Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today.  The Caltech scientists say they have directly established the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented.
The Caltech scientists say carbonate（碳酸鹽）minerals formed on Mars at about eighteen degrees Celsius. They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（隕石）that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.
Today, the average temperature on Mars is sixty-three degrees below zero Celsius.
The finding was reported on the website of the National Academy of Sciences. Caltech Assistant Professor Woody Fischer helped to prepare the report. He says eighteen degrees Celsius is not especially cold or hot. He says this makes the finding extremely interesting. Knowing the temperature can give scientists an idea of the climate on Mars long ago. It can also help them decide whether the planet had liquid water. Spacecraft orbiting Mars have shown what appear to be rivers, lakebeds and mineral deposits. These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have proved the information.

The meteorite the scientists examined is one of the oldest known rocks in the world. It is called the Allan Hills meteorite. Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984. The meteorite is believed to have blown loose from the Mars' surface when another space rock struck its "home."
小題1:The underlined word “establish” in Paragraph 1 probably means “___________”.
A．to set up
B．to make people accept a belief
C．to discover or prove
D．to start having a relationship with others
小題2:How did the scientists reach the finding?
A．By studying Allan Hills meteorite.
B．By using spacecraft orbiting Mars.
C．By studying minerals gathered on Mars.
D．By studying a meteorite on the Martian surface.
小題3:According to the fourth paragraph, what have spacecraft orbiting Mars done?
A．Measuring the temperature of Mars.
B．Taking photos of the surface of Mars.
C．Finding that there is water flowing on Mars.
D．Proving where human beings will probably land on Mars.
小題4:Where can we most probably read this passage?
A．In a biography of scientists.B．In a geography magazine.
C．In an environment report.D．In a science report.

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:D

試題分析：本文主要說明一個(gè)科學(xué)報(bào)告：許多年前火星比現(xiàn)在更溫暖，潮濕。
小題1:猜詞題：從第一段最后一句The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented結(jié)合前面兩句可以說明科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了40億年前的火星地表的溫度的證據(jù)�！癳stablish”是discover or prove ，選C
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（隕石） that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.及最后一段It is called the Allan Hills meteorite可知科學(xué)家是通過研究Allan Hills隕石得到這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的。答案選A
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第四段倒數(shù)第二，三句話These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have proved the information.可以看出宇宙飛船火星軌道是給火星地表拍照的。B
小題4:文章出處題：從第一段第一句Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today.可知本文主要講的是一個(gè)科學(xué)報(bào)告，故選D
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Nowadays robots can not only talk and dance，but also answer your questions in English.They are “____”．The following is the first China­made “beauty”____.
A new 168­cm high “beauty” robot who has not yet been____looks wonderful in a red wedding____.She can act as a tour guide，a receptionist，____a hostess.
Her face____the beautiful facial characteristics of many girls.And her eyes can move.
“The robot is the first human simulation(仿真)____in China，and she is____with the most advanced voice and movement control technologies and____communicate with humans，” said Li Chengrong，chief____of the robot，who works for the Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Automation.“She replies ‘____’ if you praise her by saying ‘You are so____’．”
The sentences that the robot can understand and say are____at present.“We will improve her in the future，to make her talk___with human beings，” Li said.
___the “beauty” will work as a receptionist and tour guide in Sichuan Science Museum，she has been programmed to____the southwestern dialect that is popular in inland Sichuan Province.
Li said the lab____for designing and making the robot was 300,000 yuan (37,500 U．S.dollars)．The robot is equipped with interactive technologies.It is____to most advanced robot in the world—Asimo，____by Japanese auto­maker Honda.Asimo，____can walk at a speed of one mile per hour and climb up and down stairs，costs about one million U．S.dollars.
小題1:
A．receptionistsB．hostesses
C．beautiesD．guides
小題2:
A．robotB．cushion
C．carpetD．fingernail
小題3:
A．inventedB．designed
C．madeD．named
小題4:
A．dressB．clothes
C．shoesD．skirt
小題5:
A．orB．a(chǎn)nd
C．butD．so
小題6:
A．containsB．includes
C．connectsD．combines
小題7:
A．oneB．this
C．thatD．it
小題8:
A．desiredB．piled
C．equippedD．scanned
小題9:
A．mustB．can
C．shouldD．may
小題10:
A．designerB．declarer
C．juniorD．haircutter
小題11:
A．Go aheadB．Thank you
C．SorryD．With pleasure
小題12:
A．holyB．pretty
C．elegantD．outgoing
小題13:
A．developedB．complicated
C．limitedD．improved
小題14:
A．happilyB．slowly
C．particularlyD．freely
小題15:
A．SinceB．If
C．UnlessD．When
小題16:
A．studyB．speak
C．ignoreD．understand
小題17:
A．payB．price
C．costD．work
小題18:
A．familiarB．similar
C．oppositeD．reasonable
小題19:
A．producedB．obeyed
C．enviedD．tested
小題20:
A．whichB．where
C．whenD．who

