C
Researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through social ties, much like a virus. When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. But the findings might also offer hope.
If friends help make obesity acceptable, then they might also be influential in losing the fat. The researchers note that support groups are already an effective tool in dealing with other socially influenced problems, like alcoholism.
The findings appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. The researchers used information collected from? 12 000 people. It was collected between 1971 and 2003 as part of the Framingham Heart Study.
The information was highly detailed. There was even contact information for close friends of the people in the study.
The researchers examined more than 40 000 social ties. They found that a person’s chances of becoming severely overweight increased by 57% if a friend had become obese.
A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of becoming obese. The risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that.
Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School was a lead investigator in the study. He says there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend.
The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same—sex friendships, a person had a 71% increased risk of becoming obese. Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in a brother. In sisters, it was 67%.
The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in  relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California,San Diego, was the other lead investigator. He says a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of people’s health is tied to their social connections.
Both investigators say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical issue, but a public health problem.
59.What does the underlined sentence in Para. 2 mean?
A.Obesity has a negative influence on a close friend.
B.Friends might also play a part in losing weight.
C.One might have a positive influence on one’s friend.
D.Friends usually don’t follow each other to lose weight.
60.Who is mostly likely to gain weight?
A.A man who has a fat brother.        B.A husband who has a fat wife.
C.A wife who has a fat husband.        D.A woman who a fat female friend.
61.Which of the following statements doesn’t the passage agree with?
A.You are sure to lose weight if you have a skinny friend.
B.If one gains weight, one’s friends are likely to get fat.
C.A person’s health is closely linked with his/her social relationship.
D.Even if the friend lives far away, the influence still remains.
62.The reason why the study involves both family members and friends is that_______
A.researchers fail to find a more different sample
B.researchers have different ideas for family members and friends
C.researchers can meet these people regularly
D.researchers can compare the results
練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

For many years, doctors have been studying the way the brain __1__. We all know that the brain has two sides, the left and right. That right side controls the __2__ and the left side controls our logical thinking. We call the left side the “education” side of the brain __3__ generally, in western countries, people have __4__ this side of the brain more than the right side.
Scientists __5__ that our brain will work much more efficiently if both the right and the left side are developed __6__. In many schools today, teachers try to educate children in such a way that both sides of the brain are __7__. This can be done with logical subjects __8__ maths and science as well as with creative subjects such as art. Albert Einstein, the great scientist, did some of his best work when he was very old. He was interested not only in his work, but also in creative and imaginative __9__. It was because of his many different interests in life that he was able to __10__ the full development of both sides of his brain.
小題1:
A．works
B．thinks
C．improves
D．develops
小題2:
A．smell
B．taste
C．sight
D．senses
小題3:
A．but
B．a(chǎn)nd
C．until
D．if
小題4:
A．studied
B．improved
C．developed
D．liked
小題5:
A．believe
B．doubt
C．understand
D．hope
小題6:
A．equally
B．specially
C．immediately
D．really
小題7:
A．worked
B．used
C．taught
D．thought
小題8:
A．including
B．besides
C．except
D．contained
小題9:
A．efforts
B．plans
C．a(chǎn)ctivities
D．ideas
小題10:
A．follow
B．reach
C．watch
D．prevent

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空


Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework .They say that
it is _51for children to work at home in their free time. _52,they argue that most teachers do not_ 53plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. The result is that pupils have to_54 tasks which they have already done at school.
Recently in Greece many parents_ 55_ about the difficult homework which teachers gave to their children. The parents said that most of the homework was a waste of time ,and they wanted to_56__it. Spain and Turkey are two countries which stopped homework recently .In Denmark ,Germany and several other countries in Europe, teachers cannot set homework at weekends .In Holland, teachers allow pupils to stay at school to do their homework .The children are free to help one another.Similar_57_also exists in some British schools.
Most people agree that homework is not___58.A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and_ 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small,noisy room with the television on.Some parents help their children with their homework.Other parents take no_ 60  at all in their children's homework.
51.A.unnecessary      B. uninteresting      C. unfortunate     D. unimportant
52.A.Nevertheless     B. However           C. Therefore        D. Moreover
53.A.considerably     B. favourably        C. properly         D. pleasantly
54.A.finish           B. repeat            C. attend           D. accomplish
55.A.quarrelled       B. puzzled           C. explored         D. complained
56.A.delay             B. stop             C. block          D. prove
57.A.schedule          B. operation        C. arrangement    D. behaviour
58.A.fair              B. average          C. balanced       D. comparative
59.A.furnished         B. expensive        C. comfortable    D. suitable
60.A.interest          B. curiosity        C. notice         D. Attention

