14.The behavior of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use,according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC).The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放)by 80percent by 2050,part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero carbon by 2016.But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own-though extremely important-is not enough to achieve such reductions:the behavior of the people using the building has to change too.
The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency,which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.
"Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,"explains Katy Janda,a UKERC senior researcher,"consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design."In other words,old habits die hard,even in the best designed eco home.
Another part of the problem is information.Households and bill payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy use habits.Without specific information,it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices.Feedback(反饋) facilities,like smart meters and energy monitors,could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behavior directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15percent energy savings using smart meters.
Social science research has added a further dimension,suggesting that individuals'behavior in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted-whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒溫器),for example.
Janda argues that education is the key.She calls for a focused program to teach people about buildings and their own behavior in them.
32.As to energy use,the new research from UKERC stresses the importance ofD.
A.zero carbon homes
B.the reduction of carbon emissions
C.sustainable building design
D.the behavior of building users
33.The underlined word"which"in Paragraph 2refers to"B".
A.their homes
B.existing efforts
C.developments
D.the ways
34.What are Katy Janda's words mainly about?A
A.The importance of changing building users'habits.
B.The necessity of making a careful building design.
C.The variety of consumption patterns of building users.
D.The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.
35.The information gap in energy useC.
A.a(chǎn)ffects the study on energy monitors
B.brings about problems for smart meters
C.can be bridged by feedback facilities
D.will be caused by building users'old habits.
分析 本文是一篇說明文,主要講述英國承諾,到2050年,英國的二氧化碳的排放減少80%.英國能源研究中心的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),可持續(xù)發(fā)展建筑物的設(shè)計很重要,而改變其使用者的習慣也很重要.說明建筑物的使用者的行為至少和它的設(shè)計一樣的重要,即人們家庭對于能源的消費量直接影響我們的生活環(huán)境的質(zhì)量.
解答 32.D 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第一段首句"The behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use,according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC)."可知:根據(jù)英國能源研究中心的研究,建筑物使用者的行為也許至少和它的設(shè)計一樣重要.故答案D正確.
33.B 詞義判斷題.此題考查which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,which指代的是先行詞existing efforts現(xiàn)有的努力.故答案B正確.
34.A 推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章第三段Katy Janda 的話"consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design."以及后面的"In other words,old habits die hard,even in the best-designed eco-home."可知建筑物使用者改變習慣的重要性.故A正確.
35.C 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第四段"Feedback (反饋) facilities,like smart meters and energy monitors,could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use"可知反饋設(shè)備能夠縮短信息差距.故C正確.
點評 本文是一個科教類閱讀理解,題目涉及多道細節(jié)理解題,做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析,結(jié)合選項選出正確答案.推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測,一定要做到有理有據(jù).