Men and women are still treated unequally in the workplace. Women continue to earn less, on average, for the same performance. Research has shown that both conscious(有意識的) and subconscious biases (偏見) contribute to this problem. But we’ve discovered another source of inequality: Women often don’t get what they want and deserve because they don’t ask for it. In three separate studies, we found that men are more likely than women to negotiate for what they want.
The first study found that the starting salaries of male MBAs who had recently graduated from Carnegie Mellon were 7.6%, or almost $4,000, higher on average than those of female MBAs from the same program. That’s because most of the women had simply accepted the employer’s salary offer; in fact, only 7% had attempted to negotiate. But 57% of their male counterparts--or eight times as many men as women—had asked for more.
Another study tested this gender difference in the lab. Subjects were told that they would be observed playing a word game and that they would be paid between $3 and $10 for playing. After each subject completed the task, an experimenter thanked the participant and said, “Here’s $3. Is $3 OK?” For the men, it was not OK, and they said so. Their requests for more money are nine times as many as the women’s.
The largest of the three studies surveyed several hundred people over the Internet, asking them about the most recent negotiations they’d attempted or started and when they expected to negotiate next. The study showed that men place themselves in negotiation situations much more often than women do.
There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon. First, women often are taught from an early age not to promote their own interests and to focus instead on the needs of others. The messages girls receive—from parents, teachers, other children, the media, and society in general—can be so powerful that when they grow up they may not realize that they’ve made this behavior part of them, or they may realize it but not understand how it affects their willingness to negotiate. Women tend to think that they will be recognized and rewarded for working hard and doing a good job. Unlike men, they haven’t been taught that they can ask for more.
【小題1】According to this passage, what causes the inequality in the workplace?
A.social bias |
B.women’s poorer working ability |
C.women’s worse academic background |
D.women’s less negotiating |
A.Women are more likely to accept the employer’s salary offer. |
B.Men tend to ask for more money than woman. |
C.Women care more about other’s interest instead of themselves’. |
D.Men believe that the better they work, the better they’re paid. |
A.The suggestions given to women. |
B.The warnings to men. |
C.Another reason for women’s not asking. |
D.Another reason for men’s asking. |
【小題1】D
【小題2】A
【小題3】D
【小題4】C
解析試題分析:不管是有意的還是無意的,在工作場所仍然存在著男女不平等的現(xiàn)象,同等情況下,女士的報(bào)酬要低一些。但是通過調(diào)查,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)婦女沒有得到她們應(yīng)該得到的待遇,究其原因和她們自身不去要求,不去洽談有關(guān)。
【小題1】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段we’ve discovered another source of inequality:…… because they don’t ask for it. 以及we found that men are more likely than women to negotiate for what they want.可知婦女受到不平等待遇的原因之一是因?yàn)樗齻儾蝗ヌ岢鲆螅蝗f(xié)商,故答案選D。
【小題2】A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段末句The study showed that men place themselves in negotiation situations much more often than women do.可知男士比女士更經(jīng)常去洽談自己的待遇等問題,而圖表A反映出的信息是絕大多數(shù)女士希望在四周內(nèi)去進(jìn)行協(xié)商,而男士卻希望在一周內(nèi)去進(jìn)行洽談,恰好能夠反映此方面內(nèi)容,故答案選A。
【小題3】D從文章末段末句Unlike men, they haven’t been taught that they can ask for more. 可知女士們都認(rèn)為努力工作自然就會得到認(rèn)可,就會有好的回報(bào),不像男孩子一樣,她們沒有被教給要自己去要求,自己去爭取,由此可知男士們并不認(rèn)為自己工作做的好報(bào)酬自然就會高,故D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容錯誤。
【小題4】C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon. First…. 可知作者提出有幾種原因來解釋這種現(xiàn)象,但是末段只提到了第一種,由此推斷在下面段落中作者還將介紹其他的原因,故答案選C。
考點(diǎn):考查社會現(xiàn)象類短文閱讀。
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
An old problem is getting new attention in the United States—bullying.Recent cases included the tragic case of a fifteen-year-old girl whose family moved from Ireland.She hanged herself in Massachusetts in January following months of bullying.Her parents criticized her school for failing to protect her.Officials have brought criminal charges against several teenagers.
