E
If you don’t have a college degree, you’re at greater risk of developing memory problems or even Alzheimer’s (老年癡呆).Education plays a key role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder, and it's well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive(認知的) advantage over their less educated counterparts in middle and old age.
Now, a large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make up for poorer education by frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures.
“The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive, but we do not clearly understand how and why these effects last so long,” said lead author Margie Lachman, a psychologist.She suggested that higher education may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile (敏捷地).
But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory.The study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference.“Among individuals with low education, those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a week or more had memory scores similar to people with more education,” said Lachman.
The study, called Midlife in the United States, assessed 3,343 men and women between the ages of 32 and 84 with a mean age of 56 years.Almost 40 percent of the participants had at least a 4-year college degree.The researchers evaluated how the participants performed in two cognitive areas, verbal memory and executive function --- brain processes involved in planning, abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility.Participants were given a battery of tests, including tests of verbal fluency, word recall, and backward counting.
As expected, those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did better on the memory tests, but some with lower education also did well, explained Lachman.
“The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with lower educational achievement, and protect those at greatest risk for memory declines,” said Lachman.“Although we can not rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on more activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity (可塑性), and suggests some degree of personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually active lifestyle.”
57.What is the text mainly about?
A.Higher education has a better cognitive advantage.
B.Better memories result from college degree.
C.Cognitive activity does a mind good.
D.Poor education has more risk of memory declines.
58.According to the result of Margie Lachman’s study, we can conclude that ________.
A.education is responsible for the lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder
B.education early in adulthood can be the only route to maintain your memory
C.those with higher education did better on the memory tests than those with lower education
D.a(chǎn)n intellectually active lifestyle does help to maintain your memory
59.What do we know about the study called Midlife?
A.Participants each were given a battery to test their memory.
B.The average age of the participants are 56 years old.
C.Participants had to perform in one of the two cognitive areas.
D.One in four of the participants had a 4-year college degree.
60.Why are the findings of the Lachman’s study promising?
A.The lower educated may have the same opportunities to keep up memory.
B.We may have ways to cure the people who have memory declines.
C.Adopting a different lifestyle can control over cognitive functioning.
D.We can find out the possibility to have better memories.
科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Speaking in public is most people’s least favorite thing. The reason is that we are all afraid of making fool of ourselves. .
But stop biting your finger-nails. Public speaking is easy. It’s just plain talking, and you talk all the time. Although I’m basically shy (honest!). I’ve been making speeches and talking on radio and television for more than 30 years. And I can tell you that public speaking is not a “gift” like musical talent , so .Here are some of the lessons I have learned:
Your audience is going to go away with one or two of your main ideas.One or two.Not ten or twenty. .And if you don't have a clear idea of what you want to say, there's no way your audience will. —how you are going to open, what major points you want to make and how you're going to close.
When I do a radio or TV piece, I often write the last sentence first. .A strong close is critical; the last thing you say is what your audience will most likely remember.
The standard length of a audio-visual act is usually 12 minutes.If all those performers singing and dancing their hearts out couldn't go on longer without boring the audience, what makes you think you can?
A. Some people are born to be good at making speech |
B. Anybody who can talk can speak in public |
C. Try to relax yourself before making the speech |
D. The more important the speech is, the more frightened we become |
E. If you can't express in a sentence or two what you intend to get across, then your speech is not focused well enough. |
F. When you know where you're heading, you can choose any route to get there |
G. No matter how long or short your speech is, you've got to get your ideas organized. |
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科目:高中英語 來源:2013屆遼寧省五校協(xié)作體高三上學(xué)期期初聯(lián)考英語試卷(帶解析) 題型:完型填空
Five steps to take if your child is being bullied
51 The worst thing you can do is ignore it. Too often parents feel children and teens need to “work things out” on their own. If the problem is ignored, your child’s self-esteem will become unhealthy, he will be hurt mentally or physically, and he could become a bully himself.
Here are five steps you can take if your child is having problems with a bully:
52 This is an important first step and will help your child trust that you are able to help him with his problem. Accept what he has to say at face value by using your active listening skills.
Let your child know that he is not alone. 53 Reassure your child that he is not the problem. Nothing he did caused the bully to go after him.
If your child is being threatened in a physical or illegal way at school, report the problem. Your child may not want you to do this, or the school may not take it seriously, but violence cannot be tolerated. 54 You will need to model assertive (果斷的) behavior by alerting those in charge where the bullying is taking place.
