Question

【題目】請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意:每個(gè)空格只填 1 個(gè)單詞。

Britain Supports E-Cigarettes, US Considers Ban

The United States and Britain have very different views on e-cigarettes.

American public health officials are warning of the dangers of vaping(吸電子煙)among young people. But, British officials consider electronic cigarettes to be a powerful tool for people trying to quit smoking.

Britain’s Royal College of Physicians tells doctors to promote e-cigarettes “as widely as possible” for patients trying to give up cigarettes. And Public Health England says vaping is much less dangerous than smoking.

In the United States, hundreds of people who vape have been sickened by a mysterious lung illness. Many of them are teenagers.

In answer, the federal government and some states have recently taken steps to ban the flavored e-cigarettes that appeal to young people.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) now recommends that people consider not using e-cigarettes.

Dr. John Britton is director of the U.K. Center for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies at the University of Nottingham. He said the U.S. reaction is “complete madness.” Dr. Britton added, “The reality with smoking is, if you tell people to stop vaping, they will go back to tobacco and tobacco kills.”

Around the world, countries have different views on vaping. More than 30 nations ban e-cigarettes completely. Many European countries, including Austria, Belgium, Germany and Italy, consider e-cigarettes the same as tobacco products and control the sales of them.

However, France, just like Britain, hardly sets limits on the sales of e-cigarettes. In those countries, e-cigarettes are sold as usual consumer products.

E-cigarettes arrived in the United States in 2007 and have been mostly unregulated. Three years ago, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) got the power to oversee their use. Black market, illegal sales of e-cigarettes have grown quickly.

The FDA’s acting commissioner, Dr. Ned Sharpless, recently testified(作證)before Congress.

Several lawmakers suggested complete removal of e-cigarettes from the market.

“We do not consider these products safe, we think they have harm,” Dr. Sharpless said. “We do not think really anyone should be using them other than people using them in place of smoking regular tobacco cigarettes. “

How do e-cigarettes work? The vaping devices usually heat a solution(溶液)containing nicotine into a vapor, which is inhaled. The amount of nicotine differs widely. Some countries restrict the amount. There is no limit in the United States. But the widespread use of vaping devices among young people brought warnings from health officials. They said nicotine harms a teenager’s still-developing brain.

“What’s right for England might not be right for the U.S.,” said Ryan Kennedy. He is with the Institute for Global Tobacco Control at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

The CDC said that the mysterious lung illness appears to be in connection with THC vaping products. THC is a chemical compound that gives marijuana its high.

The agency said many of the 800 people who got sick reported vaping THC. It said it still needed more information to know whether a single product, substance or brand is responsible. Some researchers have blamed an ingredient used in vaping oils, especially in black market products.

Britain Supports E-Cigarettes, US Considers Ban
Different 【1】. Towards e-cigarettes	The USA	★Warnings are given out that vaping damages health. ★A ban on flavored e-cigarettes is 【2】.way. ★People are advised by CDC to 【3】 vaping.
	Britain	★E-cigarettes are considered as helpful for smokers to quit. ★Vaping puts people at less 【4】 than smoking. ★The medical administration promotes the prescription of vaping for patients trying to quit smoking.
	Elsewhere	★Over 30 nations ban e-cigarettes completely. ★Many European countries try to keep e-cigarettes in 【5】. ★The sales of e-cigarettes face 【6】 rules in Britain as well as in France.
Reasons for the differences	★In the USA, a mysterious lung illness, suspected to be 【7】 to THC vaping products, has spread among vapers including a lot of teenagers. ★It is believed in Britain, which thinks the USA overreacts, that people will 【8】 to deadly tobacco if vaping is banned.
Other facts about e-cigarettes	★Black market has expanded quickly due to lack of proper regulations. ★FDA recently testified( 作 證 )before Congress, of which several lawmakers suggested that e-cigarettes should be 【9】 removed from the market. ★The amount of nicotine 【10】 in the solution( 溶 液 )of vaping devices differs widely. Anyway, it harms a teenager’s still-developing brain.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】attitudes