Judy Kaczynski is president of an anti-bullying group called Bully Police USA.Her daughter Tina was the victim of severe bullying starting in middle school in the state of Minnesota.She said, "Our daughter was a very outgoing child.She was a bubbly personality, very involved in all kinds of things, had lots of friends.And over a period of time her grades fell completely.She started having health issues.She couldn't sleep.She wasn't eating.She had terrible stomach pains.She started clenching her jaw and grinding her teeth at night.She didn't want to go to school."
Bullying is defined as negative behavior repeated over time against the same person. It can involve physical violence.Or it can be verbal — for example, insults or threats.Spreading lies about someone or excluding a person from a group is known as social or relational bullying.
And now there is cyberbullying, which uses the Internet, e-mail or text messages.It has easy appeal for the bully because it does not involve face-to-face contact and it can be done at any time.
The first serious research studies into bullying were done in Norway in the late 1970s.The latest government study in the United States was released last year.It found that about one-third of students age twelve to eighteen were bullied at school.
Susan Sweater is a psychologist at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and co-director of the Bullying Research Network.She says schools should treat bullying as a mental health problem to get bullies and victims the help they need.She says bullying is connected to depression, anxiety and anti-social behavior, and bullies are often victims themselves.
【小題1】From the case of Tina, we can know that .
A.bullying is rare | B.victims suffered a lot |
C.schools are to blame | D.personalities are related |
A.To beat someone repeatedly. |
B.To call someone names. |
C.To isolate someone from friends. |
D.To refuse to help someone in need. |
A.Because it can involve more people. |
B.Because it can create worse effects. |
C.Because it is more convenient. |
D.Because it can avoid cheating. |
A.bullies are anti-social |
B.bullies should give victims help |
C.students are not equally treated |
D.bullies themselves also need help |
A.Bullying—Old Irish Girl Committed Suicide |
B.15-Year-Old Irish Girl Committed Suicide |
C.Cyberbullying-Taking Off in Schools |
D.How to Find Bullying among Teens |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
“I pity the empress. Poor empress.” “Do you think Zhen Huan really loves the emperor?” From campuses to offices, from shopping malls to the streets, talk about Legend of Zhen Huan is everywhere.
Unlike other long TV series, Legend of Zhen Huan, the 76-episode Qing dynasty drama series, has kept attracting new audiences along the way. It has enjoyed widespread popularity on the Chinese mainland over the past months.
The story is seemingly the same as those dramas which look into the lives of women in the imperial palace. It focuses on plots and intrigues(陰謀) within the Inner Palace during Emperor Yongzheng’s reign.
The heroine, Zhen Huan, initially a kind and innocent young lady, enters the emperor’s harem(后宮) of concubines. Discovering that the palace is a cruel and harsh place, Zhen learns how to survive on her own.
However, Legend of Zhen Huan seems to arouse more discussion than any drama series. Why? Some experts say it’s because it’s a well-made series from inside out.
Niu Hanting, deputy editor-in-chief of Art Panorama magazine, told Xinhua News Agency that the sets, props and costumes are carefully chosen. And the screenplay and dialogue are well-written. “The series takes care of every detail a good period drama should have,” Niu said. “From that aspect, it’s no coincidence that Zhen Huan could be big.” More importantly, Niu added, the TV series strikes a chord among audiences in different ways. “For example, as a woman, Zhen is hurt by the man she once loved. And as a newcomer to the palace, she finds herself caught in the fierce infighting and she has to survive,” Niu said, “Everyone may find themselves in Zhen’s position at a certain point.”
