Kindergarten outside? Yes, indeed. It’s part of a growing worldwide trend toward outdoor education. The schools are called forest kindergartens.
The numbers are small so far in the U.S., but the idea is well established in Europe, with schools in Scotland, England, and Switzerland. By far the most such schools are in Germany, which has more than 400 forest kindergartens.
Some schools feature several hours of outdoor schooling. This is certainly the case with the Waldorf School of Saratoga Springs. Children there will be venturing out on the nearby Hemlock Trail to learn more about the natural world. Some lessons are focused on nature; others are academic topics delivered in a natural setting. In all cases, students are active-not sitting at desks or on mats on the floor but walking, running, jumping, solving problems like how to get the mud off the bottoms of their shoes before their parents find out.
Seriously, the focus is on activity at these schools. Studies have shown that children’s immune systems actually get stronger after all of the outdoor activity, and that graduates of forest kindergartens show a higher ability to learn when they progress through their academic careers.
Other schools are all outdoors, all the time. This is the case with the Cedar Song Nature School, on Vashon Island, Washington. Students at this school spend their whole three–hour day outdoors, in a private five-acre forest, doing all kinds of physical activities.
At these forest kindergartens, students learn science by observing and doing it, learn math by applying it to the natural world around them, learn letters and words by putting them together using sights and sounds. These students learn how to get along with one another, individually and in a group. They also develop healthy levels of self-confidence.
Nowadays many children become obese(肥胖的) because of sedentary（久坐的） activities like watching television and playing video games. These outdoor schools give children chances to learn just as much, if not more, from opening their eyes to the real world around them.
小題1:What do we know about forest kindergartens?
A．The first one was created in England.B．They are very popular in Germany.
C．There are 400 all over the world.D．Their number is huge in the U.S.
小題2:What is special about forest kindergartens?
A．Kids learn more than those at ordinary kindergartens.
B．Students go outside when weather permits.
C．They value activity very much.
D．They are situated in forests.
小題3:The main difference between the Waldorf School and Cedar Song Nature School lies in______.
A．the subjectsB．the activities
C．the outdoor timeD．the teaching methods
小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Get close to natureB．A new trend of education
C．Forest kindergartens are popularD．Outdoor education benefits kids a lot

