Vans, Keds, Dollies—they sound like the names of rock bands，but if you have teenagers, you'll know they’re actually the latest in teenage footwear.
But experts are now warning that the current shoe fashions will be causing teenagers discomfort in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future. Here, the experts identify the problems caused by teenagers’ shoe choice.
KEDS/VANS

Slip­on shoes with elastic (彈性的) sides are particularly popular among teenage boys—with Keds and Vans the most sought-after brands.
The main problem is that they are just too flat—so flat that the heel, which strikes the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful.
BALLET PUMPS

The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems.
“As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing an awkward gait (步法) , this leads to short—and long-term problems such as calluses (繭子), heel and knee pain.”
WEDGES AND STILETTOS

These shoes can also cause problems with gait. They may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearer’s body weight forward, making them very unstable.
Teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with constant back pain.
SCHOOL SHOES
So what do podiatrists (足科醫(yī)生)have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear?
Something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on，with a small heel and a deep toe­box that does not press the toes，such as Clark's，Marks & Spencer or Rhino.
If your teen insists on wearing “bad” shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics(矯形器) in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often transform their walk and halt the damage.
小題1:Of all the shoes mentioned in the passage, which can cause the worst problems?
A．Ballet Pumps.B．Wedges & Stilettos.C．Keds and VansD．Marks & Spencer.
小題2:The underlined word “halt” in the last paragraph probably means________.
A．increaseB．stopC．worsenD．cure
小題3:From this passage we can infer________.
A．podiatrists are expert at producing branded shoes
B．fashionable shoes all have orthotics in them
C．experts are strongly against wearing popular shoes
D．trendy shoes may ruin teenager’ health

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:D

試題分析：這篇文章通過列舉幾種鞋說明時髦的鞋可能會毀壞青少年的健康。
小題1:細節(jié)題：根據(jù)BALLET PUMPS The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems. “As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing an awkward gait (步法) , this leads to short—and long-term problems such as calluses (繭子), heel and knee pain.”可知Ballet Pumps造成的問題最嚴重，故選A。
小題2:猜詞題：根據(jù)These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often transform their walk and halt the damage. 可猜出“halt”的意思是停止，故選B。
小題3:推斷題：根據(jù)If your teen insists on wearing “bad” shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics(矯形器) in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often transform their walk and halt the damage.可知時髦的鞋可能會毀壞青少年的健康，故選D。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Businesses are witnessing a difficult time，which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green.However，shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.
Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago，while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.
This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves.And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly.Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies，with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.
Harry Morrison，chief executive(主管)of the Carbon Trust，sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now.But from environmental considerations，the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time.In addition，cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium­term benefit for the brand.”
Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint，as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions(排放)．Those that have taken early action will have a head start.More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible.This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.
The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing.“When companies are granted(授予) the standard，they can use a logo(標(biāo)識) in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions，” Mr.Morrison said.                                                  (2010·福建，C)
小題1:What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.
B．Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.
C．Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.
D．Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.
小題2:The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．
A．a(chǎn)ffectB．changeC．disturbD．reject
小題3:According to Harry Morrison，businesses ________.
A．will benefit from cutting carbon emissions
B．should buy carbon allowances for shoppers
C．a(chǎn)re required to make up for their carbon emissions
D．have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere
小題4:We can learn from the passage that businesses will________.
A．have a strong desire to reduce costs
B．use the same logo in their marketing
C．gain advantages by taking early action
D．a(chǎn)ttract more shoppers by storing goods

