Legends about the development of coffee are varied and interesting, involving chance occurrences, political tricks, and the pursuit of wealth and power.
According to one story, a sheepherder named Kaldi, as he tended his sheep, noticed the effect of coffee beans. He noticed that the sheep became excited after eating the red “cherries" from a certain plant when they changed pastures (牧場(chǎng)). He tried it himself, and was soon as overactive as his sheep. Another story relates that a monk happened to discover that this fruit from the shiny green plant could help him stay awake.
Another legend gives us the name for coffee, “mocha”. Omar, an Arabian was thrown to the desert with his followers to die of starvation. In desperation, Omar had his friends boil and eat the fruit from an unknown plant. Not only did the soup save the group, but the residents of the nearest town, Mocha, took their survival as a religious sign. The plant and its beverage (飲料) were named Mocha to honor this event.
Coffee was introduced much later to countries beyond Arabia, whose inhabitants believed it to be a tasty thing and guarded its secret as if they were top secret military plans. The government forbade transportation of the plant out of the Moslem nations. The actual spread of coffee was started illegally. One Arab named Baba Budan smuggled (走私) beans to some mountains near Mysore, India, and started a farm there. Early in this century, some of those original plants were found still growing fruitfully in the region.
Coffee today is grown and enjoyed worldwide, and is one of the few crops that small farmers in third-world countries can profitably export.
【小題1】What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A.A sheepherder used coffee beans to keep sheep excited. |
B.Coffee was a special kind of red cherry from a certain plant. |
C.A sheepherder and a monk accidently discovered coffee’s effect. |
D.Sheep ate a lot of coffee beans while they changed pastures. |
A.Kaldi’s story. | B.The monk’s story. |
C.Omar’s story. | D.Baba Budan’s story. |
A.a(chǎn) town | B.a(chǎn)n Arabian | C.a(chǎn) kind of coffee | D.a(chǎn) sheepherder |
A.The Secret of Coffee | B.The Tales of Coffee |
C.People’s Love for Coffee | D.The Function of Coffee |
【小題1】C
【小題2】D
【小題3】A
【小題4】B
解析試題分析:文章講述了咖啡這種飲品的發(fā)現(xiàn),傳播的經(jīng)過(guò)。同時(shí)也講述了咖啡這種飲品的功能。
【小題1】C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本段大意:一個(gè)叫Kaldi的牧羊人注意到他的羊在吃了這種咖啡豆之后非常的興奮,他也嘗試吃了一點(diǎn)兒發(fā)現(xiàn),自己也和羊一樣。第二和咖啡有關(guān)的故事是一個(gè)伴侶在吃了咖啡之后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己總是很清醒,睡不著。所以第二自然段講述的是咖啡的作用的發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)程。
【小題2】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。The actual spread of coffee was started illegally. One Arab named Baba Budan smuggled (走私) beans to some mountains near Mysore, India, and started a farm there.
句意為:咖啡的真正傳播剛開(kāi)始是非法的,阿拉伯人Baba Budan 走私了一些咖啡到了印度附近的Mysore地方,由此可知Baba Budan 做的事情卷入了政治。
【小題3】A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Not only did the soup save the group, but the residents of the nearest town, Mocha, took their survival as a religious sign. The plant and its beverage (飲料) were named Mocha to honor this event.句意為:這種咖啡飲品不僅救了他們,而且最近的小鎮(zhèn)Mocha里的居民把他們的幸存視做宗教的信號(hào),這種植物還有它的飲料補(bǔ)命名為Mocha以紀(jì)念個(gè)事件。
【小題4】B主旨大意題。文章主要講述了三個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題,一是咖啡功能的發(fā)現(xiàn);二是咖啡被命名為Mocha的原因;三是咖啡對(duì)外的傳播,以及剛開(kāi)始與政治的關(guān)系。所以本文講述的都是有關(guān)咖啡的事情,因此答案應(yīng)為B
考點(diǎn):考查對(duì)科普類文章的閱讀。
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解
The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic(懷舊的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching,many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful-----both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks----both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe (轉(zhuǎn)換) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(發(fā)現(xiàn)) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
【小題1】What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?
