The computer keyboard helped kill shorthand---a system of rapid handwriting, and now it's threatening to finish off handwriting as a whole. When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of 2011, just 15% of the most 1.5 million students wrote their answers in cursive (草寫字母）.The rest? Block letters.
And those college hopefuls are just the first edge of a wave of US students who no longer get much handwriting instructions in the primary grades, frequently 10 minutes a day or less. As a result, more and more students struggle to read and write cursive.
At Keene Mill Elementary School in Springfield, all their poems and stories are typed. Children in Fairfax County schools are taught keyboarding beginning in kindergarten. Older students who never mastered handwriting say it doesn't affect their grades.
There are those who say the culture is at a crossing, turning from the written word to the typed one. If handwriting becomes a lost form of communication, does it matter?
It was at University of Virginia that researchers recently discovered a previously unknown poem by Robert, written in his unique script. Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historians say, because their authenticity (真實(shí)性）can be confirmed. Students also find them more fascinating.
The loss of handwriting also may be a cognitive (認(rèn)知的）opportunity missed. Several academic studies have found that good handwriting skills at a young age can help children express their thoughts better-a lifelong benefit.
It doesn't take much to teach better handwriting skills. At some schools in Prince George's County, elementary school students use a program called Handwriting Without Tears for 15 minutes a day. They learn the correct formation of manuscript letters through second grade, and cursive letters in third grade.
There are always going to be some kids who struggle with handwriting because of their particular neurological (神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)wiring, learning issues or poor motor skills. Educators often point to this factor in support of keyboarding.
小題1:What is the author concerned about after 2011 SAT exams?
A．Keyboarding.B．Shorthand
C．Handwriting.D．Block letters.
小題2:A poem by Robert mentioned in the passage is used to _________.
A．prove how valuable handwriting is
B．explain what a famous poet he is
C．show how unique his poem is
D．stress how fascinating the documents are
小題3:The example of Handwriting Without Tears helps to argue that_________.
A．the schools are responsible for the loss of handwriting
B．the loss of handwriting is a cognitive opportunity missed
C．it doesn't take much to teach better handwriting skills
D．the culture is turning from the written word to the typed one
小題4: According to the author, when is a perfect time to learn handwriting?
A．Kindergarten.B．Primary school.C．High school.D．College.
小題5:What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?
A．Devotion.B．Encouragement.C．critical.D．Objective.

