For more than a century, since he captured the spoken words "Mary had a little lamb" on a sheet of tinfoil (錫紙), Thomas Edison has been considered the father of recorded sound. But researchers say they have discovered a recording of the human voice which is nearly two ___小題1:___earlier than Edison's invention of the phonograph.
The 10-second recording of a singer crooning (輕聲歌唱) the folk song "Au Clair de la Lune" was discovered earlier this month in an ___小題2:___ in Paris by a group of American audio historians. It was made, the researchers say, on April 9, 1860, on a phonautograph, a machine designed to record sounds ___小題3:___, not to play them back. But the phonautograph recording, or phonautogram, was made playable---converted from squiggles (潦草的字跡) on paper to sound---by scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, Calif.
"This is a ___小題4:___find, the earliest known recording of sound," said Samuel Brylawski, the former head of the recorded-sound division of the Library of Congress, who is not ___小題5:___with the research group but who was familiar with its findings. The audio discovery could give new ___小題6:___ to the phonautograph, and its inventor, Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville, a Parisian typesetter who went to his grave ___小題7:___that credit for his breakthroughs had been ___小題8:___bestowed on Edison.
The recordings made by Scott were not intended for listening; the idea of audio ___小題9:__ had not been conceived. Rather, Scott sought to create a paper record of human speech that could later be___小題10:___.
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