A.Theabsenceofblackboardsinclassrooms. |
B.Theuseofnewtechnologiesinteaching. |
C.Thelackofpracticeinhandwriting. |
D.Thepopularuseofsmartphones. |
A.focusedonthedifferencebetweenwritingbyhandandonacomputer. |
B.indicatedthatstudentsprefertowritewithapenandpaper. |
C.foundthatgoodessaysaremadeupoflongsentences. |
D.discussedtheimportanceofwritingspeed. |
A.Spellingimprovesone’smemoryofwords. |
B.Spellingabilityiscloselyrelatedtowritingability. |
C.Spellingbenefitsthetranslationfromwordsintoideas. |
D.Spellingslowsdownfindingexactwordstoexpressideas. |
A. Window. | B.Soul | C.Picture. | D.Imagination. |
A.Computerscanhelppeoplewiththeirchoiceofwords. |
B.Spellcheckscantaketheplaceofspellingteaching. |
C.Handwritingstillhasaplaceintoday’sclassrooms. |
D.Functionalspellingabilitydevelopsfastinthefifthgrade. |
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解
A research found that people shown silent videos of piano competitions could pick out the winners more often than those who could also hear the music. It underlines the importance of our sense of vision, say scientists. Their study concludes that the best predictor of a winner’s musical performance was the visible passion they displayed, followed closely by their uniqueness and creativity.
Chia-Jung Tsay, from University College London, UK, is the study’s author and herself a concert pianist. She was interested in how music was judged and found that even professional musicians were unaware of how much they were using visual information over sound. “For the last two decades, I’ve taken part in various competitions. Through this experience, I found that depending on what type of evaluations were used, the results might vary widely. This led me to wonder about how much visual information really affects these important decisions,” she explained.
More than 1,000 participants in the study were given samples of either audio, silent video or video with sound, and asked to rate the top three finalists from 10 international classical music competitions. The actual competition winners were only correctly identified by those who were randomly assigned(分配) the silent videos.
Dr Tasy said the findings were quite surprising, especially because both trained musicians and those without training had stated that sound was most important for their evaluation. “Regardless of levels of expertise, we still seem to be led primarily by visual information, even in this field of music,” she said. “Classical music training is often focused on improving the quality of the sound, but this research is about getting to the bottom of what is really being evaluated at the highest levels of competitive performance. She added, “We must be more mindful of our inclination(傾向) to depend on visual information at the expense of the content that we actually value as more relevant to our decisions.”
【小題1】According to the study, who would most probably win a piano competition?
A.One who plays with great passion. |
B.One who plays unique music. |
C.One who plays creatively. |
D.One who has a sense of vision. |
A.watch classical music competitions |
B.a(chǎn)ssign the silent videos |
C.pick out the best three competitors |
D.decide who the winner is |
A.Her love for music. |
B.Her desire to explore. |
C.Her experience as a competitor. |
D.Her curiosity in musical education. |
A.A text book. | B.A sports magazine. |
C.A story book. | D.A science website. |
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解
Riding a London subway, a person from other countries will notice one major difference: in London, people do not look at each other.In fact, eye contact is avoided at all times. That’s not rudeness ― people are just too busy to bother looking.
Busy doing what, you ask? Well, they’re certainly not using the time for a moment of quiet thinking.Nor are they reading a book.New technology has replaced quiet habits.Today the only acceptable form of book on the London underground is an e-book.
Apple must earn a fortune from London commuters(使用月票上下班者). Since the launch of the iPhone in 2007, over 40, 000 ― yes, 40, 000 “apps” have been designed.
Commuters love them because they are the perfect time - fillers. One “app”, called iShoot, is a game that features tanks.Another one, Tube Exits, tells passengers where to sit on the train to be closest to the exit of their destination. iSteam clouds the iPhone screen when you breathe into the microphone. You can then write in the “steam” on your phone screen.
For those without an iPhone, another Apple product, the iPod, may be the distraction (消遣) of choice. It’s not just teenagers who “plug in” to their music - iPods are a popular way to pass the time for all ages.
And if games, e-books and music aren’t enough to keep you occupied, then perhaps you would prefer a film? The development of palm DVD technology means many commuters watch their favorite TV shows or films on the way to work.With all these distractions, it’s amazing that people still remember to get off the train.
