Question

Caffeine not only gives us a daily jump start, but new research suggests it also can strengthen long-term memory.

According to the US Food and Drug Administration, nearly 90 percent of people worldwide consume about 200 milligrams of caffeine each day. That' s equivalent to about one strong cup of coffee a day. Writing in " Nature Neuroscience" , Johns Hopkins University researchers say their findings show that caffeine strengthens certain memories for up t0 24 hours after being taken in.

" We've always known that caffeine has cognitive-enhancing effects (促智效果) , but its ,particular effects on strengthening memories and making them resistant to forgetting has never been examined in detail in humans, " said senior author of the paper Michael Yassa. " We re- port for the first time a specific effect of caffeine on reducing forgetting over 24 hours. " Conducting a double-blind trial, the researchers worked with a test group of people who didn't regularly consume caffeinated products. Five minutes after studying a series of images, the test subjects were given either a placebo(無(wú)效對(duì)照劑) or a 200-milligram caffeine tablet.

To check the caffeine levels of their test subjects, the research team took saliva samples (唾液樣品) from them before they took their tablets and again one, three and 24 hours after- wards.

Both groups of test participants ( those who took the placebo and those who took the caffeine tablet) were tested the following day to see if they could recognize the images they' d seen the previous day.

The test included showing the test subjects another series of images that included some new images , those that were shown the previous day, as well as other images that were similar, but not the same as those they had viewed earlier.

The researchers found that more members of the group who were given the caffeine tablets were able to correctly identify some of the new images as " similar" to previously viewed images rather than incorrectly identifying them as the same.

"We also know that caffeine is associated with health and longevity(長(zhǎng)壽) and may havesome protective effects from cognitive decline like Alzheimer' s disease (阿爾茨海默癥). " said Yassa.

1.The purpose of the new research is

A. to survey how much caffeine people consume a day

B. to write the paper " Nature Neuroscience"

C. to prove caffeine has cognitive-enhancing effects

D. to examine caffeine ' s memory-strengthening effects in detail

2. During the research ,the researchers did the following things EXCEPT

A. giving the test subjects placebos or caffeine tablets

B. checking the caffeine levels of the test subjects

C. encouraging the test subjects to drink more coffee

D. showing the test subjects series of images

3. How did the test subjects show the caffeine ' s memory-strengthening effects?

A. By recognizing images they ' d seen the previous day.

B. By taking the caffeine tablets instead of placebos.

C. By identifying the new images as the same.

D. By telling the differences between new images.

4. What will the next part of the text possibly talk about?

A. Ways to achieve health and longevity. B. The effects caffeine has on health.

.C. The treatment for Alzheimer' s disease. D. The harmful effects of cognitive decline.

 

Answer 1

1.D

2.C

3.A

4.B

【解析】本文主要敘述了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)證明咖啡因?qū)θ说拈L(zhǎng)期記憶的積極影響。

1.D

【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段Conducting a double-blind trial, the researchers worked with a test group of people who didn't regularly consume caffeinated products. Five minutes after studying a series of images, the test subjects were given either a placebo(無(wú)效對(duì)照劑) or a 200-milligram caffeine tablet. 可知這次試驗(yàn)只是為了檢驗(yàn)咖啡因?qū)τ陂L(zhǎng)期記憶的影響。故D正確。

2.2】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段the test subjects were given either a placebo(無(wú)效對(duì)照劑) or a 200-milligram caffeine tablet可知A是試驗(yàn)內(nèi)容。根據(jù)文章第4段To check the caffeine levels of their test subjects, the research team took saliva samples (唾液樣品) from them before they took their tablets and again one, three and 24 hours after- wards.可知B是試驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)Both groups of test participants ( those who took the placebo and those who took the caffeine tablet) were tested the following day to see if they could recognize the images they' d seen the previous day.可知D項(xiàng)是試驗(yàn)內(nèi)容。只有C項(xiàng)在文章里沒(méi)有提及。

3.3】A

【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段The researchers found that more members of the group who were given the caffeine tablets were able to correctly identify some of the new images as " similar" to previously viewed images rather than incorrectly identifying them as the same.可知研究人員主要是通過(guò)讓參加試驗(yàn)的人來(lái)辨認(rèn)之前給他們看見(jiàn)的照片來(lái)檢驗(yàn)咖啡因?qū)θ说拈L(zhǎng)期記憶的影響的。故A正確。

4.4】B

【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一行"We also know that caffeine is associated with health and longevity(長(zhǎng)壽)可知咖啡因?qū)τ谌说慕】狄灿杏绊懀�那么在下面一段一個(gè)展開(kāi)討論這個(gè)話題。故B正確。

【長(zhǎng)難句解析】

The researchers found that more members of the group who were given the caffeine tablets were able to correctly identify some of the new images as " similar" to previously viewed images rather than incorrectly identifying them as the same.

【翻譯】研究人員分析被給含有咖啡因膠囊的那一組里更多的成員能夠準(zhǔn)確辨認(rèn)與先前所給的相似形狀的形象而不是錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為她們是一樣地。

【分析】本句中動(dòng)詞found后面接的是賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句中含有定語(yǔ)從句who were given the caffeine tablets；介詞短語(yǔ)rather than后面接動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)identifying them as the same。