Global Positioning Systems（GPS） are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But, they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.
We spoke to Mr. Brown by Skype （網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話軟件）. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay. BARRY BROWN: “And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination. And, then it wasn’t until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the GPS is kind of 'garbage in garbage out'.”
Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment. BARRY BROWN: “One problem with a lot of the GPS units is that they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it’s going to the wrong place.”
Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people’s cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”
It lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues(時機問題) related to when GPS commands are given.
Barry Brown says, “ To make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.”
小題1:In paragraph 2, Mr. Brown mentioned his friend in the conversation to _______.
A．build up his own reputation
B．laugh at his stupid friend
C．prove the GPS system is only garbage
D．describe an example of human error
小題2:What is the disadvantage of small screens in GPS equipment according to the text?
A．They just provide the next turn.B．They are harmful to eyes.
C．They make drivers tired easily.D．They often break down suddenly.
小題3: Which of the following statements would Barry Brown most likely agree with?
A．GPS units are to blame for most GPS service failures.
B．We should introduce higher standards for the driving license.
C．Cameras are urgently needed to help improve GPS systems.
D．Drivers, GPS systems and passengers should unite to improve GPS systems.
小題4:What is Mr. Brown’s attitude towards GPS?
A．Unconcerned.B．Prejudiced.
C．Objective.D．Critical.
小題5:Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of the pasage?
A．Driving with GPS can be difficult.
B．Driving confusions can be caused by small screens.
C．Driving without GPS should be much more convenient.
D．GPS equipment in driving to be deserted or improved

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:C
小題5:A

試題分析：文章大意：本文是一篇科技說明文。通過科學調(diào)查分析表明：全球定位系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)的問題是司機和全球定位系統(tǒng)失誤兩個方面的原因造成的。為了使全球定位系統(tǒng)更好的為我們服務(wù)，我們需要更好的理解司機、乘客和全球定位系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)工作。
小題1:推理判斷題。段落大意題：從第二段的內(nèi)容：They actually put their home address in. 和下面的句子:Mister Brown says this is a common human error.可知Mr Brown是在舉人的錯誤的例子。故D正確。
小題2:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段One problem with a lot of the GPS units is that they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it’s going to the wrong place.可知答案。故A正確。
小題3:細節(jié)理解題。從最后一段的句子：Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.可知Barry Brown認為GPS系統(tǒng)，司機和乘客應(yīng)該一起努力提高。故D正確。
小題4:推理判斷題。此題是考查作者態(tài)度。作者在文章中只是客觀的評價GPS的優(yōu)缺點，故作者的態(tài)度是客觀的。故C正確。
小題5:主旨大意題。從第一段的：But, they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost.可知文章講的是GPS帶來的困難。故A正確。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

     Say you're in the wine store and you want to buy something new. You have nothing to go by outside of the label. Will the label tell you anything you should know? Here's some general advice:
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C．the freshness of the wineD．the label of the wine
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C．the wine from famous vineyardsD．two-year-old Beaujolais Nouveau
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A．the wine with high alcohol levels is definitely terrific
B．most wines at the store are intended to be drunk right away
C．older vines have lower production
D．some winemakers keep the promise all the time
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B．The Weather Bureau look for them.
C．Others often make fun of them.
D．They can’t find boyfriend.
小題2:The underlined word“resemblance”probably means ______.
A．troubleB．differenceC．samenessD．success
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A．Some women feel unhappy because hurricanes are given their names.
B．A lot of women complain of the Weather Bureau.
C．Many women want to be known.
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Below is a selection from a popular science book.
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Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-up?
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Do old people shrink as they age?
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A．BlueB．Dark reddish purple
C．RedD．Light yellow
小題2:Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A．Because their spine become more bent.
B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity.
C．Because they keep growing backwards.
D．Because their spine is in active use.
小題3:Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
B．When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C．In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
小題4:. In this article, we can know except _____.
A．it takes four to five times as much blood to feed our brain as to feed our heart.
B．when adult teeth are gone, they cannot grow back.
C．the reason why spinning make us dizzy.
D．how we can grow taller.
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A．To give advice on how to stay healthy.
B．To report the latest discoveries in medical science.
C．To challenge new findings in medical research.
D．To provide information about our body.