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

New findings from Queen’s University biologists show that in the plant world, bigger isn’t necessarily better.
“Until now most of the thinking has suggested that to be a good competitor in the forest, you have to be a big plant,” says Queen’s Biology professor Lonnie Aarssen. “But our research shows it’s virtually the other way around.”
Previous studies showed that larger plant species monopolize(壟斷) sunlight, water and other resources, limiting the number of smaller plant species that can exist around them. But the research has proved that this is not generally the case in natural vegetation.
In the Queen’s project, PhD student Laura Keating targeted the largest “host plants” of 16 woody plant species growing in the Okanogan Valley, British Columbia. The research team calculated the number and variety of plants that neighbored each large host plant. They then randomly selected plots without host plants and calculated the plant species there as well. The research showed that the massive trees have no effect on the number of species with which they coexist.
Smaller plants have many advantages over their overbearing neighbors, Professor Aarssen notes. Larger species generate physical space niches under their shelters where smaller species grow well. Smaller plants are much more effective than large trees at using available resources. They also produce seeds at a much younger age and higher rate than their bigger counterparts, and settle down much more quickly—thuscompeting with the newly-born plants of larger species.
小題1: What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Smaller plants may have many advantages over their neighbors.
B．In the plant world, the bigger is better than the smaller one.
C．To be a good competitor in the forest, you have to be a small plant.
D．Queen’s University’s students made a new research.
小題2: The underlined word “this” in Para. 3 refers to the view that _____.
A．large and small plants can grow together in harmony
B．larger plant species limit their smaller neighbors’ growth
C．small plant species have their own advantages
D．large and small plant species can never coexist
小題3:What can we learn according to the text?
A．Larger plant species limit the number of smaller ones around them.
B．Smaller plants can limit the number of plant species around them.
C．Smaller plants produce seeds at a higher rate than their bigger counterparts.
D．Larger trees are more effective than small plants at using available resources.
小題4:Which is the CORRECT order in the Queen’s project?
a. Randomly selected plots without host plants and-calculated the plant species.
b. Calculated the number and variety of plants that neighbored each large host plant.
c. Selected the largest individuals or "host plants" of 16 woody plant species.
A．a(chǎn), b, cB．c, b, a
C．b, c, aD．a(chǎn), c, b

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Schooling Matters
March 25, 2014  Chengdu  Michelle Obama
You see, the truth is that I grew up like many of you. My mom, my dad, my brother and I, we lived in a tiny apartment in Chicago, which is one of the largest cities in America. My father worked at the local water plant…
While we certainly weren’t rich, my parents had big dreams for me and my brother. They had only a high school education themselves, but they were determined to send us both to universities.
So they poured all of their love and all of their hope into us, and they worked hard. They saved every penny. And I know that wasn’t easy for them, especially for my father. You see, my father had serious illness called multiple sclerosis(多發(fā)性硬化癥). And as he got sicker, it got harder for him to walk, and it took him longer to get dressed in the morning.
But no matter how tired he felt, no matter how much pain he was in, my father hardly ever missed a day of work, because he was determined to give me and my brother a better life. And every day, like so many of you, I felt the weight of my parents’ sacrifices on my shoulders. Every day, I wanted to make them proud.
So, while most American kids attend public schools near their homes, when it was time for me to attend high school, I took an exam and got into a special public high school where I could get a better education. But the school was very far from my home, so I had to get up early every morning and ride a bus for an hour, sometimes an hour and a half if the weather was bad. And every afternoon, I’d ride that same bus back home and then immediately start my homework, often studying late into the night – and sometimes I would wake up at 4:30 or 5:00 in the morning to study even more.
And it wasn’t easy. But whenever I got tired or discouraged, I would just think about how hard my parents were working for me. And I would remember something my mother always told me – she said, “A good education is something that no one can take away from you.”
小題1:The passage can be sorted as a        ．
A．self-introductionB．short storyC．news reportD．speech draft (草稿)
小題2:Which of the following is TRUE about Michelle Obama and her family?
A．Her parents were poor but had good educational backgrounds.
B．She attended a public high school near her home.
C．Her father suffered a serious disease and became disabled.
D．She was aware of her parents’ sacrifices and expectations.
小題3:Which of the following words best describes Michelle’s father?
A．Optimistic.B．Humorous.C．Strong-mindedD．Generous
小題4:What does Michelle mainly want to tell readers in this excerpt?
A．We should work hard and get good educations.
B．Our parents always have high expectations for us.
C．She is an ordinary person from an ordinary family.
D．The road to the US First Lady is not easy.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.
Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females ('befriend").
Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more  social, and less anxious." While men also secrete(分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(調(diào)節(jié)的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
小題1:The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _____ .
A．turn to friends for helpB．solve a conflict calmly
C．find an escape from realityD．seek comfort from children
小題2:Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?
A．Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.
B．Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.
C．Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.
D．Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.
小題3:What can be learned from the passage?
A．Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.
B．In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.
C．Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.
D．The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.
小題4:Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．How men and women get over stress
B．How men and women suffer from stress
C．How researchers overcome stress problems
D．How researchers handle stress-related disorders

