Question

Attitude is an internal(內(nèi)在的) state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual(個(gè)人). Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.
The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas-all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired(獲得) throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.
Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.
Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single events, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them. And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification(修正) of attitudes.
小題1:According to the passage, attitudes        .

A．come from different situations in one’s life

B．a(chǎn)re largely affected by one’s behavior

C．remain unchanged in one’s daily life

D．could be chosen according to one’s will

小題2:The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show        .

A．people often make mistakes when they are not noticed

B．people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds

C．particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action

D．a(chǎn)n individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily

小題3:Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?

A．Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.

B．Attitudes learned in danger will last no more.

C．Copying others’ behavior is not a good idea.

D．Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents.

小題4:What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Differences of Attitudes.	B．Nature(本質(zhì)) of Attitude.
C．Choices of Attitudes.	D．Changes of Attitude.

Answer 1

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:B

試題分析：本文敘述了態(tài)度是一種可以影響個(gè)體行為選擇的內(nèi)在狀態(tài)。一些研究者認(rèn)為態(tài)度來(lái)源于信仰和觀念的差異；另一些研究者相信態(tài)度來(lái)自情緒狀態(tài)。在這里，我們把焦點(diǎn)放在態(tài)度對(duì)行為的影響方面，也就是說(shuō)，對(duì)個(gè)體行為的影響。態(tài)度是通過(guò)各種途徑學(xué)習(xí)的，他們可以由偶然事件產(chǎn)生，他們市由模仿他人的行為而來(lái)，就像孩時(shí)通過(guò)觀察父母的行為，學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)待外國(guó)人的態(tài)度。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。These internal states are acquired(獲得) throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.
人的態(tài)度不同來(lái)源于不同的生活，故選A。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。人的不同的情況影響個(gè)人的行為，故選C。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents.主要是從父母那里學(xué)到的，故選D。
小題4:標(biāo)題歸納題�？v觀全文主要敘述了態(tài)度的本質(zhì)，故選B。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：細(xì)節(jié)理解題是閱讀理解題中必考的一種題型，其解題依據(jù)主要在閱讀材料中找。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種題型可以用“重現(xiàn)”的方法來(lái)解答。所謂“重現(xiàn)”，就是指某一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)的同義、反義、上下義、同根詞或原詞在文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。這種方法常用于解答完形填空，但用來(lái)解答閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題也同樣管用。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的重現(xiàn)指的是：正確答案選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)句中的單詞或短語(yǔ)與閱讀材料中的單詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一種重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)系。它同樣可以分為：同義、反義、上下義、同根詞或原詞。