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A．Parents have greater influence than the school.
B．The school plays a greater role than parents.
C．Parents and the school have the equal power.
D．Neither parents nor the school has any influence.
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A．it is with the help of the teachers that children have an understanding of
language
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The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago. They could see the size, color, and brightness of a star. They could see its place in the sky. They watched the stars move as the seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens.
Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space. They did not know that the planet called Saturn(土星) had rings around it. Their sight was so limited that they could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s, people thought there were only six planets. Nepture(海王星), the last of eight planets to be discovered, was not seen until 1846.
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A．eyesightB．land
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B．not see their places in the sky
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A．telescopesB．spectroscopes
C．radio telescopesD．spaceships
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A．Astronomy is the oldest science that humans have known.
B．Astronomy is developing fast with the help of technology.
C．In the early 1700s, people didn’t know the existence of Neptune.
D．Over 2,000 years ago, the Greeks knew the planet Saturn had rings around it.
小題5:. This passage mainly talks about _____.
A．tools used in astronomy
B．the development of astronomy in the last 50 years
C．Greeks’ achievements in astronomy
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A world-famous Canadian author, Margaret Atwood, has created the world’s first long-distance signing device(裝置), the LongPen.
After many tiring……from city to city, Atwood thought there must be a better way to do them . She hired some technical experts and started her own company in 2004. Together they designed the LongPen. Here’s how it works: The author writes a personal message and signature on a computer tablet(手寫板) using a special pen. On the receiving end, in another city, a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the book. The author and fan can talk with each other via webcams(網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機) and computer screens。
Work on the LongPen began in Atwood’s basement(地下室). At first, they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be. The device went through several versions, including one that actually had smoke coming out of it. The investing finally completed, teat runs w ere made in Ottawa, and the LongPen was officially launched at the 2006 London Book Fair. From here , Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latest book for fans in Toronto and New York City.
The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because it copies the movement of the author in real time. It has several other potential applications. It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province. The video exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used.
“It’s really fun”, said the owner of a bookstore, who was present for one of the test runs. “Obviously you can’t shake hands with the author but there are chances for a connection that you don’t get from a regular book signing..
The response to the invention has not been all favorable. Atwood has received criticism from authors who think she is trying to end book tours. But she said, “It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldn’t  afford it.”
小題1:Why did Atwood decide to invent the LongPen?
A. To set up her own company
B. To win herself greater popularity
C. To write her books in a new way
C. To make book signings less tiring
小題2:How does the LongPen work?
A．I copies the author’s signature and prints it on a book.
B．It signs a book while receiving the author’s signature.
C．The webcam sends the author’s signature to another city.
D．The fan uses it to copy the author’s signature himself.
小題3:What do we know about the invention of the LongPen?
A．It has been completed but not put into use.
B．The basement caught fire by accident.
C．Some versions failed before its test run.
D．The designers were well-prepared for the difficulty.
小題4:How could the LongPen be used in the future?
A．To draft legal documents.
B．To improve credit card security
C．To keep a record of the author’s ideas.
D．To allow author and fan to exchange videos
小題5:What could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6?
A．Atwood doesn’t mean to end book tours.
B．Critics think the LongPen is of little use
C．Bookstore owners do not support the LongPen
D．Publishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost

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We sometimes think global warming or climate change is a problem very far away from our lives, and that only the government needs to worry about it. But it's hardly possible to completely stay out of it ­ scientists are now 95 percent sure that humans have been the “dominant cause” of global warming trends since the 1950s.
One of the conclusions of a report released on Sept 27 by the United Nations says that human activities have caused global temperatures to rise by 0.89 0C between 1901 and 2012. That might not seem like a lot, but the truth is that a major part of that heat has been absorbed into the oceans, which is not surprising given that they cover two thirds of Earth's surface. Also, water has a much greater capacity (容量) to absorb heat than the air does, according to The Economist.　
While many greenhouse gases occur naturally and are needed to keep the Earth warm enough to support life, humans' use of fossil fuels is the main source of excess (多余的) greenhouse gases. According to CNN, by driving cars, using electricity produced by burning coal and oil or heating our homes with coal or natural gas, we release a large amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Your body can barely feel a difference of 0.89 0C, but the Earth's ecosystems are so sensitive that even small changes can disturb them. It often starts with the smallest creatures at the bottom of the food chain, eventually affecting bigger animals, many of which could end up becoming extinct.
Global warming is also linked to an increase in extreme weather. A larger amount of carbon dioxide traps more energy inside the atmosphere. This changes the patterns of storms and rainfall in many regions and can lead to droughts and floods. Worse still, melting sea ice in warmer oceans is causing sea levels to rise at a speed of more than three millimeters per year, according to The Guardian, which also increases the risk of flooding.
“The report should serve as another wake­up call that our activities today have a profound impact on society, not only for us, but for many generations to come，” French Michel Jarraud, secretary­general of the World Meteorological Organization, said at a news conference.
小題1:The underlined word “dominant” in the first paragraph means “ ________”．
A．common　　　　 　　　B．indirect
C．secondaryD．leading
小題2:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Greenhouse gases have been proven to harm merely the Earth .
B．There is little we can do to prevent global warming.
C．Global warming can increase the chances of droughts and floods.
D．The hugeness of oceans makes them better absorbers of heat than the air.
小題3:The rise in global temperatures between 1901 and 2012 ________.
A．is more harmful to smaller creatures than bigger ones
B．is not serious because most of the extra heat has been absorbed by the oceans
C．has made the Earth's ecosystems more sensitive to changes
D．is likely to cause many species to become extinct
小題4:What is Michel Jarraud's attitude toward the report released by the UN?
A．Negative.B．Supportive.
C．Doubtful.D．Uninterested.

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