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Air pollution is one of the hottest topics at present because poor air quality is an important factor in both the incidence and cause of respiratory(呼吸道) diseases.
Zhong Nanshan, a deputy to the NPC and a member of the CAE, said recently when the concentration of PM2.5 rises by 10 micrograms per cubic meter, hospitalization may rise by as much as 3.1 percent. Meanwhile, when the concentration of PM2.5 rises from 25 mgs per cubic meter to 200, the average daily death rate may rise to 11 percent.
Zhi Xiuyi, a leading expert in lung cancer treatment and also vice-president of the CATS, said medical authorities used to focus on tobacco control as a primary means of preventing lung cancer. "But in fact, air pollution is no less harmful than smoking and our research team released a report earlier this year showing that the cancer rate in Beijing is closely related to industrialization," he said.
The report, conducted by the Beijing Institute of Cancer Research, shows that the number of cancer patients in China has increased markedly during the past ten years. Chaoyang District, the city's main area of industrialization, has the highest incidence of cancer, almost double that of Yanqing, an area on the outskirts of the city. About four out of 1000 Chaoyang residents have some form of the disease, with lung cancer at the top of the list.
"The risk of having cancer largely depends on the length of exposure and the concentration of noxious gases(有毒氣體的濃度)," said Zhi. In response to the doubt whether seven years' exposure to poor air quality will almost result in cancer, Zhi said the time scale was taken from research overseas that suggested the rate of incidence generally peaked in the seventh year of exposure to a heavily polluted environment.
小題1: What is the passage mainly about?
A．Medical researches on environment.
B．The disadvantages in big cities.
C．The only reason for the lung cancer.
D．Poor air quality contributing to lung cancer.
小題2:What can you conclude from the 3rd paragraph?
A．Compared with smoking, air pollution is more harmful.
B．Air pollution is as harmful as smoking.
C．It is very important to prevent people from smoking.
D．People realize the importance of keeping healthy.
小題3:If there were 3,000,000 people in Chaoyang District, how many would have respiratory diseases?
A．16000B．12000C．8000D．7500
小題4:What can you infer from the passage?
A．Industrialization has its weakness as well as strengths.
B．The average death rate rises with different ages and places.
C．The air in Beijing is much more polluted than that in the other cities.
D．The more heavily-polluted air you breathe in, the sooner you’ll have cancer.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

