The art of reading fiction is largely a matter of inferring meanings. To infer means to understand facts which are not directly stated---only suggested. Inference is one of the commonest ways of knowing things: a child holds his knee and cries; this action implies his feeling; an observer infers that the child is hurt. To infer accurately in everyday life requires caution in observing; to infer skillfully in fiction requires caution in reading; both require disciplined imagination.
The short-story reader can expect to find certain basic elements in any story. For example, all stories involve a person or persons, in a particular setting, faced with a demand for a response. The response called for may be a physical action, such as defeating an adversary(對(duì)手) or escaping from a danger; or it may be a mental action, such as adjusting to others or within oneself. In either case, the short story is a description in two ways: first, it shows the motives for a given human action; second, it makes a point about the general human situation. Such descriptions, however, rather than being stated directly, usually are implied by the elements of the story.
When the reader of a story understands all the facts and their interrelationships, he is ready to infer the significance of the story as a whole---its comment on the human situation. This comment, or theme, is the seed from which the story grew. It is also the idea by which all the separate elements of the story are governed, while these in turn further shape and modify the theme. In addition to action, character, and setting, these elements include structure, mood, tone, and point of view.
Fiction reading requires an awareness of all the ways in which a story communicates. It also requires attention to detail. What the author provides is a network of points which serve as clues to his meaning. He invites the reader to develop the meaning by inference, actually to create much of the story himself and so make it part of his own experience.
【小題1】According to the author, "infer" means ________ .

A．knowingfactsbeyondthestatement
B．lookingformoreevidencesforthestatement
C．findingoutadifferentmeaningfromthestatement
D．a(chǎn)ddingsomefactstothestatement
【小題2】What is inferring in fiction based on?
A．Readers’guessing.
B．Thebasicelementsofthestory.
C．Thesettingofthestory.
D．Theinterrelationshipsbetweenpeopleinthestory.
【小題3】What is the implied meaning of the last sentence?
A．Inferringcanreallyhelpthereaderdevelopimaginationandenrichhimself.
B．Inferringcanhelpthereaderwriteastoryofhisown.
C．Thereadershouldlookforanexperiencedescribedinthestoryhereads.
D．Theexperiencedescribedinthestorywillleaveagreatimpactonitsreader.
【小題4】What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Inferringisanartofwriting.
B．Inferringisaneedinfictionwriting.
C．Inferringisthebasicskillinreadingfiction.
D．Inferringiscommoninreading.


【小題1】A
【小題2】B
【小題3】A
【小題4】C

解析試題分析：本文敘述了讀小說的藝術(shù)在于讀者的推理，文中講述了什么是推理，推理就是在描述的事實(shí)之外，你推測(cè)出來的內(nèi)容，但是推理是基于這篇小說的事實(shí)，不是憑空想象的，最后指出推理能幫助讀者發(fā)展他們的想象空間來豐富充實(shí)自己。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)To infer means to understand facts which are not directly stated---only suggested. 故選A。
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The short-story reader can expect to find certain basic elements in any story. Such descriptions, however, rather than being stated directly, usually are implied by the elements of the story故選B。
【小題3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)He invites the reader to develop the meaning by inference, actually to create much of the story himself and so make it part of his own experience.推理能幫助讀者發(fā)展他們的想象空間來豐富充實(shí)自己，故選A。
【小題4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)The art of reading fiction is largely a matter of inferring meanings.故選C。
考點(diǎn)：考查科普類短文閱讀。

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【小題1】This text is likely to be selected from a book of           .

A．medicineB．educationC．foodD．business
【小題2】Which of the following is NOT Dr. Edgar Miller’s opinion according to the passage?
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A．a(chǎn)-c-f-d-b-e B．b-f-e-a-c-d
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

(2013·高考北京卷，D)People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once，a new research suggests.The findings，based on performances and self­evaluations by about 275 college students，indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity，but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can’t focus on one activity.And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，”said David Sanbonmatsu，a psychologist at the University of Utah.
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Not surprisingly，the scientists said，most people thought they were better than average at multitasking，and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once.But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.They also were more likely to admit to sensation­seeking and impulsive behavior，which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.
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Adam Gazzaley，a researcher at the University of California，San Francisco，who was not a member of the research group，said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.
The findings do suggest，however，why the sensation­seekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving.“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.”said Paul Atchley，another researcher not in the group.“This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.”
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A．seek high productivity constantly
B．prefer handling different things when getting bored
C．a(chǎn)re more focused when doing many things at a time
D．have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time
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A．a(chǎn)ssessed the multitasking ability of the students
B．evaluated the academic achievements of the students
C．a(chǎn)nalyzed the effects of the participants’tricky mental
tasks
D．measured the changes of the students’understanding ability
【小題3】According to Sanbonmatsu，people multitask because of their________.
A．limited power in calculation
B．interests in doing things differently
C．inability to concentrate on one task
D．impulsive desire to try new things
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A．drive very skillfully
B．go in for difficult tasks
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