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:C
小題4:D

試題分析：本文主要討論的是子啊歐洲出現(xiàn)的新型的幼兒園的話題，這些幼兒園里學(xué)生主要是在戶外活動(dòng)的，學(xué)到很多自然方面的知識(shí)。
小題1:B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后2行By far the most such schools are in Germany, which has more than 400 forest kindergartens.說明在德國這樣的幼兒園最流行，故B正確。
小題2:C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章3,4,5段第一句Some schools feature several hours of outdoor schooling.和Seriously, the focus is on activity at these schools.以及Other schools are all outdoors, all the time. 都說明在這樣的幼兒園里，戶外活動(dòng)是最看重的，故Ｃ正確。。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)3,4段第一句Some schools feature several hours of outdoor schooling. This is certainly the case with the Waldorf School 和Other schools are all outdoors, all the time. This is the case with the Cedar Song Nature School, 說明the Waldorf School只有幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間，而在the Cedar Song Nature School則是都在外面，故時(shí)間上的差別是最主要的，故C正確。
小題4:主旨大意題。本文主要討論的是子啊歐洲出現(xiàn)的新型的幼兒園的話題，這些幼兒園里學(xué)生主要是在戶外活動(dòng)的，學(xué)到很多自然方面的知識(shí)，故D正確。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文講述的是在歐洲出現(xiàn)的新型的幼兒園的情況介紹，本文考查細(xì)節(jié)題為主，細(xì)節(jié)題可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息?或是其變體。搜查信息在閱讀中非常重要它包括理解作者在敘述某事時(shí)使用的具體事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)、圖表等細(xì)節(jié)信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開的細(xì)節(jié)。做這類題一般采用尋讀法?即先讀題?然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文?找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語或句子?再對(duì)相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比?找出答案。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Next Stop: Planet Mars
Fly me to the moon? That’s not far enough. On September 14, 2011, NASA released designs for a superrocket, the Space Launch System (SLS). This time the final destination will be Mars.
The SLS is a huge, liquid-fuelled rocket. If it is fully developed, it will be the most powerful rocket ever built. Its lift capability will be much bigger than that of the space shuttle of Saturn 5, the rocket that sent the Apollo missions to the moon.
NASA is planning to launch its first unmanned test flight in 2017. It is hoped that the first crew will fly in 2021 and astronauts will make it to a nearby asteroid(小行星) in 2025. NASA hopes to send the rocket and astronauts to Mars from the asteroid by the 2030s, according to the Associated Press (AP).
NASA used liquid rockets to send Apollo, Gemini and Mercury into space, but later changed to solid rockets boosters(助推火箭) because they were cheaper. Tragically, however, a booster flaw(缺陷) caused the space shuttle Challenger to crash in 1986. The new project plans to return to liquid fuel.
According to AP, the rockets will at first be able to carry 77 to 110 tons of payload(凈載重量). Eventually they will be able to carry 143 tons into space, maybe even as many as 165 tons, NASA officials said. By comparison, the Saturn 5 booster could lift 130 tons and the space shuttle just 27 tons.
However, unlike reusable shuttles, these powerful rockets are mostly one use only. New ones have to be built for every launch. This will be very costly.
NASA estimates that it will cost about $3 billion (19 billion yuan) per year, or $18 billion until the first test flight in 2017. NASA hopes to make money by allowing private companies to send astronauts to the International Space Station like giant taxi services, so that the program can be “sustainable”.
“This is perhaps the biggest thing for space exploration in decades,” said Senator Bill Nelson, a former astronaut. “The goal is to fly humans safely beyond low-Earth orbit(軌道) and deep into outer space where we cannot only survive, but one day also live.”
小題1:What is the outstanding feature of the SLS?
A．It’s equipped with an advanced control system.
B．It’s the first unmanned space shuttle in the world.
C．It’s the only vehicle that can fly astronauts to the moon.
D．It can send a lot more goods and passengers into space.
小題2:What is Saturn 5?
A．An aircraft that had a deadly flaw and crashed in 1986.
B．A series of rockets that once sent astronauts to the moon.
C．An unmanned space shuttle that was once famous in the world.
D．A kind of launch vehicle that will be used to carry astronauts to Mars.
小題3:NASA plans to use liquid fuel in the new project because ______ than solid rockets boosters.
A．it is less costly
B．it is much safer
C．it can last longer
D．it is more environmentally friendly
小題4:According to NASA’s schedule, it will take ______ years to fully complete the SLS program.
A．a(chǎn)bout 6B．a(chǎn)bout 10
C．less than 14 D．more than 19
小題5:It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．the SLS program is planning to make reusable rockets
B．the goal of the SLS program is to enable humans to live on the moon
C．the US government may not have provided enough money for the SLS program
D．NASA will use SLS as a space taxi between the Earth and Mars

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Some people have very good memory（記憶力） and they can easily remember quite long texts. There are other people who can only remember things when they have said them again and again. The famous English writer Charles Dickens said that he could walk down any long street in London and then tell you the name of every shop he had passed. Many great men of the world have a wonderful memory.
A good memory is greatly helpful in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by remembering what he hears when he is a small child, and some children, like the boys and girls who live abroad(國外) with their parents, seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one. In school it is not so easy to learn a second language because the students have so little time for it, and they are very busy with other subjects too.
A man’s mind is like a camera, but it takes photos not only of what we see but also of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. When we take a real photo with a camera, Some people have very good memory（記憶力） and they can easily remember quite long texts.In the same way, there is much work to be done before we can keep a picture forever(永遠(yuǎn)) in our minds.
Memory is a diary, and we all carry it about us. We keep things we have experienced (經(jīng)歷)in this diary.
小題1:Which of the following is true?
A．Charles Dickens had a good memory because he was a famous writer.
B．People without a good memory cannot be great men of the world.
C．People became great because they have a good memory.
D．Many people may never become great though they have a good memory.
小題2:To learn a language well, one must ________.
A．live abroadB．write it every day
C．often hear itD．go to school
小題3:The writer thinks a camera in one’s mind can take photos of ______.
A．what we see
B．what we feel and hear
C．what we smell and taste
D．what we see, feel, hear, smell and taste
小題4:If you have a good memory, ________.
A．you can learn a second language easily
B．you can remember things for ever easily
C．you can learn your own language easily
D．you can remember things better
小題5:Which of the following is true?
A．We all keep a diary in our mind.
B．One has to do a lot of work before he can keep a picture in his mind forever.
C．A person with a good memory can remember things forever.
D．A good memory helps to remember everything forever.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

