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Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.
Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females ('befriend").
Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more  social, and less anxious." While men also secrete(分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(調節(jié)的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
小題1:The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _____ .
A．turn to friends for helpB．solve a conflict calmly
C．find an escape from realityD．seek comfort from children
小題2:Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?
A．Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.
B．Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.
C．Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.
D．Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.
小題3:What can be learned from the passage?
A．Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.
B．In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.
C．Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.
D．The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.
小題4:Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．How men and women get over stress
B．How men and women suffer from stress
C．How researchers overcome stress problems
D．How researchers handle stress-related disorders

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:A

【文章大意】本文是一篇科技調查報告。本文主要介紹男女對壓力反應的區(qū)別和原因以及如何克服壓力。
小題1:根據第二段“men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response”和“they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight")”可判斷男人更可能從現實中逃脫出來。
【考點定位】細節(jié)推斷題。
小題2:根據第三段 an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body和men also secrete(分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones可判斷，激素扮演重要角色，但是男人也分泌oxytocin，但受男性荷爾蒙的影響，它的作用降低了。故選D。
【考點定位】細節(jié)推斷題。
小題3:根據第五段第一句“The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work”可判斷選D。
【考點定位】細節(jié)推斷題。
小題4:根據第一段的中心句：a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress.可知：本文由介紹男女對壓力反應的區(qū)別和原因然后主要談男女如何克服壓力。
【考點定位】主旨大意題。
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The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems.
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WEDGES AND STILETTOS

These shoes can also cause problems with gait. They may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearer’s body weight forward, making them very unstable.
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SCHOOL SHOES
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C．experts are strongly against wearing popular shoes
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Where do you find out about the world’s longest walk? The world's tallest man? The world's oldest woman? You know the answer, of course. It is the Guinness Book of World Records. How would people find such unusual facts without this book?
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A．the McWhirter twins
B．the director Sir Hugh Beaver
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D．a history of the Guinness Book
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D．has a full-length movie based on it
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A．wanted to publish the book so that they set up a research agency
B．owned so good a research agency that they liked to help others
C．recognizes that Sir Hugh's idea for a book was a good one
D．wanted to know the answers to some questions about records
小題4:In this passage, the underlined word "verified" means _____.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Global warming happens when greenhouse gases trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This is like when heat is trapped in a car. On a hot day, the car gets hotter when it is out in the parking lot. This is because the heat and light from the sun can get into the car, by going through the windows，but it can’t get back out. This is what the greenhouse effect does to the earth .The heat and light can get through the atmosphere, but it can’t get out As a result，the temperature rises.
Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us. The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on Without it，the earth would be freezing，or it would be burning hot. It would be freezing at night because we would not get the sun’s heat and light .During the day, especially during the summer, it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter(過濾)it，so people，plants，and animals would be exposed to all the light and heat.
Although the greenhouse effect makes the earth able to have people living on it，if there gets to be too many gases，the each can get unusually warmer, and many plants，animals．and people will die. Plants would die because they would not be able to take the heat .This would cause us to have less food to eat, and it would also limit the food that animals have. With less food for the animals that we need to survive we would even have less food. Gradually, people，plants，and animals would all die of hunger．
People are doing many things to try to stop global warming .One thing is carpooling—driving with someone to a place that you are both going to. Another thing is being more careful about leaving electrical devices turned on. Now, more people are even riding buses or bikes to lower the amount of greenhouse gases in the air .Although adults do many things to help stop global warming, kids call do just as much.
小題1:By the example given in Paragraph l, the author wants to__________.
A．explain how global warming happens
B．show his feeling in a car in hot summer
C．tell us cars are causes of greenhouse gases
D．say that I there are greenhouse gases in every car
小題2:The underlined word ‘it” in Paragraph 2 refers to__________.
A．lightB．greenhouse effectC．temperatureD．heat
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A．IT only traps the heat of the sun.
B．It does great harm to humans.
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D．It prevents all the light from the sun shining on the earth.
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A．lf there is greenhouse effect．all the plants will die
B．Human beings are likely to disappear from the earth
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D．Although greenhouse effect is necessary．Too much of it will cause us to die.
小題5:What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A．What kids can do to help stop global warming.
B．Who should be responsible for the environmental problems.
C．What global warming is doing to the environment.
D．Why cars and buses pollute the air a lot

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