Question

【題目】 The negative health effects of sleep shortages during the week can’ t be changed by marathon weekend sleep sessions, according to a new study.

Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation(缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabetes. But there are still some people who hope that shutting off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.

The research, published in Current Biology, ruins those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during a weekend recovery period, participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced metabolic disruption(代謝紊亂) that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of insufficient sleep, those gains were wiped out when people returned right to their same sleep schedule the next Monday.

“If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, they’ re gone when you go back to your routine. It’ s very short-lived,” said Kenneth Wright, who oversaw the research. “These health effects are long-term. It’ s kind of like smoking once was—people would smoke and wouldn’ t see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep is in the early phase of where smoking used to be.”

Wright said that the study suggests people should prioritize sleep—cutting out the optional “sleep stealers” such as watching television shows or spending time on electronic devices. Even when people don’t have a choice about losing sleep due to child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should think about prioritizing sleep in the same way they would think about a healthy diet or exercise.

【1】What had the researchers already known before doing the new research?

A. The actual benefits of weekend recovery sleep.

B. Harm to health caused by the lack of routine sleep.

C. People’ s habit of shutting off the alarm during holidays.

D. The relationship between body weight and sleep amount.

【2】Kenneth Wright mentioned smoking to _________.

A. call on smokers to completely abandon smoking

B. advise people to go to sleep when they want to smoke

C. show people have known the harm brought by smoking

D. show people will someday notice the bad effects of sleep deprivation

【3】What does the underlined word “prioritize” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A. Putting tasks in order of importance.

B. Getting more than enough of something to deposit it.

C. Cutting down something that is not necessary any more.

D. Treating something as being more important than others.

【4】What can be the best title for the text?

A. Weekend catch-up sleep is a lie.

B. Bad sleep habits are harmful to health.

C. Smoking is not the worst thing to health.

D. A new study has an unexpected discovery.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】D

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章提到，根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究馬拉松式的周末睡眠無法改變一周中睡眠不足對(duì)健康的負(fù)面影響。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)平常睡眠的缺乏可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一系列身體問題，如肥胖、糖尿癥。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)每周只睡五小時(shí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)者在兩周長了3磅并引起了代謝紊亂。雖然在周末恢復(fù)睡眠能有一定的好處，但工作日時(shí)如果又回到相同的睡眠時(shí)間，這些好處就會(huì)化為烏有。研究者表示，人們?nèi)粘Ｉ�活中要�?yōu)先保證睡眠以保證身體健康。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文中第二段第一句提到“Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation(缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabetes.”研究者在做新研究之前就已經(jīng)知道睡眠的缺乏會(huì)導(dǎo)致肥胖、糖尿病等健康危機(jī)。have long known意為早就知道，即在研究前就知道。故B項(xiàng)正確。

【2】推理判斷題。文中第四段第一句提到“…It’ s very short-lived”，短暫睡眠的益處是非常短暫的，同時(shí)提到“It’ s kind of like smoking once was—people would smoke and wouldn’t see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice.”之前人們抽煙時(shí)并不理會(huì)當(dāng)下抽煙對(duì)于健康的影響。但現(xiàn)在的人們會(huì)說抽煙不是一個(gè)健康的生活方式。此處將抽煙與睡眠缺乏做類比。故D項(xiàng)正確。

【3】詞義猜測(cè)題。文中最后一段第一句中出現(xiàn)破折號(hào)，破折號(hào)的用法為解釋說明前面某詞的含義。文中提到“cutting out the optional “sleep stealers” such as watching television”，cut out意為停止，停止“睡眠小偷”對(duì)睡眠的影響，即保證睡眠。Prioritize意為“優(yōu)先處理”，在文章中意為優(yōu)先保證睡眠。故選D。

【4】主旨大意題。文章第一段提到“馬拉松式周末睡眠期無法改變一周睡眠短缺對(duì)健康的負(fù)面影響，”開篇即點(diǎn)題，但并不沒有提到unexpected出乎意料的，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。第二段第一句中提到，研究員很早之前就知道睡眠不足對(duì)健康的危害，但在其他段落沒有繼續(xù)陳述其危害故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)中smoking只是在倒數(shù)第二段中作為例子進(jìn)行類比，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選A。