Question

【題目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The Rise of the Smart City

The information revolution is changing the way cities are run - and the lives of its residents. Cities have a way to go before they can be considered geniuses. But they’re getting smart pretty fast.

In just the past few years, mayors and other officials in cities across the country have begun to draw on 【1】 - about income, traffic, fires, illnesses, parking tickets and more - to handle many of the problems of urban life. Whether it’s making it easier for residents to find parking places, or giving smoke alarms to the households that are most likely to suffer fatal fires, big - data technologies are beginning to 【2】 the way cities work.

Cities have just 【3】 the surface in using data to improve operations, but big changes are already under way in leading smart cities, says Stephen Goldsmith, a professor of government and director of the Innovations in Government Program at the Harvard Kennedy School. “In terms of city governance, we are at one of the most 【4】 periods in the last century,” he says.

Although cities have been using data in various forms for decades, the modern practice of civic analytics（民情分析）has only begun to take off in the past few years, thanks to a host of 【5】 changes. Among them: the growth of cloud computing, which dramatically lowers the costs of storing information; new developments in machine learning, which put 【6】 analytical tools in the hand of city officials; the Internet and the rise of inexpensive sensors that can track vast amount of information such as traffic or air pollution; and the widespread use of smart phone apps and mobile devices that enable citizens and city workers alike to monitor problems and 【7】 information about them back to city hall.

All this data collection raises understandable privacy 【8】. Most cities have policies designed to safeguard citizen privacy and prevent the release of information that might 【9】 any one individual. In theory, anyway. Widespread use of sensors and video can also present privacy risks unless 【10】 are taken. The technology “is forcing cities to face questions of privacy that they haven’t had to face before,” says Ben Green, a fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society and lead author of a recent report on open-data privacy.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】K

【3】I

【4】C

【5】J

【6】A

【7】F

【8】B

【9】G

【10】H

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。信息革命正在改變城市的運行方式，以及城市居民的生活。就在過去幾年里，全國各城市的市長和其他官員開始利用有關(guān)收入、交通、火災、疾病、停車罰單等方面的數(shù)據(jù)來處理城市生活中的許多問題。有人指出就城市治理而言，我們正處于上個世紀最重要的時期之一。文章說明了現(xiàn)代公民技術(shù)發(fā)展的一些表現(xiàn)以及這些數(shù)據(jù)的收集而引起的個人隱私方面的擔憂。

【1】考查名詞。句意：就在過去幾年里，全國各城市的市長和其他官員開始利用有關(guān)收入、交通、火災、疾病、停車罰單等方面的數(shù)據(jù)來處理城市生活中的許多問題。此處作賓語，表示“數(shù)據(jù)”應用名詞data。故填data。故選D。

【2】考查動詞。句意：無論是讓居民更容易找到停車位，還是為最有可能遭受致命火災的家庭提供煙霧報警器，大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)正開始改變城市的運作方式。結(jié)合句意表示“改變”可知動詞transform，且根據(jù)上文begin to do sth.可知，應填動詞原形。故填transform。故選K。

【3】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：哈佛大學肯尼迪學院政府創(chuàng)新項目主任、政府教授Stephen Goldsmith表示，在利用數(shù)據(jù)改善運營方面，城市只是觸及了表面，但領(lǐng)先的智能城市已經(jīng)開始發(fā)生重大變化。此處需要謂語動詞，且表示“觸及”動詞為scratch，結(jié)合上文Cities have just可知為現(xiàn)在完成時。scratch the surface“觸及表面”。故填scratched。故選I。

【4】考查形容詞。句意：他表示:“就城市治理而言，我們正處于上個世紀最重要的時期之一�！苯Y(jié)合句意，且修飾后文名詞periods，應用形容詞consequential作定語，表示“重要的”。故填consequential。故選C。

【5】考查形容詞。句意：盡管城市使用各種形式的數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)有幾十年了，但是由于大量的技術(shù)變革，現(xiàn)代的公民分析才剛剛開始起飛。修飾后文名詞changes，應用形容詞technological作定語，表示“技術(shù)的”。故填technological。故選J。

【6】考查形容詞。句意：機器學習的新發(fā)展，把先進的分析工具交到市政官員手中。修飾后文名詞tools，應用形容詞advanced作定語，表示“先進的”。故填advanced。故選A。

【7】考查動詞。句意：智能手機應用程序和移動設(shè)備的廣泛使用，使市民和城市工作人員都能監(jiān)控問題，并將相關(guān)信息反饋給市政廳。結(jié)合句意表示“反饋”可知短語feed back，且根據(jù)上文to monitor problems and可知，應填動詞原形。故填feed。故選F。

【8】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：所有這些數(shù)據(jù)的收集引起了可以理解的隱私擔憂。表示“擔憂”且作賓語應用名詞concern，且concern為可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有冠詞故用復數(shù)形式。故填concerns。故選B。

【9】考查動詞。句意：大多數(shù)城市都有保護公民隱私和防止泄露可能識別任何個人身份的信息的政策。結(jié)合句意表示“識別”且作謂語，應用動詞identify，且might后跟動詞原形。故填identify。故選G。

【10】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：如果不采取預防措施，傳感器和視頻的廣泛使用也會帶來隱私風險。條件狀語從句中缺少主語，表示“預防”，應用名詞precaution，且根據(jù)后文are可知，應填復數(shù)形式。故填precautions。故選H。