Teaching a child to read at a young age gives him a valuable start in life. Reading is the basic part of education and a child’s reading ability will influence his school success greatly. Learning difficulties, many of which begin from poor reading skills, can damage a school child’s confidence and affect his future achievement. Young children are programmed to learn and they can learn better with encouragement. Ten to twenty minutes of reading a day still leaves plenty of time for play.
Many parents are concerned that learning to read is too challenging a task for a pre-school child, but they should also remember that most children learn to speak by the time they are 3. Learning a language is probably the single most challenging task any individual can undertake, yet children do it without formal instruction, achieving the fluency much better than adult language students.
There is a window of opportunity in terms of IQ development, which is most open during a child’s early years. A scientific study, carried out by Dr. Peter Huttenlocher at the University of Chicago, showed that the number of connectors, called synapses（神經(jīng)元突觸）, between the nerve endings in a newborn baby’s brain is similar to the number in the average adult brain. These synapses increase rapidly during early childhood. By 12-24 months a child’s brain has about 50% more synapses than the average adult brain. After that the synapses which are not in use begin to atrophy（衰退）. For most people, from age 16, the number remains steady. It begins to drop again as we move into our golden years. Doing intellectual activities at a young age, such as learning to read, can stimulate（刺激）and preserve these connectors in the brain resulting in a long-term beneficial（有益的）effect on IQ development.
Another notable study is probably the Milwaukee project. This study took a group of babies, all of whose mothers had low IQs, and gave them special training for seven hours a day, five days a week, until they started first grade. By the age of 6 these children had an average IQ 30 points higher than their contemporaries. The overwhelming conclusion is that the early intellectual stimulation can have a positive, long-term effect on a child’s brain development.
From birth you should talk to and explain things to your baby. Reading to him can be a wonderful way of spending quality time with your child. The enjoyment of books and being familiar with the idea of print will pave the way for（為……鋪平道路）learning to read later.
If your child is a fast learner you can help him realize his potential by introducing him to the joy of the printed word at an early age. This will lay the foundations（基礎(chǔ)）for both a high achieving school career and a lifelong love of reading. If your child shows early signs of reading difficulties, your efforts may help him get rid of such problems before he goes to school.
It can be difficult to teach your own child because emotional（引起情緒激動(dòng)的）issues arise easily. Online programs for learning to read English are excellent options. They allow children to repeat new materials as many times as they need to, without wearing out the parents’ patience.
小題1:What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．Children should be taught to read at an early age.
B．Children can read better than most adult students.
C．Children have more synapses than most adults.
D．Children are supposed to learn to read on the Internet.
小題2:Why does the author mention the study by Dr. Peter Hutten locher?
A．To remove parents’ worry.
B．To explain IQ development.
C．To explain how a baby’s brain works.
D．To show the parents’ wrong ideas.
小題3:How can children benefit from learning to read at a young age?
A．It can build up great confidence in their mind.
B．It can help preserve the connectors in their brains.
C．It can help produce more connectors in their brains.
D．It can help them find both their weaknesses and strengths.
小題4:At the end of this passage the author advises _______.
A．parents not to get angry too often
B．children to enjoy reading as early as possible
C．children not to wear out their parents’ patience
D．parents to get their children to take an online program

小題1:A
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:D

試題分析：本文敘述了孩子要從小就學(xué)會(huì)閱讀的好處。很多家長擔(dān)心,學(xué)習(xí)閱讀對(duì)學(xué)齡前兒童來說是一個(gè)太具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)。根據(jù)Dr. Peter Hutten locher的研究表明，孩子很早就開始閱讀對(duì)孩子的智商發(fā)展是有益的。孩子從小學(xué)會(huì)了閱讀對(duì)孩子終生受益。
小題1:主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的Teaching a child to read at a young age gives him a valuable start in life. 教孩子在很小的時(shí)候閱讀給他一個(gè)有價(jià)值的人生開始。從中可知，全文主要圍繞著教孩子從小就開始閱讀。
故選A。
小題2:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Many parents are concerned that learning to read is too challenging a task for a pre-school child,許多家長擔(dān)心,學(xué)習(xí)閱讀對(duì)學(xué)齡前兒童來說是一個(gè)太具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)。但是第三段的根據(jù)Dr. Peter Hutten locher的研究表明Doing intellectual activities at a young age, such as learning to read, can stimulate（刺激）and preserve these connectors in the brain resulting in a long-term beneficial（有益的）effect on IQ development.孩子很早就開始閱讀對(duì)孩子的智商發(fā)展是有益的。這樣是為了消除家長認(rèn)為太早閱讀對(duì)孩子不利的擔(dān)憂。故選A。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Doing intellectual activities at a young age, such as learning to read, can stimulate（刺激）and preserve these connectors in the brain resulting in a long-term beneficial（有益的）effect on IQ development.可知孩子很小就開始閱讀可以刺激和保存這些大腦中的連接器，這樣對(duì)孩子智商的發(fā)展有長期有益的影響。故選B。
小題4:推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的Online programs for learning to read English are excellent options. 網(wǎng)上在線學(xué)習(xí)讀英語是不錯(cuò)的選擇。從中可知作者建議家長讓孩子網(wǎng)上在線學(xué)習(xí)英語。故選D。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In South America, the rich soil of the Amazon River basin（流域）in Brazil is known as “black gold”. Scientists found that the secret of this rich soil was charcoal（木炭）. Local people made it from animal bones and tree branches. They mixed the charcoal with the soil about 1.500 years ago.