October 15th is the Global Handwashing Day. Activities are planned in more than 20 countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap. For example, donors（捐贈(zèng)者） will give 150,000 bars of soap to schools in Ethiopia.
Experts say people around the world wash their hands every day, but very few use soap at so-called important moments. These include after using the toilet, after cleaning a baby and before touching food.
Global Handwashing Day is the idea of the Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap. Partners include the United Nations Children’s Fund, American government agencies, the World Bank and soap makers Unlever and Procter and Gamble. The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease-causing germ(細(xì)菌). They say the correct way to wash is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap. Rub（揉搓） it into all areas, including under the fingernails（指甲）. Rub for at least twenty seconds. Then rinse well under running water. Finally, dry your hands with a clean cloth or wave them in the air.
The Partnership for Handwashing says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend in washing hands. Soap also helps to break up the dirt that holds most of the germs. And it usually leaves a pleasant smell. The Partnership for Handwashing also says washing with soap before eating or after using the toilet could save more lives than any vaccine(疫苗)or medicine. Hand washing could also prevent the spread of other diseases. When people get germs on their hands, they can infect（感染）themselves by touching their eyes, noses or mouths. Then they can infect others.
小題1:What’s the best title for this passage?
A．Say no to washing hands in the wrong way.
B．Find out why washing hands carefully is so important.
C．Hand washing: so important----it gets a day of its own.
D．Want to live a longer life?-wash your hands.
小題2:The word “rinse” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A．to dry your handsB．to wash away the soap
C．to rub your hands carefullyD．to clean your fingers
小題3:The last paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A．how to wash your hands correctly
B．why washing hand with soap is so important
C．the dangers of washing hands without soap
D．when we should especially wash our hands with soap
小題4:In which part of newspaper would you most probably read this passage?
A．Medical care B．Public service C．Health reportD．Advertisement

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What's going to happen in the future? Will robots take over our planet? Will computers become smarter than us? Not likely. But here are some things that scientists say are most likely to happen 10 to 30 years later from now, according to the BBC.
1．Digital money
We used to pay with cash for everything we bought. Now when we swipe(刷) our bus pass or use a credit card to shop online, money is spent without us even seeing it. In fact, we are already using one type of digital money.
You have to admit that using a card is much easier than searching your pockets for change. It is also safer than carrying a lot of cash.
When ATM cards were first introduced, they were not accepted everywhere. But now it's hard to live without them. People in Sweden completely stopped using cash last year, according to the Associated Press, and the US might be next.
2．Bionic(能力超人的)eye
It's no longer something only in a sci­fi movie. People who are blind may have a chance to get their sight back—by wearing bionic eyes.
A blind eye can no longer sense light, but a bionic eye can use a camera to “see” the environment and send data directly to the brain.
Although the bionic eye that's out now only allows patients to see lights and unclear shapes, a high­resolution(高清晰度的) version could be just a few years away.
3．Self­driving cars
Everything is going automatic these days—washing machines, ticket selling machines and even cars. Unlike a human driver, a self­driving car won't get distracted by a phone call, the radio or something outside the window. Sensors and cameras on the car would allow it to stick strictly to the rules of the road and keep a safe distance from other cars. This would greatly reduce the number of road accidents. You could even take a nap while the car drives itself.
Many vehicle companies are now planning self­driving cars. “By 2040, driverless vehicles will be widely accepted and possibly be the dominant vehicles on the road，” said Jeffrey Miller, professor at the University of Alaska Anchorage, US, in Wired magazine.
小題1:The underlined word “distracted” in the article is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．directedB．discouraged
C．a(chǎn)ttackedD．disturbed
小題2:Jeffrey Miller's attitude towards self­driving cars is ________.
A．optimisticB．pessimistic
C．doubtfulD．cautious
小題3:Which section is the article most likely to be found in the newspaper?
A．Learning KitB．Campus Trends
C．EntertainmentD．Technology

