1.Next time a customer comes to your office,offer him a cup of coffee.And when you're doing your holiday shopping online,make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea.The physical sensation(感覺)of warmth encourages emotional warmth,while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions-those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A.Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person's perception(感知)of another's"warmth"is a powerful determiner in social relationships.Judging someone to be either"warm"or"cold"is a primary consideration,even trumping evidence that a"cold"person may be more capable.Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences,Bargh argues,when babies'conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations,particularly warmth and coldness.Classic studies by Harry Harlow,published in 1958,showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth"mother"rather than one made of wire,even when the wire"mother"carried a food bottle.Harlow's work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of"warmth"and"coldness"in social judgments appear to be universal.Although no worldwide study has been done,Bargh says that describing people as"warm"or"cold"is common to many cultures,and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth,Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students.A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses(假設(shè)),handed the students either a hot cup of coffee,or a cold drink,to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form:The drink was then handed back.After that,the students were asked to rate the personality of"Person A"based on a particular description.Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
"We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,"says Bargh.
32.The author mentions Harlow's experiment to show thatB.
A.a(chǎn)dults should develop social skills
B.babies need warm physical contact
C.caregivers should be healthy adults
D.monkeys have social relationships
33.In Bargh's experiment,the students were asked toA.
A.evaluate someone's personality
B.write down their hypotheses
C.fill out a personal information form
D.hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
34.We can infer from the passage thatC.
A.a(chǎn)bstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B.feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C.physical temperature affects how we see others
D.capable persons are often cold to others
35.What would be the best title for the passage?D
A.Drinking for Better Social Relationships.
B.Experiments of Personality Evaluation.
C.Developing Better Drinking Habits.
D.Physical Sensations and Emotions.
分析 科學(xué)家通過試驗(yàn)證明,在人際交往中,人們能從對方哪怕端來的一杯水中感受到對方的溫暖或冷淡,因此,在人際交往中,我們要用關(guān)心去溫暖對方.
解答 32.B 推理判斷題.根據(jù)第二段的Harlow's work and later studies have ledpsychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers tohelp young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.哈洛的工作和后來的研究使心理學(xué)家強(qiáng)調(diào)照顧者需要溫暖的身體接觸,幫助孩子成長為有正常社交能力的健康成人.可知嬰兒需要溫暖,故選B.
33.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由文章倒數(shù)第二段的the students were asked to rate the personality of"Person A"based on a particular deion.可知,接受實(shí)驗(yàn)的學(xué)生應(yīng)對PersonA作出評(píng)價(jià).故選A.
34.C 推理判斷題.根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,身體能感受到的溫暖能激起情緒上溫暖的感覺,一個(gè)人所接觸的物體的溫度會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的情緒,所以身體的溫度影響我們?nèi)绾慰创,故選C.
35.D 主旨大意題.根據(jù)全文可知,在人際關(guān)系中我們能從對方傳遞的熱情或冷淡中感受到人間冷暖.人的情緒受身體對冷熱的不同感受的影響,所以本文主要講了身體感覺和情緒的關(guān)系,故選D.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是科教類閱讀理解.做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對文章通讀一遍,做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案.推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測,一定要做到有理有據(jù)