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Biochar could be good news for farmers with poor soil and hungry populations to feed. Professor Guo says it could even help against global warming. Intensive（集約的） farming and overuse of chemical fertilizer give out carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Biochar does the opposite, he says. It traps carbon in the ground.
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The results demonstrated that biochar can increase organic matter in soil. Loss of nutrients in soil is an increasing problem worldwide as farmers try to grow more food for growing populations.
Next, the team will carry out a five-year study of biochar with spinach（菠菜）, green peppers and tomatoes.
Mingxin Guo says he learns about the “black gold” in Brazil from a magazine story. He explains that it was discovered in the jungle, in the area where waters flow to the Amazon, in the 1960’s. But it was not until recent years that scientists began to bring public attention to it.
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A．The researchers will go on proving their theory.
B．The leading researcher learns the theory from the magazine.
C．Charcoal was discovered 1,500 years ago.
D．Common farming can produce more carbon dioxide.
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A．it can improve the condition of the soil
B．it can be used as a kind of energy
C．it can help against global warming
D．it can increase productivity of the corn
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B．keep the carbon in the soil
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D．a(chǎn)bsorb the carbon dioxide
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A．Using Charcoal to Make soil into “Black Gold”
B．Using Charcoal to Reduce the Carbon Dioxide
C．How Amazon River Basin Produces “Golden Black”
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A．recoveredB．revealedC．rejectedD．replaced
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)wareB．sensitiveC．capableD．ignorant
小題3:
A．essentialB．complexC．leadingD．inviting
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A．independentB．creativeC．cooperativeD．responsible
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A．neglectB．rely C．complimentD．emphasize
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A．involvingB．referringC．joiningD．participating
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A．reducingB．a(chǎn)ddingC．trackingD．speeding
小題9:
A．the sameB．differentC．uniqueD．unusual
小題10:
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小題11:
A．commentB．reflectionC．reactionD．respond
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A．a(chǎn)greementB．effortC．impactD．a(chǎn)ffect
小題14:
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Still, Dr. Heymsfield says people should not think gaining extra weight is OK just because of the new findings. He says being at a healthy weight lowers the risk for heart disease and diabetes（糖尿�。�.
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A．People with high obesity have a lower risk of early death than people with low obesity
B．People with overweight have a greater risk of early death than people of normal weight.
C．People with mild obesity are less likely to die than people of normal weight.
D．People with obesity live much longer than people of normal weight.
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A．works like novels and poems
B．books and articles on a particular subject
C．printed material
D．magazines and newspapers
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A．BMI is commonly used to measure body fat as a ratio of height to weight.
B．Not all people with a little higher BMI are fat .
C．Many public health experts encourage more people to use BMI as a way to predict the risk of health problem
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Picture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority of students will have conformed to (符合) the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you’ll get a completely different impression. For a start, you will now see plenty more women—the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, for example, boasts that 40% of its new enrolment is female. You will also see a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals of practically every country.
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Professor Gauthier believes schools should not just be selecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking, consultancy and industry. They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political science, the creative arts, history or philosophy, which will allow them to put business decisions into a wider context.
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C．Intellectual maturity.D．Higher ambition.
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A．It will arouse students’ unrealistic expectations.
B．It will produce business leaders of a uniform style.
C．It focuses on theory rather than on practical skills.
D．It stresses competition rather than cooperation.
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C．Social and professional experience.D．Ethnic origin and gender.
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A．It is eradicating the tough aspects of management.
B．It encourages male and female executives to work side by side.
C．It adopts the bully-boy chief executive model.
D．It is shifting towards more collaborative models.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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It was the latest sign of the effects of desertification: Overgrazing, deforestation, urban sprawl(無計(jì)劃地?cái)U(kuò)展) and drought have expanded deserts in the country's north and west. The shifting sands have gradually moved onto populated areas and worsened sandstorms that strike cities, particularly in the spring.
Winds blowing from the northwest have been sweeping sand across the country since Saturday, affecting Xinjiang in the far west all the way to Beijing in the country's east. The sand and dust were carried to parts of southern China and even to cities in Taiwan, 1600 miles (2600 kilometers) away from Inner Mongolia where much of the pollution originated.
The sandstorm in Taiwan, an island 100 miles (160 kilometers) away from the mainland, forced people to cover their faces to avoid breathing in the grit(砂礫) that can cause chest discomfort and respiratory problems even in healthy people. Drivers complained their cars were covered in a layer of black soot in just 10 minutes.
In Hong Kong, environmental protection officials said pollution levels were climbing as the sandstorm moved south. Twenty elderly people sought medical assistance for shortness of breath, Hong Kong's radio RTHK reported.