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

　Beware of those who use the truth to deceive(欺騙). When someone tells you something that is　　, but leaves out important information that should be　　, he can create a false impression.
For example, someone might say, “I just　　a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and　　it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy is a winner, 　　? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought two hundred　　, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big　　!
He didn’t say anything that was　　, but he deliberately left out some important　　. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically　　, but they are just as not　　.
Untrustworthy candidates in　　campaigns often use this tactic(手段). Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, the state lost one million jobs and　　three million jobs. Then she　　another term. One of her opponents runs an ad　　, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!”That’s true. 　　, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of　　million jobs. ”
Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s　　the law to make false claims so they try to mislead you with the　　. An ad might boast, “Nine out of ten doctors recommend Yucky Pills to cure nose pimples. ”It　　to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Corporation.
This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
小題1:
A．falseB．true
C．interestingD．boring
小題2:
A．includedB．contained
C．ignoredD．referred
小題3:
A．lostB．found
C．donatedD．won
小題4:
A．changed B．took
C．turnedD．made
小題5:
A．rightB．wellC．reallyD．though
小題6:
A．booksB．papers
C．ticketsD．balls
小題7:
A．winnerB．loser
C．fighterD．thinker
小題8:
A．trueB．real
C．doubtful D．false
小題9:
A．details B．information
C．mistakes D．errors
小題10:
A．storiesB．truth
C．messages D．lies
小題11:
A．pleasantB．exciting
C．honestD．clever
小題12:
A．politicalB．commercial
C．personal D．public
小題13:
A．stoppedB．found
C．a(chǎn)voidedD．gained
小題14:
A．seeksB．gets
C．a(chǎn)chieves D．searches
小題15:
A．writingB．telling
C．sayingD．speaking
小題16:
A．OtherwiseB．However
C．MeanwhileD．Because
小題17:
A．oneB．twoC．threeD．four
小題18:
A．forB．to
C．a(chǎn)gainstD．in
小題19:
A．wordsB．facts
C．data D．truth
小題20:
A．failsB．tries
C．managesD．plans

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When Hurricane Phailin hit India in late 2013, it became the largest storm to strike the subcontinent in over a decade. The storm affected more than 12 million people in India and neighboring countries, and damaged or destroyed many houses. However, good news is that cleverly-designed beach house created by architect Ray Huff can survive such strong winds and storm waves.
Located on the shore of an Indian island, Huff’s award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane Phailin.
Huff pointed out that many houses built along shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement(執(zhí)行) of building codes wasn’t strict. After Phailin’s attack, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes. The new beach house should be able to stand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.
At first sight, Huff's house looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern” at night, according to one observer. But looks can be misleading. The house’s wooden frame is reinforced(加固) with long steel rods to give it extra strength.
To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on pilings---long columns of wood anchored(固定) deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also balance the house above storm waves. The pilings allow the waves to run under the house instead of running into it. “These swells of water come ashore at great speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings,” said Huff.
Huff designed the wooden pilings to be partially hidden by the house’s ground-to-roof shell. “The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up,” said Huff. In case of a storm wave, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.
小題1:After Hurricane Phailin, new houses built along shore line are required_____.
A．to be easily reinforced
B．to look smarter in design
C．to meet stricter building standards
D．to be designed in the shape of cubes
小題2:The award-winning beach house is quite strong because____.
A．it is made of redwood
B．it is in the shape of a shell
C．it is strengthened by steel rods
D．it is built with wood and stones
小題3:Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on wooden pilings in order to _____.
A．support the weight of the house
B．a(chǎn)llow the waves to run through the house
C．a(chǎn)nchor stronger pilings deep in the sand
D．prevent water from rushing into the house
小題4:The main function of the shell is_____.
A．to give the house a better appearance
B．to strengthen the pilings of the house
C．to protect the wooden frame of the house
D．to slow down the speed of the swelling water

