Question

【題目】 Please take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what you’re going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn’t it feel good to say it out loud? Don’t you feel one step closer already? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.

Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you’d actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges(認(rèn)可) it, psychologists have found it’s called a “social reality”. The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it’s already done. And then, because you’ve felt that satisfaction, you’re less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary. This goes against the traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?

In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a Professor of Psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2009, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests—everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment(許諾) to this goal to the room, and half didn’t. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Now those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.

【1】What do the words “social reality” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A.Completion of the goal.B.Necessary hard work.

C.People's acknowledgement.D.A sense of satisfaction.

【2】What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?

A.Writing down the goal is very helpful.

B.Achieving personal goal needs more time.

C.Keeping the goal secret makes people work harder.

D.Making the goal public makes people less satisfied.

【3】How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about people’s goal?

A.By giving figures.B.By giving examples.

C.By making a survey.D.By making comparison tests.

【4】What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?

A.You will be more confident.B.You will not gain satisfaction.

C.You are less likely to realize it.D.You’ll be much more motivated.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章講述了將目標(biāo)告訴別人之后得到的滿足感會讓你不太可能完成目標(biāo)，而將目標(biāo)保密會讓你更努力的完成目標(biāo)。

【1】詞義推測題。根據(jù)后文The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it‘s already done.可知，social reality是大腦被欺騙感覺目標(biāo)已經(jīng)完成了，也就是說social reality意味著目標(biāo)的完成。故選A項。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Now those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average可知，Peter Gollwitzer通過做實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有宣布自己的目標(biāo)的人堅持完成目標(biāo)的時間更長，這說明他想告訴人們將目標(biāo)保密會讓人們更加努力。故選C項。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，Peter Gollwitzer做了一個實驗，163個實驗對象都寫下了他們的個人目標(biāo)，然后他們中的一半宣布了他們對這個目標(biāo)的承諾，而一半沒有。然后比較了兩種實驗對象的結(jié)果。這是一個對照實驗。故選D項。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.可知，將目標(biāo)告訴別人之后得到的滿足感會讓你不太可能完成目標(biāo)，因此如果你將自己的目標(biāo)告訴朋友，你會不太可能實現(xiàn)這個目標(biāo)。故選C項。