【小題1】Those who want to save time to reach where they go can download ________ to their iPhones
A.iShoot | B.Tube Exits | C.iSteam | D.iPod |
A.they are going to work and have no time to communicate with each other |
B.they love reading books and do not want to be disturbed |
C.they feel sleepy because of getting up early |
D.they’re busy playing games, reading e-books, listening to music or watching films |
A.computers |
B.programs downloaded for the iPhone |
C.computer companies |
D.fortune from London commuters |
A.London commuters are unfriendly to strangers |
B.Apple has earned a lot of money from selling 40, 000 apps |
C.technology is changing how London commuters spend their traveling time |
D.riding a London subway is a must when visiting London |
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解
Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic (流行病) sweeping across Americas farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects. The country's farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census (普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed.
Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of America's farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No.1 on a list of "useless" college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country.
“There couldn't be anything that's more incorrect," Merrigan said. "We know that there aren't enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.
In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said.
“I truly believe we're at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows," said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. "Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture”.
The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers' Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new fermers.
Ryan Best, president of Future Fanners of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21 -year-old Best hopes his message-that this is a new time in agriculture-will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics.“Never before have we had the innovations (創(chuàng)新)in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been” he said. “There’s really a place for everybody to fit in”
【小題1】What is the new challenge to American agriculture?
A.Fewer and older farmers. | B.Higher fuel prices. |
C.More natural disasters. | D.Lower agricultural output. |
A.To draw federal agriculture officials' attention |
B.To select qualified agriculture graduates. |
C.To clarify a recent blog posting. |
D.To talk more students into farming careers |
A.the government will cover production costs |
B.global food supplies will be even lower |
C.investment in agriculture will be profitable |
D.America will increase its food export |
A.To re-analyze the result of the national census. |
B.To increase production. |
C.To bring down the average age of farmers. |
D.To invest more in agriculture. |
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解
Exhausted and unhappy, you still have to squeeze a smile to your friends, or teachers. That’s just life, you may think. But new research suggests that putting on a fake smile can worsen people’s mood and even lower work efficiency.
Lead researcher Brent Scott with other researchers studied a group of bus drivers for two weeks. They tried to find out what happened when the drivers were involved in “surface acting” or fake smiling, and the opposite, “deep acting” which means people put on real smiles by recalling pleasant memories or thinking about their current situation more positively.
The results showed that on days when drivers were forced to smile, they felt depressed and didn’t want to work. On days when they smiled due to positive thoughts, their mood improved a lot as well as their work efficiency.
The research goes against the popular belief among companies that employees should be cheerful to customers at all times. They include employees of shops, banks, call center workers and others who have face-to-face contact with members of the public. “Smiling for the sake of(為了) smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion and coldness, and that’s bad for the organization,” Scott told the Daily Mail.
The study also showed that women were harmed more by fake smiling than men. Their mood and work performance both worsened more. But they were helped more by deep acting — their mood became better and they worked more efficiently.
However, while deep acting seemed to improve mood in the short term, Scott says it’s not a long-term solution for unhappiness.
“There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period that you start to feel inauthentic(不真實(shí)的),” Scott said. “You may be trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”
【小題1】Brent Scott and others’ experiments on bus drivers suggest that ______.
A.depression among bus drivers is common |
B.thinking in a positive way helps with work efficiency |
C.bus drivers with pleasant memories tend to be less efficient |
D.the bus drivers’ work efficiency is determined by their mood |
A.It is good for the business but bad for the employees. |
B.It doesn’t work on people who are emotionally expressive. |
C.It is a widely accepted cultural practice in the US. |
D.It causes more harm to women than men. |
A.people should be true to their feelings |
B.smiling helps to put people in a good mood and become more efficient |
C.it is unnecessary to cultivate positive emotions |
D.deep acting can improve mood in the long run |
A.the importance of smiling during face-to-face contact |
B.a(chǎn) new study on fake smiling and its influence on people |
C.suggestions on improving work efficiency |
D.how to cheer up when you are exhausted |
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解
For years we have been told that encouraging a child’s self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval from their friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car.
