8.Deliberately making a road icy sounds like a method for disaster,but in 16th-century China it helped things run smoothly.Repairs to the Forbidden City in Beijing in 1557 called for huge stones from a quarry(采石場(chǎng)) more than 70km away.The biggest was the 300-ton"Large Stone Carving."Such stones were too heavy for any cart,and too fragile for rollers.The builders adopted a wise alternative approach to carry the heavy stone.
The dug a series of wells,spaced a few hundred metres apart,along the route to the quarry.Then,in the depth of winter,when temperatures reached around-4C,buckets of water were poured on to the dirt track,transforming it into an ice road.
The stone blocks were pushed along the road on wooden sledges (雪橇).Modern engineers have calculated that it would take 1,500 workers to drag a sledge on the dirt road,but ony 300on ice.Ancient tests suggested the ice was made slippery with more water; this reduced the friction further and just 50 men could pulla sledge.This technique only works when the temperature is also close to zero,otherwise the film of water freezes too quickly.
The researchers at Princeton University estimated that the blocks could be moved at six metres a minute,and the journey could be completed in 28 days.This would be well before the spring when the ice would melt.
It was once suggested that similar ice-sledges transported Stonehenge stones,but the ground that had a lot of holes and comparatively mild conditions probably rule this out.
8.Why did people dig some wells along the road to the quarry?A
A.They wanted to build frozen roads.
B.They wanted to break up large stones.
C.They wanted to make the dirty track clean.
D.They wanted to get a lot of holes on the road.
9.What did people do to reduce the friction?B
A.They made stone blocks much smaller.
B.They poured more water on the ice road.
C.They waited until the temperature was very low.
D.They asked more than 1,500 workers to clean the dirty road.
10.How did the researchers at Princeton University think of Stonehenge stones?A
A.They were not likely to be carried on the icy road.
B.They had a longer history than stones in Beijing.
C.They were carried for over twenty-eight days.
D.They were broken up in the depth of winter.
11.What does the author intend to tell us in the the text?D
A.Making a road slippery on purpose may be bad idea.
B.The mild weather helped to carry Stonehenge stones.
C.Stonehenge stones were too heavy to carry.
D.Ancient Chinese transported huge stones wisely.
分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀,屬于說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了古代人如何利用結(jié)冰的路面運(yùn)輸巨石,告訴了我們古代人如何聰明地利用結(jié)冰的路面運(yùn)輸巨石到目的地.
解答 8.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段最后一句Then,in the depth of winter,when temperatures reached around-4C,buckets of water were poured on to the dirt track,transforming it into an ice road.可知,人們?cè)诘厣贤诳邮菫榱嗽谏疃竟?jié),倒進(jìn)水,讓水結(jié)冰,從而建立起一條結(jié)冰的道路.故選A.
9.B.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第三段第三句Ancient tests suggested the ice was made slippery with more water; this reduced the friction further and just 50 men could pulla sledge.可知,用更多的水可以使冰更滑,這樣可以減少摩擦力,因此推斷人們?cè)诮Y(jié)冰的道路上倒更多的水減少摩擦力.故選B.
10.A.推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,人們認(rèn)為巨石陣也是用類似的冰橇運(yùn)輸?shù)模怯性S多坑的地面和相對(duì)溫和的天氣排除掉這樣的做法.因此推斷研究者認(rèn)為巨石陣不太可能是在結(jié)冰的道路上運(yùn)輸過(guò)來(lái)的.故A選項(xiàng)正確.
11.D.寫作目的題.縱觀全文可知,第一段最后一句是文章的主題句,接下來(lái)的段落主要介紹古代人如何利用結(jié)冰的路面運(yùn)輸巨石,因此寫作目的是告訴我們古代人如何聰明地利用結(jié)冰的路面運(yùn)輸巨石到目的地.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一篇科教類閱讀,題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題,推理判斷題,寫作目的題.做題時(shí)學(xué)生應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀原文,把握文章主要內(nèi)容,聯(lián)系文章上下文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)含義,從中選出正確答案,一定要做到有理有據(jù),切忌胡亂猜測(cè).