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Want to travel as cheaply as possible while enjoying the great scenery as much as you like?
Backpacking is the way. As the most popular traveling choice among young western people, backpacking allows you to travel at your own free will. Carrying a tent, sleeping bag and clothes, backpackers also need to pack an attitude that will help them deal with many mental and physical challenges.
It is a thrill to put our ability to test and challenge ourselves with sorts of difficulties we might come across. So, backpacking is something young people can hardly deny.
Young people in Europe often travel around by train. Now, with plane tickets dropping in price, more are traveling to distant countries, such as Australia and China. And some just travel within their own countries.
But no matter where a backpacker travels, planning in advance is important if he or she wants to enjoy the trip.
Clothing
In summer, light, waterproof clothes are best. Backpackers must remember to travel lightly and not pack too many clothes.
Medicine
There are many medicines, especially for summer, such as those for sunstroke, snake bites and mosquitoes. Others are useful in every season, such as those for common colds, poisoning and diarrhea.
Cards
Three types of cards are of great value for backpacks: student Identity Card, personal ID and a credit card.
A student ID card can be helpful for saving money. It often gets train tickets and entrance tickets for cheaper prices in many Western countries.
Personal ID card can, not only get you out of trouble with local police, but also prove useful in all sorts of other situations.
Carrying a credit card can be a safe way of carrying money, as cash can easily get lost, stolen or wet.
And of course, don’t forget to enjoy your trip!
小題1:What does the underlined sentence mean?
A．Backpackers also need to be in high spirits when they want to travel.
B．Backpackers may also face dangerous situations.
C．Backpackers also need to talk with doctors about their traveling.
D．Backpackers need to make preparation for many kinds of difficulty in advance.
小題2:What does the underlined word “waterproof” mean?
A．Easy to wash.B．Not letting water go through.C．Washed without water.D．Used in water.
小題3:If you are stopped by a policeman in the street, you should show ______ to the police.
A．your student IDB．your credit cardC．your personal IDD．your passport
小題4:What is of most advantage to backpackers?
A．They can travel very easily.
B．They won’t worry about where to live.
C．They can have the chance to take some adventures.
D．They can take some physical exercise.
小題5:What is the author’s purpose to write this passage?
A．To give some ideas about traveling.
B．To encourage the young to travel.
C．To tell people how to avoid something unpleasant.
D．To offer some useful advice for traveling.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

