19.We may all like to consider ourselves free spirits.But a study of the tracks left by 50,000mobile phone users over three months has finally proved that the truth is otherwise.
"We are all in one way or another boring,"says Albert-Laszlo Barabasi at the Center for Complex Network Research at Northeastern University in Boston,who co-wrote the study."Spontaneous individuals are largely absent from the population,"
Barabasi and colleagues used three months'worth of data from a mobile phone network to track the mobile phone towers each person's phone connected to each hour of the day,showing their general location.They conclude that regardless of whether a person typically remains close to home or wanders far and wide,their movements are probably predictable as much as 93percent of the time.
Surprisingly,the mobile phone data showed that individuals'movements were more or less as predictable at weekends as on weekdays,suggesting that routine(日程) is rooted in human nature rather than being an effect of work patterns.
The mobile phone records were handled to make out the most visited locations for each user.Then the probability of finding a given user at his most visited locations at each hour through the day was calculated.
People were to be found in their most visited location for any given hour 70percent of the time.Not surprisingly,the figure increased at night,and decreased at lunchtime and in the early evening,when most people were returning home from work.
The team analyzed the randomness(隨意性) of people's traces to show it was possible in theory to predict the average person's places as much as 93percent of the time.
"Say your routine movement is from home to the coffee shop to work:if you are at home and then go to the coffee shop it's easy for me to predict that you are going to work,"says co-author Nicholas Blumm.
This predictability was not much affected by differences in age,gender,language spoken or whether a person lived in a rural or urban setting.
58.The"spontaneous individuals"are most probably people whoB.
A.a(chǎn)re boring in some way
B.a(chǎn)ct with much freedom
C.can live without a mobile phone
D.rely much on a mobile phone in life
59.A phone user's location is shown byC.
A.which mobile phone network he is connected to
B.the content of his every phone call
C.which mobile phone tower he is connected to
D.how often he uses the phone every day
60.According to the sixth paragraph,a person is more likely toD at night than in the early evening.
A.return home from work
B.be found at home
C.take home as his most visited place
D.go to his most visited place
61.What is the passage mainly about?B
A.The factors that help determine one's routine.
B.The predictability of one's routine.
C.The influence of mobile phones on one's routine.
D.The new application of mobile phone.
分析 本文為科教類說明文,很多人認(rèn)為自己具有自由精神,但是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果并非如此;研究通過運用手機定位的功能,分析數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)任何時段70%的情況下都能在常常去的地方找到那個人;這個數(shù)據(jù)夜里會上漲,即超過70%,在午餐時間和清晨會下降;由此說明,我們的日常行為并非隨意的,這項結(jié)果不受年齡、性別、語言和居住地點的影響;
解答 58.答案是B.詞義猜測題;根據(jù)第一段可知,我們都喜歡認(rèn)為自己具有自由精神,但是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果并非如此,即我們并不具有free spirits(自由精神);下文分析研究結(jié)果說明,大多數(shù)時候能夠預(yù)測人們的運動,由此推斷我們都不是"自由自在行動的人";因此"Spontaneous individuals are largely absent from the population,"指人口中缺少的是自由自在行動的人",故選B.
59.答案是C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題;根據(jù)第二段中"Barabasi and colleagues used three months'worth of data from a mobile phone network to track the mobile phone towers each person's phone connected to each hour of the day,showing their general location."可知,Barabasi和他的同事運用手機網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的數(shù)據(jù)追蹤手機信號塔每天每個時段連接的手機,說明他們的位置;可見,通過分析某人連接的手機信號塔可以確定一個人的位置,故選C.
60.答案是D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題;根據(jù)第六段中"People were to be found in their most visited location for any given hour 70percent of the time.Not surprisingly,the figure increased at night,and decreased at lunchtime and in the early evening"可知,任何時段70%的情況下都能在常常去的地方找到那個人;這個數(shù)據(jù)夜里會上漲,即超過70%,在午餐時間和清晨會下降;由此判斷人們晚上更會去常去的地方;選D.
61.答案是B.主旨大意題;本文介紹了很多人認(rèn)為自己具有自由精神,但是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果并非如此;下文分析研究結(jié)果說明,大多數(shù)時候能夠預(yù)測人們的運動,我們的日常行為并非隨意的;這項結(jié)果不受年齡、性別、語言和居住地點的影響;由此判斷,本文主要介紹人們?nèi)粘P袨榈目深A(yù)測性,故選B.
點評 科普文通常學(xué)術(shù)性較強,結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),往往采用總-分-總或總-分的結(jié)構(gòu),且每段的第一句話大多是主旨句.如果抓住了科普文的首尾和每段的第一句話,那么整篇文章的中心思想便了然于心.在做細(xì)節(jié)題時根據(jù)題干定位細(xì)節(jié),在語境中正確理解原句,然后對照選項做出合理的判斷.