,” Google quoted Zhang as saying. “It takes in dirty and polluted water from rivers, lakes and even oceans, then massively transforms the water into clean, safe and pure water. When humans and animals drink this water, they will live a healthier life.”
She created a whole world around the device—one populated by humans, a whale in a top hat and dragons.
Zhang, s piece is “so vivid and so rich and so full and so complete,’’ Google Doodle team leader Ryan Germick told the Washington Post. “Every leaf seemed to have life in it.”
Along with having her artwork featured on Google’s homepage, Zhang wins a $30,000 college scholarship. In addition, her school will receive a $50,000 Google for Education technology grant, and the company is donating $20,000 in her name to a charity devoted to bringing clean water to schools in Bangladesh.
On Sunday, the night before her work was revealed on net, Zhang told Newsday she was excited by the big win, but said she wouldn’t be awake when her art first went online at midnight.
“I have school-tomorrow, so I can’t stay up late,” she told the paper. 
1. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. The winner and her work in the painting contest.
B. The team of artists at Google to animate drawings.
C. The painting contest of Google’s homepage in 2015.
D. The water-cleaning machine in the painting contest.
2.According to the passage, we know that______.
A. Audrey Zhang is creative and self-disciplined
B. a water-cleaning device was made in the contest
C. $50, 000 will be donated in Audrey Zhang’s name
D. Zhang’s piece was printed in all major newspapers
3.The underlined word in Paragraph l probably means “_____”.
A. put up with B. 1ook for ward to
C. breakaway from D. focus attention on
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆遼寧省高三上學(xué)期第二次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：單項填空
To their delight, their newly-developed products were not _____ for the demand as soon as they went on the market.
A. qualified B. flexible C. available D. adequate
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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆黑龍江哈爾濱第六中學(xué)高三第二次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Hidden in our subconsciousness (潛意識) is a perfect mental picture. We see ourselves on a long trip that goes across the continent. We are traveling by train. Out the windows, we think in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing, of cattle feeding on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, or row upon row of corn and wheat, of flat lands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hills, of city skylines and village halls.
But uppermost in our minds is the final destination. On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station. Bands will be playing and flags waving. Once we get there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw（拼圖玩具） puzzle. How restlessly we pace the aisles(通道), condemning the minutes for loitering --waiting, waiting, waiting for the station.
“When we reach the station, that will be it!” we cry. “When I’m 38.” “When I buy a new 450SL Mercdes Benz!” “When I put the last kid through college.” “When I have paid off the loan!” “When I get a promotion.” “When I reach the age of retirement, I shall live happily ever after! ”
Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all. The true joy of life is the trip. The station is only a dream. It constantly outdistances us.
“Relish(appreciate) the moment” is a good motto, actually it isn’t the burdens of today that drive man mad. It is the regret over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today.
So stop pacing the aisles and counting the miles. Instead, climb more mountains, eat more ice cream, swim more rivers, watch more sunsets, laugh more and cry less. Life must be lived as we go along. Then the station will come soon enough.
1.Why does the author describe the mental picture?
A．To lead us into a perfect world.
B．To let people enjoy the scenery.
C．To introduce an actual trip of his.
D．To compare it to our life’s journey.
2.How do people feel when they’re on their trip?
A．Puzzled. B．Happy. C．Relaxed. D．Impatient.
3.What does the author mean by “Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today” in Line 2 Paragraph 5?
A．Regret and fear are responsible for the loss of today.
B．We must be careful of the two thieves: regret and fear.
C．regret and fear stop us from enjoying our present life.
D．We’re frequently challenged by the two : regret and fear.
4.Why does the author write the passage?
A．To teach us a good lesson.
B．To tell us the right attitude to life.
C．To advice us to forget our worries.
D．To stop us wandering along the aisles.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學(xué)年吉林延邊二中高二上學(xué)期期末英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential . Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.
Meal Plans Available
Continental Breakfast
Breakfast and Dinner
Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner
It’s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal, bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host’s permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
Self?catering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a room?-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long?stay student. However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.
1.The passage is probably written for ___________.
A. foreigners hoping to build British culture
B. hosts willing to receive foreign students
C. English learners applying to live in English homes
D. travellers planning to visit families in London
2.Why do some people choose self?catering accommodation?
A. To enrich their knowledge of English.
C. To enjoy much more freedom.
B. To experience a warmer family atmosphere.
D. To entertain friends as they like.
3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A. The business centre of London is probably in Zone 1.
B. Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2.
C. Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre.
D. Accommodation in the city centre is not provided.
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