When we read books we seem to enter a new world. This new world can be similar to the one we are living in, or it can be very __50__. Some stories are told as if they were true. Real people who live in a __51__ world do real things; in other words, the stories are about people just like us doing what we do. Other stories, such as the Harry Potter books, are not __52__. They are characters and creatures that are very different from us and do things that would be impossible for us.
But there is more to books and writing than this. If we think about it, even realistic writing is only __53__. How can we tell the difference between what is real and what is not real? For example, when we read about Harry Potter, we do seem to learn something about the real world. And when Harry studies magic at Hogwarts, he also learns more about his real life than __54__. Reading, like writing, is an action. It is a way of thinking. When we read or write something, we do much more than simple look at words on a page. We use our __55__, which is real, and our imagination, which is real in a different way, to make the words come to life in our minds.
Both realism and fantasy (幻想) use the imagination and the “magic” of reading and writing to make us think. When we read something realistic, we have to __56__ that the people we are reading about are just like us, even though we __57__ that we are real and they are not. It sounds __58__, but it works. When we read, we fill in missing information and __59__ the causes and effects of what a character does. We help the writer by __60__ that what we read is like real life. __61__, we are writing the book, too.
Most of us probably don’t think about what is going on in our __62__ when we are reading. We pick up a book and lose ourselves in a good story, eager to find out what will __63__ next. Knowing how we feel when we read can help us become better __64__, and it will help us discover more about the real magic of books.
小題1:
A．differentB．possibleC．importantD．necessary
小題2:
A．commonB．usualC．normalD．certain
小題3:
A．instructiveB．realisticC．reasonableD．moral
小題4:
A．plannedB．thinkableC．designedD．imagined
小題5:
A．magicB．lessonsC．dreamsD．experience
小題6:
A．grammarB．knowledgeC．skillD．words
小題7:
A．recallB．ensureC．imagineD．understand
小題8:
A．hopeB．findC．learnD．know
小題9:
A．terribleB．dangerousC．seriousD．strange
小題10:
A．think aboutB．talk ofC．learn fromD．forget about
小題11:
A．guessingB．tellingC．pretendingD．promising
小題12:
A．In a wayB．As usualC．On the contraryD．By the way
小題13:
A．societyB．mindsC．lifeD．world
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)ppearB．a(chǎn)rgueC．happenD．develop
小題15:
A．writersB．fans C．professionalsD．readers

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The clock struck eleven at night. The whole house was quiet. Everyone was in bed except me. Under the strong light, I looked sadly before a huge pile of troublesome stuff they call “books”.
I was going to have my examination the next day. "When can I go to bed?" I asked myself. I didn’t answer, in fact I dared not.
The clock struck 12. "Oh, dear!" I cried, "ten more books to read before I can go to bed!” We pupils are the most wretched creatures in the world. Dad does not agree with me on this. He did not have to study so hard when he was a boy ."
The clock struck one. I was quite hopeless now. I forgot all I had learned. I was too tired to go on. I did the only thing I could. I prayed, “Oh, God, Please help me pass the exam tomorrow. I do promise to work hard afterwards, Amen.”  My eyes were heavy, so heavy that I could hardly open them. A few minutes later, with my head on the desk, I fell asleep.
小題1:When the author was going over his lessons, all the others in the house were_____ .
A．a(chǎn)sleepB．working in bed
C．outsideD．quietly laughing at him
小題2:Reviewing his lessons didn’t help him because ________.
A．it was too late at night
B．he was very tired
C．his eyes lids were so heavy that he couldn’t keep them open
D．he hadn’t studied hard before the examination
小題3:What do you suppose happened to the author？
A．He went to a church to pray again
B．He passed the exam by luck
C．He failed in the exam
D．He was punished by his teacher
小題4:The best title for the passage would be __________ .
A．The Night Before the Examination
B．Working Far into the Night
C．A Slow Student
D．Going Over My Lessons