The implication(含義) of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class,” or talking about the goals she scored but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores the highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom.
Social psychologist Carol Dweck, PHD, tested the effects of over-praise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.
“Praising attributes(品質(zhì)) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges,” says Dweck, now at Stanford University, “They figure they’d better quit while they’re ahead.”
【小題1】The underlined words “Praise-aholic kids” refer to kids who are ______.
A.tired of being praised | B.worthy of being praised |
C.very proud of being praised | D.extremely fond of being praised |
A.better-known | B.better-organized |
C.more persuasive | D.more interesting |
A.praise for efforts should be more encouraged |
B.praise for results works better than praise for efforts |
C.praising a child’s achievements benefits his or her success in life |
D.praising a child’s abilities encourages him or her to take on challenges |
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解
People diet to look more attractive.Fish diet to avoid being beaten up,thrown out of their social group,and getting eaten as a result.That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.
The research team have discovered that subordinate(低一等的) fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors."In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals,a male and female,had breeding(繁殖)rights within the group," explains Marian Wong."All other group members are nonbreeding females,each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor.We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation."
The reason for the size difference was easy to see.Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor,it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group.More often than not,the evicted fish is then eaten up.
It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish.Whether they did so voluntarily,by restraining how much they ate,was not clear.The research team decided to do an experiment.They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened.To their surprise,the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered,clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights,over having a feast.
The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group.Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves,so keeping their competitors small.
While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious,Dr.Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understand how hierarchical(等級(jí)的)societies remain stable.
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans."As yet,we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature," the researchers comment."Data on human dieting suggests that,while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness,rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal."
【小題1】When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor,it _________.
A.leaves the group itself | B.has breeding rights |
C.eats its competitor | D.faces danger |
A.the fish beaten up | B.the fish driven away |
C.the fish found out | D.the fish fattened up |
A.fought over a feast | B.preferred some extra food |
C.challenged the boss fish | D.went on diet willingly |
A.Fish dieting and human dieting. | B.Dieting and health. |
C.Human dieting. | D.Fish dieting. |
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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解
WASHINGTON The head of the World Bank says for the first time in human history, it is possible to end poverty around the world. Jim Yong Kim told a Washington audience Tuesday, he wants to make ending world poverty by 2030 a top goal for the bank and governments around the world.
World Bank President Jim Yong Kim says that the problems of poverty, hunger and inequality are wide, urgent and a matter of survival of millions.
“We know that despite the great successes of the last decade, there are still about 1.3 billion people living in extreme poverty, 870 million who go hungry every day, and 6.9 million children under five dying every year,” he said.
But Kim told a Washington audience that the previous successful efforts to cut the number of people living in extreme poverty by half give them hope.
“We are at an auspicious moment in history, when the successes of past decades and an increasingly favourable economic outlook combine to give developing countries a chance-for the first time ever-to end extreme poverty within a generation,” he said in a speech at Georgetown University. “Our duty now must be to ensure that these favourable circumstances are matched with deliberate decisions to realize this historic opportunity.”
Kim says success will require increasing the speed of economic growth, particularly in South Africa and South Asia.
But he warned that civil unrest could happen if economic growth does not help people at all income levels, and also include women and youth.
Kim says that the World Bank and other development agencies will have more resources to get this job done right. “Meeting this 2030 goal will take extraordinary effort,” he said.
However, Kim warned that all the progress in fighting poverty could be destroyed by climate disasters unless the nations of the world do more to prevent climate change.
【小題1】In the opinion of Jim Yong Kim, world poverty _____.
A.is difficult but hopeful to end by 2030 |
B.exists only in Africa and Asia |
C.is not quite hard to end by 2030 |
D.will be sure to disappear by 2030 |
A.Economic growth is increasing in developing countries. |
B.Great successes have been achieved in science and technology. |
C.A decreasing number of people are living in poverty. |
D.All countries have started to fight poverty. |
A.unforgettable | B.lucky |
C.disappearing | D.important |
A.The key of ending world poverty is preventing climate change. |
B.A top goal-ending world poverty will possibly be achieved by 2030. |
C.The success of ending poverty-economic growth. |
D.The progress in fighting poverty. |
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