2．Cut out part of a healthy person's liver and transplant it into a sick person--it sounds like a complicated and dangerous operation，not to mention very expensive．But it is sometimes the only possible cure for a seriously ill patient with liver disease．
Until now British scientists have just announced a new stem cell technique，which allows them to grow healthy liver cells outside human bodies．According to the researchers，it could be another five to 10 years before the technique can actually be used to help patients with liver disease．However，they say the method might one day replace liver transplants altogether．The study was led by the University of Cambridge and the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute，a British genomics and genetics research institute．It was published in the journal nature on October 12，2011．
The researchers took skin cells from a patient with a mutation （變異） in a gene called alphal-antitrypsin （a-l抗胰蛋白酶）．This gene makes a protein that protects our bodies against inflammation （炎癥）．People with changed or damaged alphal-antitrypsin are not able to release the protein correctly from the liver，so the protein is trapped there and eventually leads to liver cirrhosis （肝硬化）．
Scientists then used an advanced technique to cut away the faulty section of DNA from a stem cell and replace it with a corrected one，according to the journal．The stem cells went on to produce fresh and healthy liver cells with normal protein levels．Scientists put the new liver cells into mice and found that they worked very well．
Stem cells are the life source of all other cells in the body．They could transform medicine，providing treatment for blindness，spinal cord injuries and other serous injuries．They could also be used to produce new cells for damaged organs．
David Lomas，a Cambridge biology professor who worked on the team，said："If we can use a patient's own skins cells to produce liver cells that we can put back into the patient，we may prevent the future need for transplantation．"
71．what is the best title of this passage？D
A．How to transplant liver for patients
B．A new way to transplant livers for patients
C．The difficulty in curing liver patients
D．New life for liver patients
72．The first paragraph is written toC．
A．show how difficult it is to cure liver disease
B．tell us what a liver transplant involves
C．introduce a potential cure for liver disease
D．show how serious liver disease can be
73．Why do some people get liver cirrhosis according to the article？C
A．Because their bodies are lacking in alphal-antitrypsin．
B．Because their skin cells are not able to protect against inflammation．
C．Because the alphal-antitrypsin in their bodies is changed or damaged．
D．Because their liver releases too high a level of protein．
74．According to British scientists，liver transplant mightA．
A．become history sooner or later
B．be replaced by a new stem cell technique in five years
C．be the only possible cure liver disease in the future
D．be prevented in the future
75．What can be inferred from the passage？D
A．Stem cells can keep liver cells healthy and fresh．
B．Equaling medicine，stem cells can cure blindness，spinal cord injuries and other serous injuries
C．Stem cells can replace the damaged organs．
D．All other cells in the body can't work well without stem cells．
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了通過干細(xì)胞培育出新肝臟的新技術(shù)，在不久的將來，技術(shù)成熟之后肝移植可能會(huì)成為歷史．
解答 71．D．主旨大意題．通讀全文，可知文章主要講了通過干細(xì)胞培育出新肝臟的新技術(shù)，在不久的將來，技術(shù)成熟之后肝移植可能會(huì)成為歷史；故選D．
72．C．段落大意題．根據(jù)文章第一段"But it is sometimes the only possible cure for a seriously ill patient with liver disease"可知主要介紹肝病治愈的可能性；故選C．
73．C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第三段"People with changed or damaged alphal-antitrypsin are not able to release the protein correctly from the liver，so the protein is trapped there and eventually leads to liver cirrhosis"可知體內(nèi)的α1-抗胰蛋白酶的改變或損壞最終導(dǎo)致肝硬化；故選C．
74．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)最后一段"If we can use a patient's own skins cells to produce liver cells that we can put back into the patient，we may prevent the future need for transplantation"可知可能在不久的將來肝移植會(huì)成為歷史；故選A．
75．D．推理判斷題．根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Stem cells are the life source of all other cells in the body．They could transform medicine，providing treatment for blindness，spinal cord injuries and other serous injuries"可知沒有干細(xì)胞，體內(nèi)所有其他細(xì)胞都不能正常工作；故選D．
點(diǎn)評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