【2】under

【3】avoid/stop

【4】risk

【5】control/check

【6】few/fewer

【7】linked/related

【8】return

【9】completely

【10】contained

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了美國(guó)和英國(guó)對(duì)電子煙采取截然不同的態(tài)度。

【1】考查名詞。根據(jù)文中第一段中的The United States and Britain have very different views on e-cigarettes（美國(guó)和英國(guó)對(duì)電子煙有不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。）可知，本文探討對(duì)電子煙不同的態(tài)度。不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)view 后接介詞 on ，而題目中介詞是towards, 所以應(yīng)使用 attitudes“態(tài)度”。故填attitudes。

【2】考查介詞。根據(jù)文中第五段have recently taken steps to ban the flavored e-cigarettes可知，已經(jīng)采取措施來(lái)禁止有味道的電子煙了，說(shuō)明這個(gè)禁令在實(shí)施中�！�under way”意為“在實(shí)施中，在進(jìn)行中”，故填under。

【3】考查實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)文中第六段recommends that people consider not using e-cigarettes（建議人們考慮不使用電子煙）可知，建議人們避免吸電子煙，根據(jù)句子意思和動(dòng)詞后接-ing的形式，可知只能是avoid 或者stop 表示避免或者停止。故填avoid/stop。

【4】考查名詞。根據(jù)文中第三段vaping is much less dangerous than smoking可知吸電子煙比吸煙威脅要少。dangerous 可轉(zhuǎn)換成at risk。故填risk。

【5】考查介詞短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)文中第八段Many European countries, including Austria, Belgium, Germany and Italy, consider e-cigarettes the same as tobacco products and control the sales of them.可知，許多歐洲國(guó)家把電子煙和煙土產(chǎn)品一樣看待，并且控制銷(xiāo)售。題目中轉(zhuǎn)換成許多歐洲國(guó)家盡力使電子煙在控制之下，固定搭配 keep… in control/ check“使……在控制之下”，故填control/check。

【6】考查形容詞或形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)第九段However, France, just like Britain, hardly sets limits on the sales of e-cigarettes. In those countries, e-cigarettes are sold as usual consumer products（然而，在法國(guó)，就像在英國(guó)一樣，對(duì)電子煙的銷(xiāo)售幾乎沒(méi)有限制。在這些國(guó)家，電子煙和其它消費(fèi)品一樣正常銷(xiāo)售）可知，和其他產(chǎn)品一樣銷(xiāo)售，說(shuō)明他們面臨的法規(guī)比較少，幾乎很少受到限制，所以填few 或者fewer。

【7】考查實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)第15段中的The CDC said that the mysterious lung illness appears to be in connection with THC vaping products可知，CDC認(rèn)為，這種捉摸不透的肺部疾病似乎與吸電子煙的產(chǎn)物——四氫大麻酚（THC）有關(guān)。其中的 in connection with“與……有關(guān)”可轉(zhuǎn)換成be linked/ related to，故填linked/related。

【8】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)文中第七段“The reality with smoking is, if you tell people to stop vaping, they will go back to tobacco and tobacco kills可知，事實(shí)是，如果你告訴人們不要吸電子煙，那么他們就會(huì)重拾真煙，而真煙會(huì)致死。其中 go back to“回到”可轉(zhuǎn)換成return to，故填return。

【9】考查副詞。根據(jù)文中第11段Several lawmakers suggested complete removal of e-cigarettes from the market可知，幾個(gè)法律制定者建議完全從市場(chǎng)上移除電子煙。其中complete修飾名詞removal, 題目中是修飾動(dòng)詞remove，所以用副詞修飾。故填completely。

【10】考查實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)文中13段中The vaping devices usually heat a solution containing nicotine into a vapor（電子煙常常將含有尼古丁的液體加熱成為氣體）可知，溶液中含有尼古丁。其中 containing nicotine 中，使用現(xiàn)在分詞修飾前面的溶液，轉(zhuǎn)換成尼古丁被含在溶液中，就需要用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)修飾前面的nicotine，故填contained。