Then it’s not hard to understand why the story of Zhen Huan is even seen as a survival guide for newcomers in the workplace. Its director, Zheng Xiaolong, once admitted that in terms of society today, the “promotion” of Zhen Huan reflects a person’s career path in some way. “Whether the principles can be applied in today’s society, or not, I want to make the story as real as possible,” Zheng told Sina.com. “There are many fairytale-like series that make audiences ignore or avoid reality, and the complexity of humanity.” “But Legend of Zhen Huan, is a series that makes you think.”
【小題1】What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?
A.People have pity on the empress. |
B.Zhen Huan really loves the emperor. |
C.Legend of Zhen Huan is very popular. |
D.Legend of Zhen Huan is shown everywhere. |
A.The imperial palace. |
B.The life of women. |
C.Emperor Yongzheng’s reign. |
D.The story of Zhen Huan. |
A.learns to survive on her own |
B.a(chǎn)sks others for advice |
C.feels down and disappointed |
D.becomes an innocent young lady |
A.thinks Zhen has had effects on newcomers |
B.makes little of Legend of Zhen Huan |
C.speaks highly of Legend of Zhen Huan |
D.wants newcomer to follow Zhen’s example |
A.textbook | B.newspaper |
C.a(chǎn)dvertisement | D.story book |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
There is no question that fewer teenagers are on the roads in the US.
In 1978, 50% of 16-year-olds had got their first driving licence. In 2008, according to the US Transportation Department, it was just 30%. The number of those aged 19 and under with driving licences has also been declining since 1978, when 11, 989, 000 had licence. In 2010, it was 9, 932, 441, or 4.1% of American drivers.
In the UK, 683, 273 teenagers have driving licences- just 1.85% of total licence holders, according to Department of Transport figures from September 2010.
But the decline in the US may have more to do with tougher tests and the introduction of the new rule in many states, which force drivers aged under 16 to be with licensed drivers of 21 years and older when driving.
In recent years, the annual number of journeys being made by American drivers of all ages has declined clearly for the first time ever. Car use began falling in 2007, when average petrol prices almost doubled to $4.12 a gallon, and the economy became worse.
But there are signs that it is getting back to normal and American remains a country on wheels. It has a higher number of cars per head of population than any other country in the world.
“Cars will always be a popular means of transportation in America. You have to take into consideration some places don’t have access to public transportation. Cars are the only way some people can get around,” says Kristin Nevels. This makes driving necessary in some rural states, where about twice as many teenagers are on the road than in big cities.
【小題1】The underlined word “declining” in the second paragraph most probably means “__________”.
A.rising | B.dropping | C.improving | D.holding |
A.traffic jams | B.harder tests | C.expensive petrol | D.worst economy |
A.doubts the popularity of the car use in the future. |
B.thinks American people can not live without cars. |
C.holds confident attitude to the cars’ future in America. |
D.believes America should build up its public transportation. |
A.The UK has more teenager drivers than the US. |
B.A 15-year-old boy cannot drive alone in the US. |
C.The US has very developed bus transportation system. |
D.Big cities have more teenager drivers than rural areas in the US. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always getting criticism. Their critics(批評家)seem to resent(對...不滿) them because they have a gift for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s unjust,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’
The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods comes largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws(內(nèi)部規(guī)則) while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration(定量) of disasters.
We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not survive without this source of revenue(收益). The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch(giving birth), match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘a(chǎn)gony’ column(讀者來信專欄). No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!
【小題1】What is main idea of this passage?
A.Advertisements. |
B.Advertisements bring fun to readers. |
C.Advertisers perform a useful service to communities. |
D.The costs of advertisements. |
A.a(chǎn)ppreciative. | B.trustworthy. | C.critical | D.dissatisfactory. |
A.Because advertisers often brag(自夸). |
B.Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”. |
C.Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary. |
D.Because customers pay more. |
A.Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything. |
B.We can buy what we want. |
C.Good quality products don’t need to be advertised. |
D.Advertisement makes our life colorful. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
An Israeli law banning too skinny models went into effect with the start of 2013. The law, approved last March in Israel, requires models to prove they have maintained a Body Mass Index (BMI) of at least 18.5 for three months before a fashion show. That means a woman who is 5'8''tall can weigh no less than 119 pounds.
