Question

【題目】Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit（利潤）— that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 【1】 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 【2】

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 【3】 One is the establishment（制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting【4】 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（監(jiān)管）and guidance by the management in authority. 【5】

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals.

D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G.. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】E

【4】G

【5】A

【解析】

試題分析：本文是一篇討論商務(wù)和商務(wù)管理的說明文。

【1】推理題。本題的后一句出現(xiàn)了一個新名詞nonprofits（非盈利），而前文的內(nèi)容是在說大多數(shù)企業(yè)都在尋求利潤，那這里語義的突然變化就提示了我們空格處所填內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與seek to make a profit（尋求利益）語義相反，而與nonprofit相同，因為只有這樣才能自然的引出下文�？v觀選項，只有答案D出現(xiàn)了however，表示語義的轉(zhuǎn)折，所以正確答案為D。

【2】推理題。根據(jù)文意，前文提到的these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers中的these organizations實指non profits organizations，所以此處72題的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是對nongovernmental service providers（非政府服務(wù)提供商）的進一步解釋�？v觀選項，只有答案C是在舉例子，而且也出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞nonprofit，所以正確答案為C。

【3】推理題。這道題的解題方法就是我們說的充分利用“指路詞”。下文中出現(xiàn)了One is...，The third relates...，可見本空是個總起句，概括了什么東西包含有三個方面。縱觀選項，只有答案G出現(xiàn)了three，且主語planning正好復(fù)現(xiàn)了第二段首句出現(xiàn)的techniques of planning，所以正確答案為G。

【4】推理題。還是依靠“指路詞”，文中出現(xiàn)過了第一和第三，所以本空肯定描述的是第二方面�？v觀選項，只有答案E出現(xiàn)了the second，所以答案為E。

【5】推理題。觀察第二段可知，商務(wù)管理中涉及的techniques of planning, direction均已經(jīng)提到，只差最后一個control（控制）還未提及，所以本空一定和control有關(guān)�？v觀選項，只有答案A出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞control，所以答案為A。