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:B
小題5:D

試題分析：文章介紹因?yàn)殡娔X鍵盤的，現(xiàn)在很多學(xué)生不會(huì)書寫，所以書寫應(yīng)該引起關(guān)注，學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)書寫是可以帶來(lái)很多好處的，最后提出有的學(xué)生因?yàn)榉N種原因不能寫字可以使用鍵盤。
小題1:推理題：從第一段的句子：When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of 2011, just 15% of the most 1.5 million students wrote their answers in cursive (草寫字母）.The rest? Block letters.可知在150萬(wàn)學(xué)生中只有15%的學(xué)生是手寫的，應(yīng)該引起作者對(duì)手寫的擔(dān)心。選C
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第五段的句子：Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historians say, because their authenticity (真實(shí)性）can be confirmed. 可知作者想證明手寫的文稿更加珍貴。選A
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從倒數(shù)第二段的句子：It doesn't take much to teach better handwriting skills.可知作者認(rèn)為教學(xué)生書寫不需要花費(fèi)多少精力，后面用Handwriting Without Tears舉例。選C
小題4:推理題：從倒數(shù)第三段的句子：Several academic studies have found that good handwriting skills at a young age can help children express their thoughts better-a lifelong benefit. 可知作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該從小就學(xué)習(xí)書寫，就是從小學(xué)開(kāi)始。選B
小題5:作者態(tài)度題：作者先是提出問(wèn)題：書寫應(yīng)該引起關(guān)注，后面說(shuō)為什么學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)書寫，最后提出有的學(xué)生因?yàn)榉N種原因不能寫字可以使用鍵盤，所以他是客觀的陳述事實(shí)。選D
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Imagine a classroom missing the one thing that’s long been considered a necessary part to reading and writing?Paper,No notebooks,no test paper.Nor are there any pencils or pens,which always seem to run out of ink at the critical moment.
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Having computers also means that students can use the Web. They can look up information on any subject they're studying from math to social science.
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"We could touch every side of the country through different sites? from the forest to refugee camps (難民營(yíng))," she said. "Using a book that's three or four years old is impossible."
And exams can go online too. At a high school in Tennessee, US, students take tests on their own computers. The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and then copies them to his own electronic grade book.
A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. High school teacher Stephanie Sorrell in Kentucky, US, said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper each week to each student.
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But, with all this technology, there's always the risk that the machines will break down. So, in case of a power failure or technical problems, paper textbooks are still widely available for these hi-tech students.
小題1:What does the part of the last sentence in the first paragraph, “run out of ink at the critical moment”, mean?
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B．Pens get lost easily, so you may not find them at the critical moment.
C．Pens may have little or no ink at the critical moment.
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A．Pens.B．Computers.C．Information.D．Texts.
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A．the Web could take them everywhere
B．the Web taught them a lot
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D．the Web better than the textbooks, can give the latest and comprehensive (全面的) information
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A．studentsB．teachersC．treesD．computers
小題5:What does the phrase in the last paragraph, “break down”, mean?
A．Break into pieces.B．Stop working
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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We find ourselves just about reaching the top, and this “small”    49    inside says, “You will never make   50   .” “You can’t possibly do this.” And on and on the “small” voice 51       some kind of failure. Failure, though, is exactly how dreams are    52   . It is one of the most important tools we have, because it teaches us invaluable   53   . And, when we learn these lessons well, we are ready    54   success.
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A．moneyB．childrenC．friendsD．dreams
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A．greatestB．tallestC．poorestD．oldest
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A．themselvesB．yourselvesC．ourselvesD．itself
小題9:
A．soundB．voiceC．noiseD．speech
小題10:
A．itB．himC．herD．me
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A．expectsB．predictsC．a(chǎn)nswersD．suffers
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In the near future，we may be using our eyes to operate our smart-phones and tablets，even when it comes to playing popular games like Fruit Ninja．
The Gaze Group has been developing eye-controlled computer technology for nearly 20 years．But those devices have been firstly designed to help those with disabilities，and are very expensive．
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Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research—the mapping of all DNA in a human gene（基因） is complete．Couple of years ago, this seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish．All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day, when the human being will be cloned, is not far away．Human cloning has always been a topic of argument, in terms of morality or religion．
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Regarding such arguable topics in "black or white" approach seems very innocent to me personally．We should rather try to look at all "shades" of it．I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs; not humans．Then we could regard this as for "saving life" instead of "creating life"．I believe cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable．
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D．Cloning is acceptable if it is used for cloning organs．
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Riding a London subway, a person from other countries will notice one major difference: in London, people do not look at each other．In fact, eye contact is avoided at all times. That’s not rudeness ― people are just too busy to bother looking．
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Restoring the quake­hit ecosystems is a question of balancing the interests of the local people and the environment. Rural methane (沼氣) projects can reduce the number of locals taking firewood from the mountainsides. The use of straw as food for animals will ensure that vegetation(草木) can grow. In Sihai township and Dazhuangke village, in Beijing, they now have a forestry coverage of 85% or more, compared to the 30% they had 15 years ago. Back then, land was used very inefficiently: one person would use 20 mu of forest just for firewood. With those pressures on the ecosystem, no amount of spending on reforestation will succeed. Then the government relocated the population and paid those who remained to tend the forest and provide coal. This reduced the pressures on the ecosystem and it was able to recover naturally.
When an ecosystem has not been pushed past certain limits, it is able to recover on its own. Human involvement should only play a minor role, including after an earthquake. This is particularly the case for sandy grasslands, grasslands deserts, the mountains of the south and the northern sides of mountains in the north. In these areas soil remains and the water, light, heat and nutrients needed are available. Less human involvement is even more appropriate in areas with a small population, where it can avoid money being wasted on ineffective efforts, such as creating forests in dry areas.
The creation of nature reserves should be a model to allow damaged ecosystems to recover. Funding can start at the national level; centrally­funded nature reserves can enforce environmental protection laws and help to promote the local economy. This will solve the problems of reserves being run to make money. When national reserves are funded, local governments will be able to adopt the same model and provide the funds for nature reserves from their own budgets. The first project should be established in nature reserves hit by the quake; these can then become models for other areas.
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C．no people live in that areaD．locals take good care of the forest
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C．human involvementD．government's effort
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A．Nature reserves could be helpful to recover the damaged ecosystems.
B．Centrally­funded nature reserves are beneficial to local economy.
C．Some nature reserves are created for the purpose of making money.
D．The first projects on nature reserves should be set up in quake­hit areas.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Exhausted and unhappy, you still have to squeeze a smile to your friends, or teachers. That’s just life, you may think. But new research suggests that putting on a fake smile can worsen people’s mood and even lower work efficiency.
Lead researcher Brent Scott with other researchers studied a group of bus drivers for two weeks. They tried to find out what happened when the drivers were involved in “surface acting” or fake smiling, and the opposite, “deep acting” which means people put on real smiles by recalling pleasant memories or thinking about their current situation more positively.
The results showed that on days when drivers were forced to smile, they felt depressed and didn’t want to work. On days when they smiled due to positive thoughts, their mood improved a lot as well as their work efficiency.
The research goes against the popular belief among companies that employees should be cheerful to customers at all times. They include employees of shops, banks, call center workers and others who have face-to-face contact with members of the public. “Smiling for the sake of(為了) smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion and coldness, and that’s bad for the organization,” Scott told the Daily Mail.
The study also showed that women were harmed more by fake smiling than men. Their mood and work performance both worsened more. But they were helped more by deep acting — their mood became better and they worked more efficiently.
However, while deep acting seemed to improve mood in the short term, Scott says it’s not a long-term solution for unhappiness.
“There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period that you start to feel inauthentic(不真實(shí)的),” Scott said. “You may be trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”
小題1:Brent Scott and others’ experiments on bus drivers suggest that ______.
A．depression among bus drivers is common
B．thinking in a positive way helps with work efficiency
C．bus drivers with pleasant memories tend to be less efficient
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小題2:According to the article, which of the following statements about “fake smiling” is TRUE?
A．It is good for the business but bad for the employees.
B．It doesn’t work on people who are emotionally expressive.
C．It is a widely accepted cultural practice in the US.
D．It causes more harm to women than men.
小題3:We can conclude from the article that the researchers think that ______.
A．people should be true to their feelings
B．smiling helps to put people in a good mood and become more efficient
C．it is unnecessary to cultivate positive emotions
D．deep acting can improve mood in the long run
小題4:The article is mainly about ______.
A．the importance of smiling during face-to-face contact
B．a(chǎn) new study on fake smiling and its influence on people
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警覺(jué)). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝視) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns; she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同樣地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
小題1:The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s ______.
A．sense of hearing.
B．sense of sight.
C．sense of touch.
D．sense of smell.
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A．the size of cards.
B．the colour of pictures.
C．the shape of patterns.
D．the number of objects.
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A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B．To see how babies recognize sounds.
C．To carry their experiment further.
D．To keep the babies’ interest.
小題4:Where does this text probably come from?
A．Science fiction.
B．Children’s literature.
C．An advertisement.
D．A science report.

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