“This law is another step in the war against eating disorders,” said physician Adatto. “Underweight models,” he explained, “can no longer serve as role models for innocent young people who copy their false image of being skinny.”
But some critics in this country say it is misguided, focusing on weight instead of health. They also say the Israeli ban is bound to fail because of the strong power of the fashion industry. “I think it’s an approach that isn’t going to work.” Said eating disorder expert Susan Ice, who worked with an organization which creates a healthy working environment for models.
But Adatto told the reporter that he began to concern the issue after meeting an ambitious model who looked like she needed to be hospitalized. He said. “I realized that only legislation can change the situation. There was no time to waste, so many girls were dieting to death.”
However, the efforts to regulate models’ weight in Spain and Italy have not resulted in significant changes in part because of difficulties in determining reliable methods of measuring weight and health.
Still, folks including Ice say there’s no denying that images from Hollywood and the fashion industry can be difficult for young women to deal with. “Certainly I don't believe the modeling industry has caused the rise in eating disorders, but it makes it harder,” she says. “It’s a difficult recovery environment, worshiping thinness as the beauty ideal.”
【小題1】What does BMI in the first paragraph refer to?
A.A measure of body health based on height and weight. |
B.A worldwide prize for the healthiest model. |
C.A new show held by those skinny models. |
D.A kind of medicine to cure eating disorders. |
A.to change the working conditions of models |
B.to lower the chance of skinny models’ death |
C.to provide guidance for women worshiping thinness |
D.to prevent models from suffering from eating disorders |
A.it misleads young women to form a bad eating habit. |
B.it doesn’t provide a proper approach that can work well. |
C.it doesn’t create a healthy working environment for models. |
D.the fashion industry is much too influential. |
A.Meeting an ambitious but too skinny model. |
B.Establishing his fashion model agent. |
C.Being interviewed by a reporter. |
D.Seeing a model die from eating disorders. |
A.practical | B.controversial | C.a(chǎn)cceptable | D.Reasonable |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happen to be that unfairly treated member of society --- a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I am convinced the things are being run merely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a deceptive (欺騙的) new motto for so-called “service” organizations --- Staff Before Service.
How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there was not enough staff on duty to manage all the service grilles or checkout counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to hire cashiers and counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that uncovering all their cash registers at any one time would increase operating costs. And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service grilles to be occupied “at times when demand is low”.
It is the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is cut short. As for us guests, we just have to put up with it. There is also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been thrown out of their jobs in the interests of “efficiency” and replaced by coin-eating machines which offer everything. Not to mention the tea-making kit in your room a kettle with a mixed collection of tea bags, plastic milk boxes and lump sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I do not, especially when I am paying for “service”.
Can it be stopped, this worsening of service, this growing attitude that the customer is always a trouble? I angrily hope so because it is happening, sadly, in all walks of life.
Our only hope is to hammer home our anger whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, bring back into practice that other, older slogan --- Take Our Deal Elsewhere.
【小題1】The writer feels that nowadays customers __________.
A.have become victims of modern organizations |
B.a(chǎn)re unworthy of proper consideration |
C.have received high quality service |
D.deserve the lowest status in society |
A.customers’ demands have greatly changed |
B.customers’ needs have become more complex |
C.the staff receive more consideration than customers |
D.staff members are less considerate than their employers |
A.not having enough male staff on duty |
B.difficulties in hiring more efficient staff |
C.not providing enough staff on purpose to reduce budget |
D.lack of cooperation between staff members |
A.go to other places where good service is available |
B.put up with the rude manners of the staff |
C.try to control his temper when ill-treated |
D.be patient when queuing before checkout counters |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
You hear a rumor(謠言)from a friend,who heard it from another friend,who read it on a note passed in math class,which was written by somebody who probably just made it up.Chances are rumors are always spreading around your school.Sometimes it can be very hurtful.But why do people still do so?