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

My grandson is seven now. He lives 100 miles away. He  36 my mobile phone number when he was only four.  37 , he has called me every night.
He also  38  calls me at other times during the day just to  39  a happy or sad moment. Many times he is holding a basketball with one hand, or  40  with a friend about something I don’t quite  41 , or crying about something. I just  42  and laugh or cry with him — just share his emotion. I always let him be in  43  of the conversation, the emotion, and the amount of time he’s on the  44  with me. Many times I just listen to him  45  or listen while he does his homework aloud.
The  46  time I take control of the conversation is when he’s  47  to say goodbye at night. Then I say, “I love you, baby”. One  48  I thought maybe he was  49  of hearing those words, so I didn’t say them. He immediately called me back and told me that I  50  to say the sentence! Since then I have never  51  saying it again!
All my friends know he takes precedence over (比……重要) all other things. If I’m at a place where I really can’t take his  52 , I always excuse myself and  53  tell him I’ll call him back in a few minutes. I want him to know that he takes first place in my  54 .
Every child needs at least one  55  in their life to listen and share with. I am glad to give my grandson the love he needs.
小題1:
A．memorizedB．keptC．noticedD．wrote
小題2:
A．Once againB．Since thenC．Later onD．Shortly after
小題3:
A．briefly B．directly C．instantly D．frequently
小題4:
A．express B．discuss C．shareD．mark
小題5:
A．comparing B．laughingC．studying D．quarrelling
小題6:
A．understandB．enjoyC．believe D．remember
小題7:
A．look B．talk C．sit D．listen
小題8:
A．charge B．need C．support D．face
小題9:
A．conversationB．phoneC．wayD．game
小題10:
A．play B．sleepC．lieD．a(chǎn)ct
小題11:
A．lastB．only C．perfectD．right
小題12:
A．willing B．determinedC．ready D．eager
小題13:
A．dayB．night C．weekend D．morning
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)fraid B．tiredC．a(chǎn)ware D．a(chǎn)shamed
小題15:
A．decided B．learnt C．a(chǎn)greed D．forgot
小題16:
A．escaped B．failed C．missedD．denied
小題17:
A．invitation B．callC．help D．a(chǎn)ttention
小題18:
A．naturallyB．politely C．simply D．happily
小題19:
A．workB．brainC．a(chǎn)ppointment D．heart
小題20:
A．friendB．grandparentC．a(chǎn)dultD．teacher

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Going to school from 8 am until 5 pm may sound terrible，but Sydney Shaw，a seventh grader at the Alain Locke Charter Academy on Chicago's West Side，has come to like it—as well as the extra 20 or so days that she's in class every year．“I'm sure every kid at this school says bad things about the schedule sometimes，”says Sydney, who was at school on Columbus Day, when most Chicago schools had a holiday．“But we all know it's for our benefit.”
Finding ways to give kids more classroom time，through longer hours，a longer school year，or both，is getting more attention．“If you want to look at schools where the achievement gap is narrowing, they're saying they couldn't do it without the added time，”says Jennifer Davis．“Even when you get good teachers into schools，you also need more time．”
According to studies, low-income students fall back more than two months in their reading skills over summer vacations．“It's over the summer months that poor kids fall behind，”says Karl Alexander，a sociologist．“If you have parents who themselves didn't succeed at school and aren't highly educated，kids aren't going to get those skills at home．”
Schools are asked to take a full year to plan how to best use the extra time—a process involving teachers，principals，students and parents．They are given outside support to help them base their plans on the best available analyses of student needs．It's still early，but officials are already seeing stronger test scores and a narrowing achievement gap．
But some critics are worried．“We risk producing something that's very expensive and time-consuming, and that will give educators a lot of trouble，”says Frederick Hess．“Before we spend all that extra money，I'd much rather see if we can figure out how to get 50 percent more instructional time out of the current school day．”
小題1:From the first paragraph，we learn that      ．
A．the longer schedule is harmful to kid's health
B．a(chǎn)ll Chicago students had a holiday on Columbus Day
C．Sydney Shaw supports the added time
D．few kids are bored with the lack of holidays
小題2:Low-income students fall behind in summer because      ．
A．no good teachers are willing to teach them
B．they can't get help from their parents
C．their parents are unwilling to hire private teachers
D．they themselves have no desire to learn
小題3:Some people are worried about adding school hours mainly because      ．
A．it will have a bad effect on the kids’ futures
B．the current school day has been too busy
C．no one supports the idea
D．it will be costly and time-consuming
小題4:The text is mainly about      ．
A．whether a longer school day will help narrow the achievement gap
B．how students have benefited from additional school hours
C．why the achievement gap among students needs to be narrowed
D．what causes the achievement gap among students

