The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, and then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human—as opposed to spiritual-values. Fulfillment in life—as opposed to concern about an afterlife—became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on (不贊同). Artists and writers now turned to secular (非宗教的) as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.
These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period—how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed, experienced, discussed, and disseminated. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music—although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature. The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half—though at different rates in different countries—that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.
【小題1】What is the passage mainly about?

A．The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European Renaissance. 
B．The musical techniques that were in use during the European Renaissance. 
C．The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical style.  
D．The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance. 
【小題2】According to the passage, Renaissance artists and writers had all of the following intentions EXCEPT _______.
A．to use religious themes 
B．to express only the pleasant parts of human experience 
C．to produce art that people would find attractive 
D．to create works that were easily understood 
【小題3】The word "disseminated" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A．played B．documented C．spread D．ignored 
【小題4】What can be inferred about the music of ancient Greece and Rome?
A．It expressed different ideals than classical sculpture, painting and poetry. 
B．It was played on instruments that are familiar to modern audiences. 
C．It had the same effect on Renaissance audiences as it had when originally performed. 
D．Its effect on listeners was described in a number of classical texts. 


【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】C
【小題4】D

解析試題解析：本文從法語(yǔ)中的“再生，復(fù)興”講述了歐洲文化復(fù)興時(shí)期的音樂(lè)文化領(lǐng)域的變化總結(jié)出：不能簡(jiǎn)單地定義文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格。
【小題1】C主旨大意題。通讀全文和根據(jù)文章第一段的第一句開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)題：The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, and then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600法語(yǔ)詞“Renaissance”的意思是“再生、復(fù)興”，第一次被應(yīng)用于歷史學(xué)家Jules Michelet的法國(guó)歷史著作，隨后被文化史學(xué)家和藝術(shù)史學(xué)家采用，最終被加入了音樂(lè)史，用于描述歐洲于1450-1600年間長(zhǎng)達(dá)150年的文化運(yùn)動(dòng)，所以C正確。
【小題2】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句話(huà)Artists and writers now turned to secular (非宗教的) as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.藝術(shù)家和作家們將他們的作品主題從宗教轉(zhuǎn)向了世俗，并試圖使他們的作品看起來(lái)更通俗易懂、更引人矚目，排除 A  C　Ｄ，所以Ｂ正確。
【小題3】C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后句中的關(guān)鍵詞：They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered人們可以看到那個(gè)時(shí)期的建筑、雕塑、戲劇以及詩(shī)歌并重現(xiàn)它們，所以上句應(yīng)該是音樂(lè)的組成、經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累、探討和傳播，所以Ｃ正確。
【小題4】D推理判斷題。根據(jù)根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容；人們可以看到那個(gè)時(shí)期的建筑、雕塑、戲劇以及詩(shī)歌并重現(xiàn)它們，卻不能真正聽(tīng)那個(gè)時(shí)期的音樂(lè)——盡管他們可以閱讀并翻譯古典哲學(xué)家、詩(shī)人、散文家和音樂(lè)理論家的作品。但他們了解到了那些古典音樂(lè)中吸引觀(guān)眾的神奇力量，并思考為什么現(xiàn)代音樂(lè)缺乏這樣的影響，加舉例說(shuō)明，所以D正確。
考點(diǎn)：考查文化類(lèi)短文閱讀。

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Must-Read about Notting Hill Carnival(狂歡節(jié))
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Bus 
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