“Community” is not a concept that is easy to define(定義). In this essay I will examine what turns individuals into a community, and discuss some different types. I will also look at what all communities have in common, the benefits they offer and draw conclusions about their increasing importance.

The word “community” may make you think of traditional communities in the developing world, where large families live together. We may also imagine the neighbours as people who are happy to help out whenever it is needed. The stereotypical(老套的) view is that of a village, where people have little but can feel very rich because everyone takes responsibility for the welfare of the others.

On the other hand, there are other types of communities: ultramodern(超現(xiàn)代的) ones, where the community members are unlikely to have actually met each other. These are online communities, where people blog or chat about particular issues that are important to them. They come across others on websites and may develop a relationship there with like-minded people, discussing the same topics. The view is often that these are artificial connections between people who are, in fact, still isolated(孤立的) strangers.

In reality, the connections are real. Moreover, there are many types of communities in between these extremes: people who join clubs, who sign up with voluntary, political or other organizations, or who take part in group discussions in their local area. They may be campaigning about issues or simply getting together for companionship and support.

Human beings are social by nature, so it should not be a surprise that we organize ourselves in groups. However, there is more going on: these groups provide something that we cannot achieve on our own. The main benefit of being part of a larger group is strength in numbers. For example, we can access and share more information, we can take part in team sports, we can complain and campaign more effectively and even if we are just having a chat, online or in person, we can feel supported in whatever we do.

Whatever forms communities take, what defines them is the sense of identity and safety that they provide for their members: the knowledge that there are people who we have something in common with and who can be relied on when we need each other.

1.In traditional communities, people ______.

A. live in a large family

B. are wealthy but unhappy

C. are isolated and don’t have connections

D. help and care about each other

2.According to the text, online community members ______.

A. develop a close working relationship

B. share opinions about issues on websites

C. communicate with each other in person

D. share the same interest but have no relations

3.Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ______.

A. the types of community

B. the culture of community

C. the benefits of community

D. the definition of community

4.Communities provide their members with ______.

A. a sense of identity and safety

B. a sense of social responsibility

C. chances of meeting new people

D. chances of developing their interests

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2017屆江西贛州十三縣市十四校高三上期中聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Humans have launched themselves into the outer space. They’ve landed on the moon. They’ve built habitable space stations that orbit the Earth. The next giant leap for mankind is to reach another planet – specifically, Mars.

The problem is that it’s no easy task. The planet is 586 times further away from the Earth than the moon, and it’ll take around 180 to 220 days to reach Mars, depending on where each planet is in its orbit. Such long periods in space have suggested many potential health problems, including hormonal changes, skin conditions, and muscle and bone deterioration (損耗).

Here’s where some furry friends come in. A wide range of animals have been in space, from fruit flies and spiders to cats, and dogs. Such experiments began as far back as the late 1940s in first tests to see if living things could withstand the extreme g-force (重力) of a rocket launch.

Mice continue to play a very important part in space experiments, mainly because the animals make excellent test subjects. They’re small, which makes them inexpensive and easy to care for. In addition, their size and short life span make it possible to do the equivalent of several human years of tests in a much shorter time. Finally, because mice are mammals, they share many common characteristics with humans in terms of genetics, biology and behavior.

Astromice have hit the headlines recently, as a team of scientists led by Betty Nusgens, professor of biology at the University of Liege in Belgium, found that the mice suffered a 15 percent thinning of their skin after 91 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

This experiment was part of a wider NASA mission (任務(wù)) called the Mice Drawer System (MDS). The Italian Space Agency developed the facility, which allows six mice to be housed, monitored, and automatically fed and watered aboard the ISS, among which three survived during the mission.

The mice have participated in 20 separate experiments, to study such effects as osteoporosis (骨質(zhì)疏松癥), anemia (貧血) and heart health.

Results for the 20 experiments are coming in gradually. But it’s clear that mice continue to play an important role in the ongoing quest to conquer the final frontier.

1.We can infer from Paragraphs 2-3 that ______.

A. Mars is the farthest planet away from Earth discovered so far

B. the journey to Mars could put humans’ health at risk

C. it was in the late 1940s that animals were first sent to the ISS

D. animals that have been sent into space have mostly survived

2.The underlined word “withstand” in Para.3 means _________.