Teach your child assertive behavior and how to ignore routine teasing. Let them know it is okay to say “No.” sometimes even friends bully, so letting your child know they can be true to their own feelings and say “No” can go a long way.
55 Giving up possessions or giving in to a bully in anyway encourages the bully to continue. Identify ways for your child to respond to a bully---showing assertive but not aggressive behavior---and role-play them.
A.Believe what your child tells you. |
B.Encourage your child not to give in to a bully. |
C.Praise your child for being brave enough to talk about it. |
D.Bullying is a terrible situation for a child to have to cope with. |
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科目:高中英語 來源:2013屆福建省安溪一中德化一中高三9月聯(lián)考英語試卷(帶解析) 題型:填空題
閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)以下要求:1)漢語提示;2)首字母提示;3)語境提示,在每個空格內(nèi)填入一個適當?shù)挠⒄Z單詞,并將該詞完整地寫在相對應(yīng)的橫線上。所填單詞要求意義準確、拼寫正確。
It’s believed that you can quite easily improve your ability to remember
things through practice and exercise. But e_____ if you are successful,
there are times ______ your memory seems to play tricks on you.
Sometimes you remember things ______ really did not happen. Take
one morning last week as an ______. I got up and found that I had
l the front door unlocked all night, yet I clearly remember
locking it ______(仔細地) the night before. Memory “tricks” work the
other way as well. Once in a while you remember ______ doing something
and then find out that you d______. One day last month I was sitting
in a barber shop w______ for my turn to get a haircut, and suddenly I
______(意識到) that I actually got a haircut two days before.
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科目:高中英語 來源:2014屆廣東汕頭四中高三年級第一次月考英語卷(解析版) 題型:信息匹配
請閱讀下列應(yīng)用文及其相關(guān)信息,并按照要求匹配信息。
1.
Mary: I never used to like stamp collecting. I read almost everything I can: books, magazines,newspapers. I go to the public library abut twice a week. If you’d like to send me something,maybe books are my favorite.
2.
Tom: My wife says I should take up gardening. We have a big garden and she loves working in it. But the truth is, it bores me. My friends and my wife think I’m really boring, because I’m always listening to music. I go to concerts all the time. I love Mozart and all that classical staff.
3.
Mike: I don’t really like video games and that sort of things. I prefer being outdoors, hiking or playing sports. I always go out with my family playing baseball and stuff all the time. I think most sports are pretty interesting.
4.
Lisa: I’m a free writer, and a lot of people think my job is easier because I don’t have to go to the office every day. And I don’t have to deal with office politics. But, you know, my job is very hard.I have to be very organized and much disciplined. And pretty self-motivated. And when I have a problem, there is no one around to help me.
5.
Victor: My life is very stressful. In my working place, everyone is in a hurry and under tremendous pressure. The doctors are demanding, and there is always too much to do to save a dying patient.
A.The person works in a hospital emergency room. His/her job is to assist doctors to rescue patients who are seriously ill.
B.The person likes sports activities the most. For him/her, having sports activities is very interesting.
C.The person works for himself/herself at home. He/She writes for others.
D.The person doesn’t like other things such as gardening. But he/she really likes music, especially classical music.
E.The person likes collecting all kinds of things, such as baseball cards and stamps.
F.Many people may like collecting things, such as collecting cards or stamps. But he/she likes reading very much.
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科目:高中英語 來源:2012-2013學(xué)年福建省德化一中高三9月聯(lián)考英語試卷(解析版) 題型:單詞拼寫
閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)以下要求:1)漢語提示;2)首字母提示;3)語境提示,在每個空格內(nèi)填入一個適當?shù)挠⒄Z單詞,并將該詞完整地寫在相對應(yīng)的橫線上。所填單詞要求意義準確、拼寫正確。
It’s believed that you can quite easily improve your ability to remember
things through practice and exercise. But e_____ if you are successful,
there are times ______ your memory seems to play tricks on you.
Sometimes you remember things ______ really did not happen. Take
one morning last week as an ______. I got up and found that I had
l the front door unlocked all night, yet I clearly remember
locking it ______(仔細地) the night before. Memory “tricks” work the
other way as well. Once in a while you remember ______ doing something
and then find out that you d______. One day last month I was sitting
in a barber shop w______ for my turn to get a haircut, and suddenly I
______(意識到) that I actually got a haircut two days before.
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