Question

2．Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want．The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services．Most businesses seek to make a profit（利潤）-that is，they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business．（36）DCommonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers．（37）CBusiness management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning，direction，and control of the operations of a business．（38）GOne is the establishment（制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production； sales； the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies； and accounting．（39）EThe third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments．Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（監(jiān)管）and guidance by the management in authority．（40）A

A．Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work．
B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management．
C．Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals．
D．However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs．
E．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments．
F．In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects．
G．Planning in business management has three main aspects．

Answer 1

分析 本文主要商業(yè)活動進行了大致的闡述--商業(yè)活動包含盈利與不盈利機構，以及商業(yè)管理所包含的三個方面--技術、導向以及商業(yè)運行調控．

解答 DCGEA
36．D  通過空格后的句子Commonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers是講一種不盈利的機構，前文講述的是商業(yè)機構的目的是為了賺取利潤，所以講到兩種不同的情況，因此可以推測空格處表達轉折，且講到不盈利的機構，可以選D．意為"這些機構僅僅是賺取它們自身運轉的費用"；
37．C  根據(jù)空格前面的內容講的是不盈利機構nonprofits，可以推知接著是對不盈利機構進行舉例，故答案為C；
38．G 根據(jù)空格前面的內容Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning，direction，and control of the operations of a business．可知講的是"商業(yè)管理"（Business management），空格后的內容是對三個方面進行闡述，空格的內容屬于對planning的闡述，故答案為G；
39．E  根據(jù)空格前后的內容可知，前面闡述了planning，后面the third…闡述了 the control of the operations of a business（商業(yè)運作的控制）關系到所有部門的工作標準的建立（The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments），所以空格內容為the second…，用來闡述direction關系到部門對各項政策的實行（the application of these policies by departments），故答案為E；
40．A  最后一點可以根據(jù)前一句推知，前面一句說明"導向主要涉及權威管理的引導和監(jiān)管"（Direction is concerned primarily with supervision and guidance by the management in authority），可推知"控制包括了報告和記錄的作用--用來對比實際工作與工作標準是否符合"．故答案為A．

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