A.set up B. hold up

C. work out D. come across

3.According to Betty Nusgens and her team, the mice aboard the ISS ______.

A. suffered the loss of part of their skin

B. all survived for the duration of the mission

C. were fed and watered by the astronauts

D. participated in 20 experiments that made great breakthroughs

4. The main purpose of the article is to _____.

A. describe the role mice play in scientific research

B. report on the results of the Mice Drawer System

C. analyze how mice could pave the way to Mars

D. change people’s traditional attitudes toward mice

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2015-2016學(xué)年江西樂(lè)安縣一中高一下期中英語(yǔ)卷（解析版） 題型：七選五

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處得最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

How to stay in a good mood

It’s typical to feel your mood starting to become bad. If you want to be able to stay in a good mood, then you have to form these habits that will keep you feeling happy.

1. Don’t take love for granted.

If you’re lucky enough to have a special someone, then you should make your time together meaningful. 1.Make time to spend time with your special someone. Being around your loved one has been proven to make people happier.

2. Get regular exercise.

Regular exercise is one of the most important habits that you need to form. 2.You can go running three times a week and walk the other four. Just make sure to be as active as you can every day.

3. Spend time with your friends.

3. Of course, don’t always hang out with friends when you have a free moment. Make sure you do make time to see friends at least once or twice a week, if you can.

4. Get enough sleep.

4. One of the easiest ways to stay in a good mood is to be well-rested. Waking up feeling full of energy will make you feel much more ready to face the day and much more excited about everything ahead of you.

5. 5.

If you want to stay in a good mood, then you have to make sure that you eat three healthy and diverse meals every day. Start off with a healthy breakfast, and don’t skip this meal no matter what things happen. Have light snacks throughout the day, like yogurt or fruit, to keep you energetic.

A. Make sure that you sleep for 7-8 hours a day.

B. Have a healthy eating schedule.

C. Do begin with a healthy breakfast in the morning.

D. However, you don’t have to do the same boring old thing every day.

E. Once you start exercising, do the same sports at the regular time every day.

F. Don’t stop doing the things you love with the person you love.

G. Hanging out with friends will keep you feeling alive

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2015-2016學(xué)年江西南昌二中高一下第二次月考英語(yǔ)卷（解析版） 題型：完形填空

The most frequent arguments for travel broadening the mind are that you get to interact with many different ______, ways of life and new experiences. In general this should be the case.__ ___, how much it broadens your mind depends as much on how you travel as where.______ you go to Thailand and spend most of your time in a hotel, what you’re seeing isn’t ______ Thai culture. But if you take time to _____ its temples or stay with a family and immerse yourself in their ______, you might begin to get a good ______ of it. If you ______ anything out of your comfort zone, then you won’t make the most of your _____, wherever you go. Of course travel ______ the mind if you’re open to it and equip yourself with the knowledge you need for where you’re headed; and after all, expanding our horizons is ______ to our growth and progress as human beings.

We’re told that broadening the mind comes from challenging yourself, ______, learning and that this can in part be achieved by travelling. But is broadening the mind the only ______ reason tor travelling? What if you _____ want to enjoy some much needed rest and ______?

How much distance you cover doesn’t show how adventurous you are. You can go halfway round the world, but if you just spend all your time _____ shopping malls, you can ______ experience the real workings of the culture you’ve landed in. It’s up to you whether or not you come back from another country with a ______ perspective on things. Travel doesn’t automatically broaden the mind. If you’re a narrow-minded bore at home, the _____ are that travel just makes you a narrow-minded bore ______ a plane ticket. And what of those who don’t, can’t or won’t travel? Are they forever doomed to an “unbroadened” view on life? I’m sure they would beg to differ.

1.A. expertsB. culturesC. objectsD. situations

2.A. For example B. Above allC. At timesD. Of course

3.A. If B. AlthoughC. Since D. Because

4.A. correctlyB. generallyC. really D. seriously

5.A. constructB. paint C. introduceD. visit

6.A. work B. life C. conversation D. concept

7.A. idea B. commandC. result D. photo

8.A. attemptB. challengeC. avoid D. overcome

9.A. journeyB. freedomC. advantageD. break

10.A. occupiesB. crossesC. amazesD. broadens

11.A. suitableB. vital C. similarD. harmless

12.A. determining B. planningC. exploringD. preparing

13.A. worthwhile B. privateC. normalD. obvious

14.A. eventually B. slightlyC. exactlyD. simply

15.A. healthB. relaxationC. sport D. thinking

16.A. picking out B. finding out C. wandering round D. passing by

17.A. hardlyB. undoubtedly C. expectedly D. possibly

18.A. narrowB. social C. differentD. common

19.A. problemsB. occasionsC. facts D. chances

20.A. for B. with C. beyondD. except

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2015-2016學(xué)年江西南昌二中高一下第二次月考英語(yǔ)卷（解析版） 題型：單項(xiàng)填空

Scientists are convinced ______ the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health.

