Many drivers say the large digital billboards flashing ads every few seconds along Bay Area freeways are just too bright and too distracting. And they may be right.
A Swedish study published in the journal Traffic Injury Prevention concludes that digital billboards hold the gazes of drivers longer than two seconds. Previous studies have shown that anything that takes a driver’s eyes off the road for that length of time increases the risks of a crash. “This study proves what is common sense when it comes to digital billboards,” says Mary Tracy, president of Scenic America, a national nonprofit group that seeks to limit billboards. “Bright, constantly changing signs on the sides of roads are meant to attract and keep the attention of drivers, and this study confirms that this is exactly what they do.”
The Federal Highway Administration allowed digital signs for the first time in 2007 after concluding they did not pose a significant danger. But a follow-up report is pending (待定的) and could be released this year. California has no law banning the billboards, and is one of 39 states that allows them. “We would need to review more research, so it’s too early to call for a ban,” says Jonathan Adkins, executive director of the Governors Highway Safety Association. “There is a role for digital messaging, such as conveying urgent information and other safety messages.”
There are more than 1,800 digital billboards nationwide, more than double the number five years ago. While no data indicate an increase in accidents due to the Bay Area signs, many drivers are opposed to them.
“Monstrosities” is what Merlin Dorfman of San Jose calls them, while insurance agent David Whitlock says he has found them a major distraction. “They’re much too bright at night,” he says. “When the advertisement switches from a bright color to a darker one, your eyes cannot adjust fast enough, and you end up losing sight of the roadway.”
Officials with sign companies could not be reached for comment, but Bryan Parker, an executive vice president for Clear Channel Outdoor, told USA Today last year that “there’s no doubt in my mind that they are not a driving distraction.”
小題1:Which of the following is TRUE?
A.The brightness of digital billboards is harmful to people’s eyes.
B.The Federal Highway Administration banned digital signs in 2013.
C.There is evidence indicating an increase in accidents duo to digital billboards.
D.Digital billboards are used to convey messages.
小題2:What do we learn from the text?
A.Scenic America is an organization that is in favor of digital billboards.
B.Drivers in the Bay Area are against the digital billboards.
C.California has banned digital billboards.
D.There were about 1,800 digital billboards nationwide five years ago.
小題3:What is Bryan Parker’s attitude towards digital billboards?
A.Supportive.B.Indifferent.
C.Opposed.D.Uncertain.
小題4:What is the main idea of the text?
A.Studies have shown digital billboards pose a danger to drivers.
B.People’s eyes cannot adjust fast enough to the brightness of digital billboards.
C.A study says flashing digital billboards are too distracting.
D.Experts doubt it is necessary to limit digital billboards.
小題5:We are most likely to find the text in the ________ section of a magazine.
A.international cultureB.traffic and safety
C.fashion and travelD.personal health

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:C
小題5:B

試題分析:文章講述了戶外廣告牌會(huì)吸引司機(jī)的注意力,影響司機(jī)的視覺增加交通事故的幾率,針對(duì)這種情況出現(xiàn)了不同的反映,既有支持的也有反對(duì)的。
小題1:D細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。There is a role for digital messaging, such as conveying urgent information and other safety messages.本句的意思為: 承擔(dān)著傳送這些數(shù)字信息的角色,比如發(fā)布緊急信息和其它的安全信息。從此句判斷答案D是正確的。
小題2:B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Many drivers say the large digital billboards flashing ads every few seconds along Bay Area freeways are just too bright and too distracting.句意為:許多司機(jī)說,在舊金山彎豎立的這些每幾秒鐘就閃現(xiàn)一次廣告的數(shù)字廣告牌太亮太分散注意力。由此可以判斷B正確。
小題3:A細(xì)節(jié)推理題。Bryan Parker, an executive vice president for Clear Channel Outdoor, told USA Today last year that “there’s no doubt in my mind that they are not a driving distraction.”句意為: Bryan Parker, an executive vice president for Clear Channel Outdoor去年告訴今日美國(一種英文讀物)說:“我看來這是毫無疑問的,它們沒有引起駕駛員注意力分散!庇纱丝芍麑(duì)戶外廣告牌是支持的。
小題4:C主題理解題。文章第一自然段概括了本文的中心,是圍繞戶外的廣告牌太亮而分散了司機(jī)的注意力展開,下文是對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)的闡述。故答案應(yīng)為C。
小題5:B 綜合理解題。文章講述的是戶外廣告牌對(duì)交通安全的影響,故答案B(交通與安全)是正確的。A選項(xiàng)是國際文化;C選項(xiàng)是時(shí)尚與旅行;D選項(xiàng)是個(gè)人健康。
考點(diǎn):社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類文章的閱讀理解。
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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

There is no question that fewer teenagers are on the roads in the US.
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B.A 15-year-old boy cannot drive alone in the US.
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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

