【題目】
When it comes to food coloring, why should we have to prove just exactly how and why the substance causes a negative effect on the people who consume it before we can 【1】 it ? If this were a necessary or meaningful food ingredient (材料) in any way, sure, that would be a reasonable standard. But food coloring has no nutritional value. Why are we 【2】 it?
Most likely because it helps companies sell products. Pretty food pays off because aesthetics (美學(xué)) in food does 【3】. We have relied on 【4】 cues (暗示) for thousands of years to help us determine what is edible, nutritious, and safe to eat. Man has adapted to appreciating natural colors, including a varity of green, red, pink, orange, yellow, and purple produce. Colors 【5】 that food is ripe (成熟的) or that it contains healthy compounds. Because of that 【6】 background, color is money for food manufacturers. Children are especially attracted to a variety of bright, vibrant colors and succumb to (屈從于) targeted marketing.
Food aesthetics can also affect how we look at taste. In one study, when subjects were given sugar water in different 【7】 of red, they reported that the deep red drinks tasted sweeter than the light red ones. We’ve been programmed to expected certain things from certain colors. Another study showed people had a harder time 【8】 drink flavors when the drinks did not have the expected colors. We expected what nature has taught us, and even though our food system has changed dramatically in the past several decades, our expectations have yet to 【9】 up. Food companies can instead use this knowledge to 【10】 us and make their processed products appear more delicious.
【答案】
【1】G
【2】B
【3】A
【4】I
【5】D
【6】H
【7】E
【8】F
【9】K
【10】C
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。使用色素沒有營養(yǎng)價值,但是人們?nèi)匀辉诿半U使用它。文章分析了原因。
【1】考查語境理解。句意:說到食用色素,我們?yōu)槭裁匆茸C明這種物質(zhì)是如何以及為什么會對食用它的人產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響,然后才能禁止食用呢? 證明了實用色素有負(fù)面影響之后,才會“禁止”食用它。ban:禁止。故選G。
【2】考查語境理解。句意:但是食用色素沒有營養(yǎng)價值。我們?yōu)槭裁匆斑@個險? 食用色素沒有營養(yǎng)價值,但是人們?nèi)匀辉?/span>“冒險”使用它。risk:冒險。故選B。
【3】考查語境理解。句意:漂亮的食物是有回報的,因為食物美學(xué)非常重要。漂亮的食物有所回報,這表明食物美學(xué)很“重要”。matter:重要。故選A。
【4】考查語境理解。句意:幾千年來,我們一直依靠視覺線索來確定什么是可以食用的、有營養(yǎng)的、安全的食物。根據(jù)下一句可知,人們根據(jù)食物的顏色來判斷事物。根據(jù)常識,人們通過“視覺”來判斷顏色。visual:視覺的。故選I。
【5】考查語境理解。句意:顏色表示食物已經(jīng)成熟或含有健康成分。上一句提到,人們一直以顏色來判斷食物是否安全健康。由此可知,顏色“表示”出食物成熟與否,是否健康。signal:表示。故選D。
【6】考查語境理解。句意:由于進(jìn)化的背景,對食品制造商來說,顏色就是金錢。上文提到“幾千年以來,人們一直根據(jù)顏色判斷食物”。這屬于“進(jìn)化方面的背景”。evolutionary:進(jìn)化的。故選H。
【7】考查語境理解。句意:在一項研究中,當(dāng)受試者被給予不同深淺紅色的糖水時,他們報告說深紅色的飲料比淺紅色的飲料更甜。根據(jù)后面的“deep red drinks”和“light red drinks”可知,該處指不同深淺的紅色。shade:濃淡深淺,色度。故選E。
【8】考查語境理解。句意:另一項研究表明,當(dāng)飲料沒有預(yù)期的顏色時,人們很難辨別出飲料的味道。identify:辨別,認(rèn)出。故選F。
【9】考查語境理解。句意:盡管我們的食物系統(tǒng)在過去的幾十年里發(fā)生了巨大的變化,但是我們(對食物)的期望仍然沒有跟上。catch up:趕上,跟上。故選K。
【10】考查語境理解。句意:食品公司可以利用這些知識來欺騙我們,讓他們的加工產(chǎn)品看起來更美味。trick:欺騙。故選C。
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