A. of；onB. by；in C. of；at D. on；at

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2015-2016學(xué)年江西玉山縣一中高一下第三次考試英語(yǔ)卷（解析版） 題型：語(yǔ)法填空

短文改錯(cuò)

假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2. 只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。

I have the best friend who I can share everything with. His name was Li Gang, and we’re in the same grades. Li Gang is a good student because he is very hardworking. He is good in all subjects, especially math. I’ve learned a lot of from him. Besides that, he’s honesty. I trust him complete and we share secrets all the time. He always remember my birthday and he is fun be with. He tells funny jokes but always makes me laugh. Finally, he is a very good listener. I hope we’ll stay friends forever.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2015-2016學(xué)年遼寧葫蘆島一中等五校高二6月聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)卷（解析版） 題型：書面表達(dá)

假如你叫李華，是銅陵的一名中學(xué)生。最近，當(dāng)?shù)卣趯?shí)施快速公交和橋梁建設(shè)，結(jié)果引起人們的廣泛爭(zhēng)議。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)人們不同的觀點(diǎn)，給當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)社寫一封信，發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。

贊成觀點(diǎn)

反對(duì)觀點(diǎn)

1．能夠解決交通問(wèn)題，方便人民生活；

2．有助于發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，提高人民生活水平；

3．有助于提高銅陵作為現(xiàn)代化旅游城市的形象。

1．會(huì)造成環(huán)境污染；

2．會(huì)產(chǎn)生噪音，打擾居民平靜的生活；

3．時(shí)常造成交通堵塞。

你的觀點(diǎn)……

注意：1．信的開(kāi)頭已給出，但不計(jì)人總詞數(shù)。

2．不要逐句翻譯，可適當(dāng)增加內(nèi)容使行文連貫。

3．詞數(shù)120左右。

參考詞匯：快速公交系統(tǒng) BRT

高架橋 overpass

Dear Editor,

I’m writing to you about the road construction which is taking place in our city．

_____________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2016-2017學(xué)年河南鄲城一中高一上第三次月考英語(yǔ)卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

The US will have a new president this fall. Voters will decide between the Democratic candidate (候選人), Hillary Clinton, and Donald Trump of the Republicans.

But the voting is not a must for each person in the US. So quite a lot of people choose not to vote, especially the young generation. According to Fox News, one-in-five young voters between the ages of 18 and 35 said clearly that they wouldn’t vote for either of the two candidates. Just 12 percent of voters aged 35-54, and only nine percent of voters aged 55 and older said the same thing.

This is not only because young people don’t like Clinton or Trump, according to the Fortune magazine. The truth is that they are traditionally less likely to vote than their parents.

“Young people are not at an age in their life when they think politics or government has anything to do with them,” said Rodd Freitag, a political science professor at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, US. “But for the older age groups, they have a home, they pay taxes (稅), they care about schools and the community.”

Many believe that the civic (公民的) education of an American youth is another reason why they don’t vote.

Students usually just do community services like cleaning the neighborhoods. This means they haven’t learned how to link real life problems to politics through voting, according to Christopher Beem, a politics professor at the Pennsylvania State University.

He said the country needs to help young people learn how to take part in politics and get them to see that they can make a difference.

1.What percentage of young voters wouldn’t go to vote?

A. 9 percent.B. 12 percent.C. 20 percent.D. 55 percent.

2.According to Rodd Freitag, young people are less likely to vote because ________.

A. they don’t like either of the candidates

B. their parents don’t like to vote

C. they don’t think it is a part of their life

D. they have no work and care little about living problems

3.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A. US Young Not Voting

B. US Young and Their President

C. Young People’s Power

D. Voting for the New US President

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