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France and Spain are the two countries topping the European Quality of Life Index(指數(shù))out today,according to the place comparison website Switch.com.
The French enjoy longer lives,better healthcare,more holidays and cheaper prices.In contrast Britons work three years longer and die two years younger after paying above the European average for fuel,food,alcohol and cigarettes.The amount we spend on healthcare and education is below the European average.
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B.Comfortable clothes make employees more productive.
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“A very disruptive(調(diào)皮搗蛋的) six-year-old child kicked my legs and clawed at my hand,” said one teacher. “ I broke up a fight and was kicked between my legs,” said another. Many people have heard stories like this. But the situation is more worrying still and it involves parents.
Every child, regardless of the circumstances into which they are born, has the right to achieve their potential, regardless of their parents’ wealth and class. And we recognize that, as a nation, it is a long way to achieve this goal. But with rights come responsibilities and what worries people is that we are in danger of ignoring the latter.
Far too many children are behaving badly at school, even to the point of being violent to staff. This is terrible enough, but it is hard to be surprised since many children are just mirroring the behaviour of their parents.
My members tell me that parents also come into school often and threaten staff and some staff have been attacked by a pupil’s parents. One father encouraged his child to start a fight on the playground before school started. A primary teacher reported that a parent shouted at him. We need to have a serious and sensible debate about the roles and responsibilities of parents and the support that they can reasonably expect of schools and teachers.
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Children are now arriving at school socially undeveloped, increasingly unable to dress themselves, unable to use the toilet properly, unable to hold a knife and fork and unused to eating at a table, Mary Bousted, general secretary of the Association of Teachers and Lecturers, writes in today’s Observer. Instead of taking responsibility themselves, too many parents expect teachers to control their children’s behaviour and wellbeing, she adds. Bousted says one mother blamed staff when she discovered that her 16-year-old son was smoking.
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C.The responsibilities of the students
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A.dissatisfiedB.indifferent
C.understandingD.tolerant
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A.teachers have no responsibility for playing the role of parents
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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

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It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person’s mind. It can cause a constant distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. The report also added that, in a long term, the brain will be considerably shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At a microcellular(微蜂窩,微孔的) level, the complex networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brain actually change in response to certain experiences.
Too much use of modern technology can be damaging not only to a person’s mind, but to their social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62 percent of them admitted that they were addicted to checking their e-mails and text messages so often that they scrutinized work-related ones even when at home or on holiday. Half said that they always responded immediately to an e-mail and will even interrupt a meeting to do so. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and anxiety and affecting one’s characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude.
The effects on IQ were studied by Dr. Glenn Wilson, a psychologist at University of London. “This is a very real and widespread phenomenon,” he said. “We have found that infomania will damage a worker’s performance by reducing their mental sharpness and changing their social life. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.”
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A.has a positive influence on one’s IQ
B.results in the change of part of the brain
C.lies in the problem of lack of concentration
D.is caused by too much use of modern technology
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A.the important function of advanced technology
B.the damage to one’s brain done by unhealthy habits
C.the relevance between IQ and use of modern technology
D.the relationship between intelligence and working effectiveness
小題3:The underlined word “scrutinized” probably means “___________”.
A.examined carefullyB.copied patiently
C.corrected quicklyD.a(chǎn)dmitted freely
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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

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Most Facebook users don't realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they're paying for Face book because people don't reallyknow what their personal data is worth.
The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook-you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things— your city, your photo, your friends' names—were set, by default(默認(rèn))to be shared with every one on the Internet.
According to Facebook's vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don't share information, they have a "less satisfying experience".
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. In original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the pages totally. Who wants to look at ads when they're online connecting with their friends?
The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. "I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them," Schrage admits.
I think that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it's only the beginning. That is why I'm considering deactivating(撤銷)my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I'm upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don't trust. That's too high a price to pay.
小題1:Why do people give their personal information to Facebook according to Paragraph 1?
A.Because they can get some money from Facebook.
B.Because their information is not important.
C.Because they are promised to have a fun and free service.
D.Because they can also get other people's information.
小題2:What does the author say about most Facebook users?
A.They are unwilling to give up their personal information.
B.They don't know their personal data enriches Facebook.
C.They don't identify themselves when using the website.
D.They care very much about their personal information.
小題3:Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?
A.To give better service to its users.B.To obey to the Federal guidelines.
C.To improve its users' connection.D.To expand its business.
小題4:Why does Senator Charles Schumer support publicly?
A.Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.
B.Banning the sharing of users' personal information.
C.Making regulations for social-networking sites.
D.Removing ads from all social-networking sites.

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

One of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth. We naturally expect that a doctor’s salary will be higher than a bus conductor’s wages. But the question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oil-rig(鉆探平臺(tái))with a teacher in a secondary school. What the doctor, the engineer and the teacher have in common is that they have devoted several years to studying in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oil-rig laborer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take.
  Another aspect we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man’s work is. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling second-hand cars. Yet it is almost certain that the used-car salesman earns more than the nurse and the schoolteacher.
  Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be turned on its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called “psychic(精神的)wage”, and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul-destroying repetitiveness of his work. It is significant that the jobs like nursing and teaching continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth.
Although the amount of money that people earn is largely determined by market forces, this should not prevent us from seeking some way to decide what is the right pay for the job. A starting point would be to try to decide the ratio(比率)which ought to exist between the highest and the lowest paid. The picture is made more complicated by two factors: firstly by the welfare benefits which every citizen receives, and secondly by the taxation system which is often used as an instrument of social justice by taxing high incomes at a very high rate indeed. Most countries now regard a ratio of 7:1 as socially acceptable. If it is less, the highly-qualified people carrying heavy responsibilities will become disappointed, and might even end up by leaving for another country. If it is more, the difference between rich and poor will be so great that it will lead to social unrest.
小題1:Why do people naturally expect that doctors should be well-paid?
A.Their work requires greater intelligence.
B.They are under constant pressure at work.
C.They work harder than most other people.
D.They have studied for years to get qualified.
小題2:In Paragraph 2 and 3, the author indicates that __________.
A.the talented should do more important work
B.unskilled jobs have less social responsibility
C.those with more socially useful jobs earn less
D.people want to pay more to important services
小題3:Which of the following statements would the author agree?
A.It’s difficult to define the social value of a job.
B.The market will decide what the right pay is for a job.
C.People should find a proper ratio between high and low pay.
D.Those receiving high salary should carry heavy responsibilities.

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