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We lived in a very quiet neighborhood. One evening I heard a loud crash in the street. Earlier that evening my wife had asked me to go to the store to get some soft drinks. It seemed like this would be a good time to let my teenage daughter Holly practice her driving, so I sent her to the store in my truck.
At dinner my son talked about how much he liked my truck. I enjoyed having it, but I said: "Guy, my heart is not set on that truck. I like it but it is just metal and won’t last forever. Never set your heart on anything that won’t last."
After hearing the loud noise, the whole family ran outside. My son shouted: "Dad! Dad, Holly crashed your truck."
My heart sank and my mind was flooded with conflicting thoughts. Was anyone hurt? Who else was involved? As I ran to the door, I heard a voice in my heart say: "Here is a chance to show Holly what you really love. She’ll never forget it."
The accident had occurred in my own driveway. Holly had crashed my truck into our other vehicle, the family van (搬運(yùn)車). In her inexperience, she had confused the brakes and the gas pedal. Holly was unhurt physically, but when I reached her, she was crying and saying: "Oh, Dad, I’m sorry. I know how much you love this truck." I held her in my arms as she cried.
Later that week a friend stopped by and asked what had happened to my truck. I told her the whole story. Her eyes moistened (濕潤) and she said: "That happened to me when I was a girl. I borrowed my dad’s car and ran into a log that had fallen across the road. I ruined the car. When I got home my Dad knocked me to the ground and began to kick me."
Over 40 years later, she still felt the pain of that night.
I remember how sad Holly was and how I comforted her. One day, when Holly thinks back on her life, I want her to know what really matters in my life.
小題1:How did the crash happen?
A．The van was parked in the wrong place that evening.
B．Holly stepped on the gas pedal instead of the brakes.
C．The brakes of the truck didn’t work properly.
D．Holly was too careless and young to drive a truck.
小題2:Why didn’t the writer punish Holly?
A．He was so rich that he didn’t care about losing one truck.
B．He thought there was no point punishing her after the accident.
C．He believed the truck was made of metal and of poor quality.
D．He wanted Holly to know he loved her more than any possessions.
小題3:What does the underlined sentence mean?
A．She still suffered physical pain.
B．She felt guilty of damaging the car.
C．It left a deep wound on her soul.
D．She was not forgiven by her Dad.
小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．What really matters?
B．Better to forgive and forget
C．Who is to blame?
D．Accidents will happen

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most of us seem to reach our peak of alertness (警覺) around noon. Soon after that, alertness declines, and sleepiness may set in by mid-afternoon.
Your short-term memory is best during the morning—in fact, about 15 percent more efficient than at any other time of day. So, students, take notice: when you are faced with a morning exam, it really does pay to review your notes right before the test is given.
However, long-term memory is different. Afternoon is the best time for learning materials that you want to recall days, weeks or months later. Politicians, business executives or others who must learn speeches would be smart to do their memorizing during that time of day. You should try to do most of your studying in the afternoon, rather than late at night. Many students believe they memorize better while burning the midnight oil because their short-term recall is better during the early hours of the morning than in the afternoon. But short-term memory won’t help them much several days later, when they face the exam.
By contrast, we tend to do best on tasks related to the process of knowing, understanding, and learning numbers during the morning hours.
What about sports? During afternoon and early evening, you’re able to react the quickest to an outside stimulus—like a baseball speeding toward you. Studies have also shown that late in the day, when your body temperature is peaking, you will consider PE easier and less tiring—whether it actually is or not. That means you are more likely to work harder during a late afternoon or early evening workout, and therefore benefit more from it.  
In fact, all of your senses—taste, sight, hearing, touch and smell—may be at their keenest during late afternoon and early evening. That could be why dinner usually tastes better to us than breakfast.
While all of us follow the same general pattern of ups and downs, the exact timing varies from person to person. It all depends on how your “biological” day is structured. Each of us can increase our knowledge about our individual rhythms. Learn how to listen to the inner beats of your body; let them set the pace of your day. You will live a healthier and happier life.
小題1:What does the underlined “it really does pay” mean?
A．It will cost a lot.B．It requires price.
C．It is very painful. D．It is worthwhile.
小題2:If there is an English exam two weeks later, you should go over English ____________ for days before that.
A．in the afternoonB．in the late evening
C．in the early morningD．right before the exam
小題3:From the passage, it can be inferred that ______________.
A．we eat more food at noon
B．we feel most tired if we exercise in the evening
C．it is a good choice to study math in the morning
D．we feel most sleepy before noon
小題4:Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．What’s Your Best Time of the Day for Different Tasks
B．How to Live a Healthier and Happier Life
C．How to Study Efficiently
D．How to Keep Your Best State of Learning

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