“It hurts me more than you，’’and “This is for your own good．’’These are the statements my mother used to make years ago when I had to learn Latin，clean my room，stay home and do homework.
That was before we entered the permissive period in educafion in which we decided it was all right not to push our children to achieve their best in school．The schools and the educators made it easy on us．They thought that it was all right to be parents who take a let-alone policy. We stopped making our children do homework. We gave them calculators，turned on the television，left the teaching to the teachers and went on vacation．
Now teachers，faced with children who have been developing at their own pace for the past 15 years，are realizing we’ve made a terrible mistake．One such teacher is Sharon Klompus who says of her students-“so passive”-and-wonders what happened．Nothing was demanded of them，she believes. Television，says Klompus，contributes to children’s passivity．“We’re not training kids to work any more,” says Klompus．“we’re talking about a generation of kids who’ve never been hurt or hungry．They have learned somebody will always do it for them. Instead of saying ‘go look it up’，you tell them the answer．It takes greater energy to say no to a kid．”
Yes，it does．It takes energy and it takes work. It’s time for parents to end their vacation and come back to work．It’s time to take the car away, to turn the TV off, to tell them it hurts you more than them but it's for their own good．It’s time to start telling them no again.
小題1:Why are children becoming more inactive in study?
A．Because they watch TV too often
B．Because they have done too much homework．
C．Because they have to fulfill too many duties．
D．Because teachers are too strict with them．
小題2:To such children as described in the passage         
A．it is easier to say no than to say yes
B．neither is easy-to say yes or to say no
C．it is easier to say yes than to say no
D．neither is difficult-to say yes or to say no
小題3:We learn from the passage that the author’s mother used to lay emphasis on       
A．1earning Latin
B．natural development
C．discipline
D．education at school
小題4:By “permissive period in education’’the author means a time         ．
A．when children are allowed to do what they wish to
B．when everything can be taught at school
C．when every child can be educated
D．when ehildren are permitted to receive education
小題5:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Parents should leave their children alone，
B．Kids should have more activities at school．
C．It’s time to be stricter with our kids．
D．Parents should always set a good example to their kids．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing (引證) older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is slow to learn that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays against funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem (自尊). The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”
Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation (自我肯定). In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think of positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治療) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (靜思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic viewpoint. Call it the power of negative thinking. 
小題1:The first paragraph is written _________.
A．to raise an argument about positive thinking
B．to introduce the power of positive thinking
C．to encourage people to have positive thoughts
D．to introduce the $11 billion self-help industry
小題2:According to the study of the Canadian researchers, _________.
A．positive thinking is not as powerful as negative thinking
B．encouraging positive thinking may actually discourage people
C．happy people can think positively while unhappy people can’t
D．getting people to think positively can strengthen their confidence
小題3:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．You are pointing out the mistakes he has made.
B．You are reminding him that he is not intelligent.
C．You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
D．You are showing he has great potential in spite of faults.
小題4:We can learn from the last paragraph that _________.
A．negative feelings must be got rid of
B．there’s no point in thinking positively
C．it doesn’t make sense to think negatively
D．negative thinking is not always negative

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

How the Grand Canyon (大峽谷) was created remains one of the geology’s greatest mysteries. Some evidence suggests that the process was a gradual one in which the Colorado River (which runs through the canyon) slowly cut deeper and deeper into the ground over millions of years. But volcanic rock samples taken from the canyon now suggest that the canyon was down-cut instead.
Down-cutting is when a flood of water rushes over a landscape (地形) with enough force to cut deeply into the ground and leaves behind a canyon. Such a flood is usually released when a natural or man-made dam (堤壩) bursts.
Robert Webb, a research geologist, says natural dams seem to have formed and broken across the Colorado River several times during the last million years. The dams were built when lava(熔巖) from the eruptions of nearby volcanoes flowed into the river. The lava hardened into hard rocks and blocked the river, causing it to back up and form a lake. Each time the lake grew so huge that it broke the rock dam, releasing a flash flood that furthered the down-cutting process and deepened the canyon.
Down-cutting is not just an earthly event. Satellite photos sent back from Mars suggest that the process has happened there, too, say many other researchers.
The photos, taken by the Mars Global Surveyor, indicate that an enormous lake existed on Mars 3.5 billion years ago. The lake spilled into a large nearby hole. One edge of the hole broke, releasing a flash flood that quickly carved out a grand canyon.
The existence of down-cutting on Mars is just one more piece of evidence that the cold, dry planet was once warm and wet.
小題1:In the past, deep canyons were believed to have formed _______.
A．a(chǎn)s a result of a sudden break of volcanoes
B．due to river flows over millions of years
C．owing to the burst of artificial dams
D．thanks to our ancestors’ creative work
小題2:According to the passage, which of the following statements is TURE?
A．Several volcanoes broke out on Mars directly creating grand canyons.
B．Several great lakes existed on the upper parts of the Colorado River.
C．People built high dams on the upper parts of the Colorado River.
D．The Colorado River crossed the Grand Canyon to form down-cutting.
小題3:From the last three paragraphs we learn that _______.
A．there are great lakes on Mars
B．there are active volcanoes on Mars
C．there might be cities on Mars
D．there might be life on Mars
小題4:The passage can be titled as _______.
A．Lakes on Earth and Mars
B．The Cause of Lake Formation
C．The Force of Dam Breaking
D．Canyons—Results of Flood Cutting

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