Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what       B which        C. that     D where
C

試題分析:考查同位語從句。本題中的同位語從句that smoking can lead to many diseases解釋名詞evidence的內(nèi)容,that在句中不充當任何成分,沒有任何實際意義,也不能省略。句意:現(xiàn)代科技已經(jīng)給出了很多的吸煙可以導致疾病的證據(jù)。ABD三項都要在句中充當句中成分。故C正確。
點評:正確判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)是解題的關鍵。同位語從句屬于名詞性從句,大多由從屬連詞that引導,常常跟在fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, belief等名詞后面。同位語從句一般用來解釋或說明這些名詞的具體含義或內(nèi)容,在邏輯上表現(xiàn)為同位關系。同位語從句與that引導的定語從句:(1)從先行詞看,同位語從句與名詞之間在邏輯上是“主語+be+表語”的同位關系。該名詞是需要作特殊說明的抽象名詞。例如:They were delighted at the news that their team had won. The news was that their team had won. (2)從引導詞來看,引導詞that在同位語從句中是連詞,只起連接作用,無具體詞義,that不可省略;that在定語從句中是關系代詞,它在從句中充當一定成分——主語或賓語,有具體詞義,作賓語時還可以省略。(3)同位語從句的簡易判斷方法,同位語從句與其先行詞在邏輯上是“主語+be+表語”的同位關系。所以,可以在名詞和從句之間加系動詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個新句子,如果合乎邏輯,句子通順,則原句為同位語從句;定語從句是不能夠用系表結(jié)構(gòu)把先行詞與從句連接起來的。
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