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Chinese scientists have found a new way to use cells found in human urine （尿液）that could aid in the treatment of a range of nerve disorders.That is a new technique for reprogramming cells in human urine into nerve progenitor cells  that can grow into multi-functional nerve and brain cells.
The technique is expected to be used in the study and treatment of nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other nerve disorders.
Pei Duanqing, a professor at Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said his research team has combined an episomal system to deliver reprogramming factors with a chemically defined culture medium to reprogram kidney epithelial(腎表皮) cells in urine into NPCs.
These NPCs, normally only found in the human brain, were later proven to be transgene-free and self-renewing, he said.
"These nerve and brain cells can survive for up to one month when transplanted into the brain of a newborn rat," said Pei. "My team is working hard to understand why our experimental condition allowed the urine cells to become NPCs, because we want to improve the technique and make it more efficient".
Scientists have long searched to treat and study neural disorders by obtaining and transplanting neural stem cells. However, the previous method of getting and using cells from either fetal (胎兒)or adult human tissue remains challenging due to ethical concerns and immune system rejections, he said.
Pei hopes the discovery will be used to generate NPCs from patients with nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease. "These NPCs from patients may help us discover new drugs for these diseases."
"It is a remarkable advance in the stem cell field. The results and methods obtained from this study will be of great value and significance to the field, " said Fred Gage,a professor with the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
小題1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．NPCs are beneficial in treating human diseases.
B．Chinese scientists succeeded in making NPCs from human urine.
C．Chinese scientists have found cures for all diseases.
D．A new technique was used to study the use of human urine
小題2:Pei and his tean try their best to work hard in order to      .
A．make more contributions to medical study
B．discover another new technique
C．make the technique more perfect
D．treat more patients suffering from bad diseases
小題3:What is the challenge of making NPCs in the previous method?
A．The ethical comcerns and immune system refusal
B．The difificulties in getting cells from human.
C．The under-developed techniques in medical science.
D．The lack of financial support from the government.
小題4:From the last paragraph we can infer      .
A．the new technique will be developed in science
B．the results and methods will be applied to treating cancers
C．the study will give a major push to the stem cell field
D．the mew technique will bring great profis

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The computer keyboard helped kill shorthand—a system of rapid handwriting, and now it’s threatening to finish off handwriting as a whole. When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of 2012, just 15% of the most1.5 million students wrote their answers in cursive(草寫字母). The rest? Block letters.
And those college hopefuls are just the first edge of a wave of US students who no longer get much handwriting instructions in the primary grades, frequently 10 minutes a day or less. As a result, more and more students struggle to read and write cursive.
At Keene Mill Elementary School in Springfield, all their poems and stories are typed. Children in Fairfax County schools are taught keyboarding beginning in kindergarten. Older students who never mastered handwriting say it doesn’t affect their grades.
There are those who say the culture is at a crossing, turning from the written word to the typed one. If handwriting becomes a lost form of communication, does it matter?
It was at University Virginia that researchers recently discovered a previously unknown poem by Robert, written in his unique script. Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historians say, because their authenticity(真實(shí)性) can be confirmed. Students also find them more fascinating.
The loss of handwriting also may be  a cognitive(認(rèn)知的) opportunity missed. Several academic studies have found that good handwriting skills at a young age can help children express their thoughts better—a lifelong benefit.
It doesn’t take much to teach better handwriting skills. At some schools in Prince George’s County, elementary school students use a program called Handwriting Without Tears for 15 minutes a day. They learn the correct formation of manuscript letters through second grade, and cursive letters in third grade.
There are always going to be some kids who struggle with handwriting because of their particular neurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的) writing, learning issues or poor motor skills. Educators often point to this factor in support of keyboarding.
小題1:What is the author concerned about after 2012 Sat exams?
A．Keyboarding.B．Shorthand.C．Handwriting.D．Block letters.
小題2:A poem by Robert mentioned in the passage is used to ____________.
A．prove how valuable handwriting is
B．explain what a famous poet he is
C．show how unique his poem is
D．stress how fascinating the documents are
小題3:The example of Handwriting Without Tears helps to argue that _____________. 
A．the schools are responsible for the loss of handwriting
B．the loss of handwriting is a cognitive opportunity missed
C．it doesn’t take much to teach better handwriting skills
D．the culture is turning from the written word to the typed one
小題4:According to the author, when is a perfect time to learn handwriting?
A．Kindergarten.B．Primary school.
C．High school.D．College.
小題5:What is the author’s attitude towards this debate? 
A．Devotion.B．Encouragement.C．Critical.D．Objective.

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