The latest sandstorm was expected to hit South Korea on Tuesday, said Kim Seung-bum of the Korea Meteorological Administration. The sandstorm that raked(掠過) across China over the weekend caused the worst "yellow dust" haze in South Korea since 2005, and authorities issued a rare nationwide dust advisory.
Grit from Chinese sandstorms has been found to travel as far as the western United States.
China's Central Meteorological Station urged people to close doors and windows, and cover their faces with masks or scarves when going outside. Sensitive electronic and mechanical equipment should be sealed off, the station said in a warning posted Monday on its Web site.
State television's noon newscast showed the tourist city of Hangzhou on the eastern coast, where graceful bridges and waterside pagodas were hidden in a mix of sand and other pollution. In Beijing, residents and tourists with faces covered scurried along sidewalks to minimize exposure to the pollution.
A massive sandstorm hit Beijing in 2006, when winds dumped about 300,000 tons of sand on the capital.
小題1:We can learn from the text that           .
A．the sandstorms were purposely made by China.
B．the writer thinks that China government should be responsible for the pollution.
C．the sandstorms badly affected the air in US.
D．China's Central Meteorological Station will be closed.
小題2:The passage tells us that the sandstorms mainly came from      .
A．XinjiangB．HangzhouC．BeijingD．Inner Mongolia
小題3:The underlined word, “respiratory” (in Para.4) means         .
A．breathingB．digestingC．hearingD．walking
小題4:Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．South Korea seldom issues nationwide dust advisories.
B．Taiwan is 1,600 miles from Beijing.
C．Sandstorms have hit Beijing more than once.
D．In Hong Kong some old people need help for shortness of breath caused by sandstorms.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Do you long for lasting camp memories? Sure we can guarantee it.
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Our excellent activities create personalized memories of your child’s vacation. Each child will receive a camp T-shirt and a photo album （usually 300-500 pictures） of their stay at camp.
Our camps are offered during June, July and August 2013, for small groups of girls aged13-16 years, not only from Canada but also other parts of the world.
We will send you full program descriptions at your request.
小題1:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To attract people to the camps.
B．To talk about camping experiences.
C．To describe the programs of the camps.
D．To explain the aims of the camps.
小題2:What do we know about the camp programs at Shadow Ridge?
A．Campers are required to wear camp T-shirts.
B．Horses play a central role in the activities.
C．Campers learn to cook food for themselves.
D．Horse lessons are offered all the year round.
小題3:The programs at Shadow Ridge mainly aim to help people ________.
A．understand horses betterB．enjoy a family atmosphere
C．have fun above other thingsD．a(chǎn)chieve an educational purpose
小題4:The passage is written mainly for ________.
A．horse ridersB．teenage girls
C．Canadian parentsD．international travelers

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Imagine living in a city made of glass. No, this isn’t a fairy tale. If you could grab your diving gear and swim down 650 feet into the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Washington State, you would witness the secret world of glass reefs.
The reef you’d be looking at is made up of glass sponges(海綿). But how can animals be made of glass? Well, glass is formed from a substance called silica. The sponges use the silica found in ocean waters to build glass structures that will give them shape and support. Be careful! Some of the fragile creatures are up to 200 years old.
When sponges die, new ones grow on top of the pile of old ones. Over centuries, a massive and complex reef takes shape. Some sponges look like wrinkled trumpets, while others look like overgrown cauliflower or mushrooms.
Dr. Paul Johnson, who discovered the Washington reef in 2007, also found other surprises such as bubbles of methane(甲烷) gas flowing out of the seafloor nearby. The methane feeds bacteria, and the bacteria feed the glass sponges.
“It’s a new ecosystem we know nothing about,” said Dr. Johnson.
The reef of yellow and orange glass sponges is crowded with crabs, shrimp, starfish, worms, snails, and rockfish. The glass reef is also a nursery for the babies of many of these creatures and was called a “kindergarten” by scientists.
Many animals that live in the reef hang around for a long time, just like the sponges. Rockfish, for example, live for more than 100 years. Scientists are just beginning to study all the species that call the reef home.
The Washington coast isn’t the only place where a living glass reef has been found. The first was discovered in Hecate Strait off the coast of British Columbia in 1991. Scientists all over the world were stunned to see it.
小題1:Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Man-made cities under the seaB．The world under the sea
C．Glass “cities” under the seaD．Creatures under the sea
小題2:It can be learned that the glass reef _______.
A．is made up of a kind of materials called sponges
B．is a work of art made by some American scientists
C．is a new ecosystem people are not familiar with
D．was first discovered off the coast of Washington State
小題3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The sponges must feel soft.
B．Silica comes from animals’ body fluid.
C．Methane is harmful to glass sponges.
D．Glass sponges depend on the bacteria for a living.
小題4:Why did scientists call the glass reef a “kindergarten”?
A．Because the babies of many sea creatures grow well there.
B．Because thousands of children visit it every year.
C．Because it is crowded with snails and rockfish, etc.
D．Because all the species call the reef home.
小題5:What does the underlined word “stunned” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Greatly surprised.B．Extremely scared.
C．Highly satisfied.D．Very pleased.

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