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Today, roller skating is easy and fun．But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin’s work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked to play the violin. Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer.
One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball（化裝舞會(huì)）. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.
　　Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.
　　On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time!
1．The text is mainly about ________.
A．a(chǎn) strange man              B．a(chǎn)n unusual party
C．how roller skating began     D．how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century
2．People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he _________.
　　A．often gave others surprises　　　　　 B．was a gifted musician
C．invented the roller skates　　　　　　D．was full of imagination
3．Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to ________ .
A．impress the party guests　　　　　　B．a(chǎn)rrive at the party sooner
C．test his invention　　　　　　　　　D．show his skill in walking on wheels
4．What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
A．The roller skates needed further improvement. 
B．The party guests took Merlin for a fool.
C．Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.       
D．Merlin got himself into trouble.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空


第二節(jié)：完形填空 (共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36—55各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑
As the drought（干旱） continued to seem to be endless, a small community of mid-west farmers were wondering what to do next. The rain was important not only to keep their crops     36    , but to support the townspeople's way of     37    . Since the problem needed immediate    38    , the local church felt it was time to call a prayer meeting to ask for    39   .
In what seemed an unclear remembrance（紀(jì)念） of a Native American   40    , the people began to arrive. After they were all    41    , the pastor（牧師）on his arrival watched as the townspeople continued to arrive. He slowly    42     his way to the front to officially    43    the meeting.
Everyone was taking the opportunity to     44    with close friends. When the pastor     45     the front, his thoughts were on quieting those     46     and starting the meeting.
47    he began to ask for quiet, his eyes    48     through the crowd and he took     49     of an eleven year-old girl sitting in the front row.
Her face was shining     50     excitement and she     51     sat in her place. Next to her, was a bright red umbrella,    52     for use. The beauty and innocence（純真） of the girl made the pastor smile as he     53     the faith she had. No one     54     at the meeting had brought a/an     55    .
They had all come to pray for rain, but she had come expecting God to answer with the needed rain.       
36.A. wealthy     B. healthy          C. powerful      D. necessary
37.A. work        B. entertainment     C. stay          D. life
38.A. attention          B. solution         C. fiction        D. conservation
39.A. rain          B. help           C. money             D. advice
41.A. covered     B. crowded        C. occupied      D. seated
42.A. found       B. struggled       C. felt           D. made
43.A. end              B. close          C. begin        D. hold
44.A. talk              B. tell            C. say           D. drink
45.A. arrived     B. reached         C. got           D. hurried
46.A. possible     B. patient              C. pure          D. present
47.A. As         B. Until          C. Though        D. Unless
48.A. got         B. went          C. looked             D. saw
49.A. hold         B. sight          C. notice        D. glance
50.A. for         B. with           C. by            D. at
51.A. quietly     B. calmly              C. anxiously     D. worriedly
52.A. eager        B. ready         C. curious         D. awful
53.A. recognized    B. promised       C. realized        D. allowed
54.A. even         B. else            C. still          D. also
55.A. apron       B. raincoat         C. record        D. umbrella

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

.
Why do people work? Of course, you may have asked yourself the same question as why you have to work. “Self-interest” in its broadest sense, including the interests of family and friends, is a basic motivation（動(dòng)力）for work in all societies. But self-interest includes more than providing for living or getting wealth that people usually think. For example, a sense of duty, a feeling of competing, and a pleasure in working are other reasons for working. Studies show that most of Americans would continue to work even if they have had enough money to live comfortably.
When people work, they gain a contributing place in society. The fact that what they receive pay for their work means that what they do is needed by other people and what they are doing is necessary to society. Work can also place people in the larger class of society and provide all kinds of identities (身份) for them. In the United States, it is a cruel public fact that to do nothing is to be nothing and to do little is to be little. Work is commonly seen as the measure of an individual (個(gè)人). 
Some scientists have shown some of the ways that work has effect on our lives. Generally, people who always do their favorite work are more open to new ideas and easier to get along with others, and as parents they pass these characteristics on to their children. Our work then is an important social thing that makes us know who and what we are.
64. Generally, people work for _____.
A. self-interest      B. family       C. earning a living               D. the country
65. In the passage, “what they receive pay for their work” means _____.
A. that the work of the worker is recognized by society
B. what they do is needed by other people
C. that they are a necessary part of the social class
D. That the workers are clever
66. In the last paragraph, we can conclude that the author thinks ____.
A. that work can make the worker rich
B. that work can affect their lives
C. that work can make the worker tired
D. that work can make the worker know the world well
67. The title of the passage is “______”.
A. The Identity and the Work   B. The Work and the Society
C. The Society and Individual   D. The Importance of Work

