An allergy is a strong reaction to a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen (花粉), which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process.
Other causes include organisms, chemicals, plants and dead skin particles from dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. So can insect stings and some food.
The most common kind of allergic reactions is itchy (癢的) , watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also cause red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked.
It is not always easy to avoid allergies. Drugs may offer an effective treatment. Another treatment used in some cases is called immunotherapy. A patient is injected with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body.
In the United States, experts estimate that up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30,000 cases with severe reactions that require immediate treatment. It can result in breathing trouble and in some cases death. It is said that about 100 to 200 people will die. It is said that most of the reactions are caused by peanuts and tree nuts like walnuts.
People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about 10％ of bad reactions to commonly used medicines are allergic. In other words, a person’s immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. The most common reactions include skin rashes, itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face.
小題1:Allergies seldom occur in winter because ________.
A．plants don’t usually flower in cold weather
B．people usually wear thick clothes
C．pollen is active below freezing point
D．the weather is too cold for viruses
小題2:What will happen if one’s breathing passages get blocked?
A．It is nothing serious.B．One’s life is at risk.
C．One has to be sent to hospital.D．One is sure to breathe easily.
小題3:According to immunotherapy, the patient is supposed to________.
A．take some medicines to produce antibodies
B．have immediate operations
C．be given the allergy-causing substance until the patient develops resistance
D．be exposed to enough allergy-causing substances
小題4:The best title would be _______.
A．The ABCs of AllergiesB．The Cause of Allergies
C．The Treatment of AllergiesD．The Prevention of Allergies

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:A

試題分析：本文敘述了過敏的有關(guān)知識，人們在夏天、春天或秋天由于對花粉、花、或草過敏而導(dǎo)致皮膚瘙癢，流淚、紅腫等癥狀。人們必須吃一些過敏的藥來抵制這種過敏。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)呼吸道堵塞而導(dǎo)致呼吸困難時，人的生命就處于危險之中，病人必須去就醫(yī)。
小題1:推理判斷題。根據(jù)The most common cause is pollen (花粉), which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process.因為人們對于花粉過敏在冬天由于天冷，植物不開花，故選A。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked.當(dāng)呼吸通道被堵時，會對人們的生命造成威脅，所以人的生命就處于危險中，故選B。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body.應(yīng)該給病人一些過敏的藥，直到他抵制過敏，故選C。
小題4:標(biāo)題歸納題。縱觀全文可知介紹了過敏的基礎(chǔ)知識，故選A。
點評：細(xì)節(jié)事實理解題主要考查考生對文章中某一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要實事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語義理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低，只要學(xué)生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。而語義理解題須將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換才能得出結(jié)論。這類題目要求考生能理解原文中某個短語或句子的含義，從而找到與答案意思相同的詞語和句子。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

How often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing? The usual answer these days is“never” or “hardly ever”. As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
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A．they are working harder than they used to
B．they are often too busy to find the time
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EP Portable Heater
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb，you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(體育館). Here，people are learning on special climbing walls. The climbing wall goes straight up and has small holding places for hands and feet.
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A．People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays.
B．It is impossible to build up one’s body by climbing.
C．People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.
D．It is always easy to see holding places in climbing.
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A．to tie ropes to your harness B．to control your fear
C．to move away from the wall D．to climb straight up
小題3: The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．settlement B．exercise C．excitement D．tiredness
小題4: Why does the author write this passage?
A．To tell people where to find gyms.
B．To prove the basic need for climbing.
C．To encourage people to climb mountains.
D．To introduce the sport of wall climbing.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Up to 90% of school leavers in major Asian cities are suffering from myopia ---short-sightedness, a study suggests. Researchers say the "extraordinary rise" in the problem is being caused by students working very hard in school and missing out on outdoor light.
Eye experts say that you are short-sighted if your vision is blurred(模糊的) beyond 2m. It is often caused by an elongation（拉伸） of the eyeball that happens when people are young. According to the research, the problem is being caused by a combination of factors - a commitment to education and lack of outdoor light.
Professor Morgan who led this study argues that many children in South East Asia spend long hours studying at school and doing their homework. This in itself puts pressure on the eyes, but exposure to between two and three hours of daylight helps maintain healthy eyes.
Cultural factors also seem to play a part. Across many parts of South East Asia, children often have a lunchtime nap. According to Professor Morgan they are missing out on natural light to prevent short-sightedness.
A big concern is the numbers of the students suffering from “high” myopia. One in five of these students could experience severe visual impairment(障礙) and even blindness. These people are at considerable risk—sometimes people are not told about it and are just given more powerful glasses—they need to be warned about the risk and given some self-testing measures so they can get to an ophthalmologist and get some help.
For decades, researchers believed there was a strong genetic component to the condition. But this study strongly suggests an alternative view. “Any type of simple genetic explanation just doesn’t fit with that speed of change; gene pools just don’t change in two generations. Whether it’s a purely environmental effect or an environmental effect playing a sensitive genome, it really doesn’t matter, the thing that’s changed is not the gene pool---it’s the environment.”
小題1:As is mentioned above, which factor mainly results in students’ myopia in South East Asia?
A．Genetic faults of the people.B．Elongation of the eyeball.
C．The shortage of outdoor light.D．Lack of research into the problem.
小題2:Which of the following statements do you think agrees with Professor Morgan?
A．A lunchtime nap is helpful in reducing myopia.
B．Glasses keep myopia from getting even worse.
C．It’s necessary to treat myopia with an operation.
D．It’s of vital importance to reduce educational pressure.
小題3:What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Gene remains the main cause of the long-standing problem.
B．The environment is to blame for the extraordinary rise in myopia.
C．Short-sightedness has nothing to do with changes in gene pools.
D．An environmental effect playing a sensitive genome counts.
小題4:What’s the best way to take care of your eyes according to the passage?
A．Equip the classroom with better lights.
B．Look at the sun from time to time.
C．Do eyes exercise regularly.
D．Spend more time in the open air.

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