When people are feeling bad about themselves,they sometimes think they’ll feel better if there were someone worse off than they are.It’s okey being near the bottom,as long as they’re not actually on the bottom.The easiest way for them to make sure someone else is on the bottom is to make up a rumor that puts him or her there.
If everybody else is spreading rumors,you might feel you have to do the same thing in order to fit in.Unfortunately,the person who the gossip or rumor is about is usually let out of the group for the same reason that you’re let into it.
When you know a secret that nobody knows,or are the first person in your group to hear a rumor,it can make you the center of attention.A rumor or piece of gossip is sometimes like money;telling it to people is like buying their attention.Certain people always want to be at the top of the ladder(梯子).You probably know at least one person who wishes to be the leader,and make all the decisions.One way they do this is by reducing the status(地位)of another person.Spreading rumors and gossip is one way people reduce another person’s status.學(xué)科網(wǎng)
Sometimes a period when everyone is happy and getting along just seems kind of dull.Spreading rumors might get two people to start a fight,and that would make life a little more exciting.All those newspapers and TV shows full of gossip about famous people are proving that rumors are a popular form of entertainment.
【小題1】We know from Paragraph 2 that some people spread rumors to _______.
A.be more confident | B.feel like part of a group |
C.a(chǎn)ttract attention | D.be more powerful |
A.love looking down from a high position. |
B.hope to become leaders. |
C.a(chǎn)re not afraid of falling down. |
D.a(chǎn)re fond of spreading rumors. |
A.Famous people like spreading rumors. |
B.Rumors can make people feel bored. |
C.Some people seek excitement from rumors. |
D.There are many rumors in newspapers. |
A.what rumors mean | B.how hurtful a rumor is |
C.how people spread rumors | D.why people spread rumors |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Winning the lottery (彩票) is not the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow for many past winners. Sad stories do exist in large numbers for the past lottery winners and that's why some financial experts say "70 percent of lottery winners will squander away (亂花) winning within a few years." Some end up losing all within two years, family relationships destroyed or even worse.
Wayne Schenk was an old soldier diagnosed with lung cancer. When he won a million dollars in a lottery he thought his troubles were over and he would get the advanced medical treatment that might save his life. But Lottery officials refused to pay him the total sum in a single payment and they said they could not make an exception to the regulations. When Schenk died in 2007, he'd only received one payment of $34,000.
Another lottery winner, Billy Bob Harrell, Jr. killed himself two years after winning 31 million dollars in the Texas lottery in 1997.He'd spent large amounts of money and given large amounts away, but he didn't end me expected peace that should have come with the freedom of money.
Other lottery winners have ended up in prison for crimes. Many suffer bankruptcy (破產(chǎn)) after the big jackpot (頭獎) is spent and given away, including some of the eight people who won the 365 million Powerball in 2006.
The examples given paint a sad picture of what can happen if you win a big lottery jackpot, but fortunately, these examples don't tell the stories of all jackpot winners.
【小題1】What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A.Most lottery winners use up money quickly. |
B.Most lottery winners don't really end up well. |
C.Winning lottery means relationships destroyed. |
D.Financial experts are against the lottery industry. |
A.He was diagnosed with lung cancer. |
B.He was unwilling to give away his money. |
C.They had to observe the official rules. |
D.They didn't want to disturb his peace. |
A.giving examples | B.making comparisons |
C.listing numbers | D.listing reasons |
A.a(chǎn)dvice given by financial experts |
B.happy stories of the lottery winners |
C.conclusion drawn by the author |
D.regulations about lottery winning |
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