5．
The active advantages of passive housing
Imagine a house that keeps itself warm in the wintertime．Think of the savings in terms of fuel bills and unfriendly emissions．Such houses in fact exist．Called"passive houses"，the concept of these highly energy-efficient buildings took root in around 1990，before slowly consolidating as a niche construction concept in roughly 2000．Are passive houses now actively moving into the mainstream as sustainable buildings？
For Brian McGarry，an economics lecturer who built a family house based on passive housing criteria in the Pyrenees this year，the arguments look compelling．As his first full winter in the low energy house drew in，we asked him to keep us posted．Do passive houses work？
I had never heard of a passive house in February 2012，when I purchased a plot of land in a Pyrenees village at 1，200m altitude on the Spanish-French border，embarking somewhat reluctantly on a self-build housing project．I knew what I wanted：a comfortable，pleasing and economically sensible house in an attractive location．And I knew what I didn't want：a costly project management nightmare for an inexperienced builder．
What I didn't know is that I would be persuaded to build a pre-constructed，custom-designed house based on energy-efficient passive house criteria．Some European economies are already demanding levels of energy efficiency that are close to those standards，but the simplicity and logic of the proposal proved overwhelming：it promised to be easier and quicker to build，cheaper to run，and more comfortable to live in．The objective was not to meet standards such as those of Germany's Passivhaus Institut，but to include the fundamental concepts of passive energy management in my project：an airtight and highly protected building envelope； large south-facing double or triple-glazed windows （if possible，filled with argon gas） that passively capture the energy of the sun； a heat recovery ventilation system to provide fresh air； and a simple，low-cost heating system consisting of a modern wood-burning stove，a bathroom heater and a portable radiator backup for when the sun doesn't shine and temperatures drop．No significant limitations were placed on the design，the risk of a budget overrun for a highly specified factory-built structure looked low，and it was environmentally friendly．Moreover，the cost was no more than a conventional build．
Certainly，arguments against the project could be made，such as the uncertain resale value of innovative houses in a conservative market，and the risk of being an early adopter of technologies that are relatively new to Spain and France．
A German architect recommended a young Catalan colleague，Josep Bunyesc，to do the job for me．In 2009Bunyesc designed the first house in Spain based on passive house criteria，built in conjunction with an innovative industrial specialist in wooden structures，F(xiàn)ustes Sebastia．I was deeply impressed by the houses I visited-the functionality，comfort and spaciousness of the designs，coupled with the efficiency，quality and cost of the construction method．I then hammered out a design with the architect-the longest part of the process．
The rest was disconcertingly fast：a USB pen drive transmitted the design orders to an automated woodcutting and assembling factory in Spain．A total of 22insulated wall and roof structures were completed in three weeks and，with most windows also fitted，these were transported by truck to the plot location across the French border．The house was then assembled on site by local house-building specialists，Ecobois．eu，who took another week to combine the structure，despite adverse weather conditions in February 2013．
What are the main performance results so far？
After six months in use，the house is proving to be both cheap to run and remarkably comfortable-staying cool in the hot summer was effortless，as long as the windows were shuttered or shaded from the sun．Now staying warm in the cold，high-altitude December climate also seems easy，so far．The temperature remains even throughout the building-no hot or cold rooms-and the dynamics of the building's passive heat management mean that once the sun shines with reasonable regularity，the house stays comfortable，even when empty．Arriving on a cold night after an extended absence has so far not been a concern．
Winter arrived in force in the Pyrenees in November，with abundant snowfalls and temperatures as low as minus 8° Celsius．Though early days，the house has responded well：the stove is lit during cold evenings but the portable radiator has not yet been needed．This type of construction seems not only to make economic and environmental sense，but to enhance our quality of life，too．
66．The author states in Paragraph 1that passive housingB．
A．calls for energy to keep warm in winter and cool in summer
B．had been promoted for a decade before the birth of its theory
C．catches on with both the self-builders and those constructors
D．refers to a certain house comfortable，costly and also pleasing
67．The houses，regarding the passive energy management，can NOT be characterized byD．
A．using south-facing windows to take in solar energy
B．providing energy for taking a shower when it's rainy
C．supplying fresh air with a special heat recovery system
D．placing much more demands and limits on the design
68．According to the passage，passive housing turns out promising because it isA．
A．reasonable in practice and easy to operate
B．relatively warm in winter and cool in summer
C．much cheaper to run and comfortable to live in
D．quite economical and environmentally friendly
69．How did the author find his self-built house？C
A．Very unaffordable．B．Energy-consuming．
C．Comfortable to live．D．Far from eco-friendly．
70．Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined words"hammered out"？A
A．decided on B．worked out C．referred to D．thought up．
The World Bank is one of the largest suppliers of development assistance （援助）．Its main goal is to improve living conditions for poor people throughout the world．Last year，it provided more than seventeen thousand million dollars in loans （貸款） for developing countries to help end poverty．