Question

Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost unavoidably associated with environmental damage.

Economic growth is the increase in numbers of goods and services produced over time by an economy, and it is calculated in terms of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Before growth is calculated, inflation (通貨膨脹)is adjusted in order to take into account its mis­leading effect on the price of goods and services. Economic growth can also be explained as the increase in expected output, which results from an increase in actual output, or total de­mand.

There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming.

Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.

In order to produce economically practical energy, a sometimes significant transformation of the natural site is often inevitable. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would block airflows’ natural speed which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pres­sure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to re­member that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.

For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage, whatsoever, is impossible.

1.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A． Pollution caused by plant construction.

B． Effects of windmills on the environment.

C． Economic growth and human civilization.

D． Economic growth and environmental damage.

2.What does the underlined word “They” in the third paragraph refer to?

A．Goods and products                     B．The industrial plants

C．Water and atmosphere                   D．Negative health effects

3.According to the passage, the author holds the opinion that ______.

A． economic growth should be calculated in terms of GDP

B． use of natural resources causes no damage to the environment

C． industrial manufacturing may cause damage to the environment

D． a windmill is a perfect way to produce economically practical energy

4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.D

2.B

3.C

4.B

【解析】

試題分析：本文主要講述的是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境破壞之間的聯(lián)系。并詳細(xì)分析了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的多個方面對環(huán)境的不同影響。

1.D主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost unavoidably associated with environmental damage.可知本文主要講述的是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境破壞之間的聯(lián)系。故D正確。

2.B 推理題。根據(jù)These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming.可知這些plants不僅僅產(chǎn)生很多的垃圾，而且也會導(dǎo)致全球變暖。故B正確。

3.C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段1,2行Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment.可知Industrial manufacturing對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的破壞作用是很大的，故C正確。

4.B 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。本文第一段是主題段，第二段說明經(jīng)濟(jì)增長是環(huán)境破壞的主要原因。第三段做出列舉，接下來的4,5,6三段具體說明各種經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的行為對環(huán)境的影響。最后一段進(jìn)行總結(jié)，故B正確。

考點：考察環(huán)境保護(hù)類短文閱讀

點評：本文主要講述的是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境破壞之間的聯(lián)系。并詳細(xì)分析了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的多個方面對環(huán)境的不同影響。

從題目設(shè)置的角度看，本題側(cè)重對學(xué)生把握文章中心段落和各段落的中心句的能力的考查，所以遇到這類題后，要注意把握好文章結(jié)構(gòu)，了解文章中心意思，找到各段落中心句。不要讓文中的一些生詞影響了注意力。