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers(夢(mèng)游者). People have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, write music, walk through windows, and do murder in their sleep.
In Revere, Masachusctts, a hundred policemen scarched for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours later on a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had got there.
At the University of Lowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting up in the middle of the night and walking three—quarters of a mile to the lowa River. He would take a swim and then go back to his room to bed.
An American expert on sleep claims(聲稱) that he has never seen a sleepwalker. He is said to know more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty—five years he has lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. He says, “Of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers. But none of my sleepers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, I doubt whether I would get many takers(應(yīng)征者).”
Sleepwalking, however, is a scientific reality. It is one of those strange things that sometimes looks quite fantastic(奇特的). Doctors say that sleepwalking is much more common than is generally supposed. Many sleepwalkers do not try to find help and their sleepwalking is never recorded.
52. Generally speaking, sleepwalkers are people who __________.
A. climb on roofs                        B. walk through windows
C. do fantastic things during their sleep      D. walk in a half—awake state
53. It was reported that a boy ________.
A. was found on a strange sofa, telling how he had got there
B. slept in his own room but woke up in a strange room
C. lost his way five hours after he left home  
D. was searched for by policemen when he lost his way
54. There was a college student who got into the habit of ___________.
A. getting up in the middle of the night and walking down to the river
B. walking three—quarters of a mile every day
C. swimming in the lowa River before going to bed       
D. walking about before he went to bed
55. Why do people think sleepwalking is nothing but a fantastic thing which doesn’t have any explanation?
A. It is so common that it needn’t be recorded.     
B. Scientists take no interest in it.
C. Most sleepwalkers do not seek help for their problem. 
D. No records about it have been made.  

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.
So biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the Navy, they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy’s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans.
Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.
Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely
monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption （爆發(fā)） for the first time and that they plan similar studies.
Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures.
The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second—slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope （聽(tīng)診器） does when it carries faint noises from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.
81. The passage is chiefly about ____ .
A. an effort to protect an endangered marine species
B. the civilian use of a military detection system
C. the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weapon
D. a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales
82. The underwater listening system was originally designed ____ .
A. to trace and locate enemy vessels
B. to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptions
C. to study the movement of ocean currents
D. to replace the global radio communications network
83. The deep-sea listening system makes use of ____ .
A. the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under water
B. the capability of sound to travel at high speed
C. the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting sound
D. low-frequency sounds travelling across different layers of water____
84. It can be inferred from the passage that____.
A. new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whales
B. blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening system
C. opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technology
D. military technology has great potential in civilian use
85. Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network?
A. It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.
B. It has been replaced by a more advanced system.
C. It became useless to the military after the cold war.
D. It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

 
第三部分閱讀技能 (共三節(jié)，滿分35分)
閱讀理解（共12小題；每小題2分，滿分24分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
For most people, the word “fashion” means “clothes”. But people may ask the question, “What clothes are in fashion?” And they use the adjective (形容詞) “fashionable” in the same way: “She was wearing a fashionable color.”
But of course there are fashions in many things, not only in clothes. There are fashions in holidays, in restaurants, in films and books. There are even fashions in school subjects, jobs…and in languages.
Fashions change as time goes. If you look at pictures of people or things from the past, you will see that fashions have always changed. An English house of 1750 was different from his grandson in 1860.
Today fashions change very quickly. Some of this is natural. We hear about things much more quickly than in the past. Newspapers, radios, telephones and television send information from one country to another in a few hours.
New fashions mean that people will buy new things, so you see there is money in fashion.
41  From this passage we know that “fashion” means _________.
A  clothes   B  many things    C  most of the popular things    D  everything
42  Which of the following things is fashionable today?
　  A  Surfing on the Internet
B  Having a family dinner on New Year’s Day
C  Learning to sing songs on the radio
D  Doing morning exercises at school.
43  Today fashions change very quickly because _______.
　  A  People read newspapers every day 　
B  radios send information from one country to another
　  C  new things that people like are often shown on TV
　  D  people quickly learn what is happening in the world
44  “There is money in fashion.” means ________.
　  A  clothes are expensive    B  money comes from fashion
　  C  people like new things   D  there are no fashions without money

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案