In South America, the rich soil of the Amazon River basin(流域)in Brazil is known as “black gold”. Scientists found that the secret of this rich soil was charcoal(木炭). Local people made it from animal bones and tree branches. They mixed the charcoal with the soil about 1.500 years ago.
Now, scientists in the United States have done a modern demonstration. They say charcoal fertilization offers a revolutionary way to improve soil quality for hundreds or even thousands of years.
Mingxin Guo and his team at Delavare State University heated tree leaves, corn stalks(莖), small pieces of wood and poultry waste into “biochar”(生物碳). They reported their findings at a recent meeting of the American Chemical Society in New Orleans.
Biochar could be good news for farmers with poor soil and hungry populations to feed. Professor Guo says it could even help against global warming. Intensive(集約的) farming and overuse of chemical fertilizer give out carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Biochar does the opposite, he says. It traps carbon in the ground.
The researchers planted winter wheat in containers of soil in a greenhouse — some with biochar, some without. Professor Guo says the wheat grows much better in the pots with biochar. The soil was added two percent charcoal to. But he says even a one percent treatment will increase productivity.
The results demonstrated that biochar can increase organic matter in soil. Loss of nutrients in soil is an increasing problem worldwide as farmers try to grow more food for growing populations.
Next, the team will carry out a five-year study of biochar with spinach(菠菜), green peppers and tomatoes.
Mingxin Guo says he learns about the “black gold” in Brazil from a magazine story. He explains that it was discovered in the jungle, in the area where waters flow to the Amazon, in the 1960’s. But it was not until recent years that scientists began to bring public attention to it.
小題1:According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.The researchers will go on proving their theory.
B.The leading researcher learns the theory from the magazine.
C.Charcoal was discovered 1,500 years ago.
D.Common farming can produce more carbon dioxide.
小題2:Biochar has the following advantages EXCEPT that ________.
A.it can improve the condition of the soil
B.it can be used as a kind of energy
C.it can help against global warming
D.it can increase productivity of the corn
小題3:According to the research, the biochar can help against global warming because it can ________.
A.reduce the carbon dioxide
B.keep the carbon in the soil
C.reduce the loss of nutrients in the soil
D.a(chǎn)bsorb the carbon dioxide
小題4:Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A.Using Charcoal to Make soil into “Black Gold”
B.Using Charcoal to Reduce the Carbon Dioxide
C.How Amazon River Basin Produces “Golden Black”
D.Guo’s Research on Producing Biochar

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:A

試題分析:本文主要講述的是科學(xué)家對(duì)于生物碳的研究,生物碳有很多的好處,能夠讓我們的土壤更肥沃,能夠抵抗全球變暖還能增加產(chǎn)量。
小題1:A 推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段Next, the team will carry out a five-year study of biochar with spinach(菠菜), green peppers and tomatoes.可知還有一個(gè)新的5年計(jì)劃來(lái)研究生物碳。說(shuō)明研究人員還將繼續(xù)他們的研究。故A正確。
小題2:B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)They say charcoal fertilization offers a revolutionary way to improve soil quality for hundreds or even thousands of years.和t could even help against global warming. Intensive(集約的) farming and overuse of chemical fertilizer give out carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Biochar does the opposite, he says. It traps carbon in the ground.和Professor Guo says the wheat grows much better in the pots with biochar. The soil was added two percent charcoal to. But he says even a one percent treatment will increase productivity.可知ACD三項(xiàng)都是生物碳的好處。只有B項(xiàng)文章沒(méi)有提及。
小題3:B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句. It traps carbon in the ground.可知B項(xiàng),也就是它能夠讓碳被保留在土壤里。故B正確。
小題4:A 主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是科學(xué)家對(duì)于生物碳的研究,生物碳有很多的好處,能夠讓我們的土壤更肥沃,能夠抵抗全球變暖還能增加產(chǎn)量。故A正確。
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

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Passage 1
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B.Green Shopping Principles
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A.Because they are less expensive to buy.
B.Because they save money in the long run.
C.Because they will never break.
D.Because they are local products.
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Many parents are concerned that learning to read is too challenging a task for a pre-school child, but they should also remember that most children learn to speak by the time they are 3. Learning a language is probably the single most challenging task any individual can undertake, yet children do it without formal instruction, achieving the fluency much better than adult language students.
There is a window of opportunity in terms of IQ development, which is most open during a child’s early years. A scientific study, carried out by Dr. Peter Huttenlocher at the University of Chicago, showed that the number of connectors, called synapses(神經(jīng)元突觸), between the nerve endings in a newborn baby’s brain is similar to the number in the average adult brain. These synapses increase rapidly during early childhood. By 12-24 months a child’s brain has about 50% more synapses than the average adult brain. After that the synapses which are not in use begin to atrophy(衰退). For most people, from age 16, the number remains steady. It begins to drop again as we move into our golden years. Doing intellectual activities at a young age, such as learning to read, can stimulate(刺激)and preserve these connectors in the brain resulting in a long-term beneficial(有益的)effect on IQ development.
Another notable study is probably the Milwaukee project. This study took a group of babies, all of whose mothers had low IQs, and gave them special training for seven hours a day, five days a week, until they started first grade. By the age of 6 these children had an average IQ 30 points higher than their contemporaries. The overwhelming conclusion is that the early intellectual stimulation can have a positive, long-term effect on a child’s brain development.
From birth you should talk to and explain things to your baby. Reading to him can be a wonderful way of spending quality time with your child. The enjoyment of books and being familiar with the idea of print will pave the way for(為……鋪平道路)learning to read later.
If your child is a fast learner you can help him realize his potential by introducing him to the joy of the printed word at an early age. This will lay the foundations(基礎(chǔ))for both a high achieving school career and a lifelong love of reading. If your child shows early signs of reading difficulties, your efforts may help him get rid of such problems before he goes to school.
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小題1:What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.Children should be taught to read at an early age.
B.Children can read better than most adult students.
C.Children have more synapses than most adults.
D.Children are supposed to learn to read on the Internet.
小題2:Why does the author mention the study by Dr. Peter Hutten locher?
A.To remove parents’ worry.
B.To explain IQ development.
C.To explain how a baby’s brain works.
D.To show the parents’ wrong ideas.
小題3:How can children benefit from learning to read at a young age?
A.It can build up great confidence in their mind.
B.It can help preserve the connectors in their brains.
C.It can help produce more connectors in their brains.
D.It can help them find both their weaknesses and strengths.
小題4:At the end of this passage the author advises _______.
A.parents not to get angry too often
B.children to enjoy reading as early as possible
C.children not to wear out their parents’ patience
D.parents to get their children to take an online program

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