14.Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to make a profit(利潤(rùn))-that is,they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business.(11)D  Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.(12)C
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning,direction,and control of the operations of a business.(13)E  One is the establishment(制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment,materials and supplies; and accounting.(14)G  The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(監(jiān)管)and guidance by the management in authority.(15)A
A.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.
B.In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.
C.Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals.
D.However,some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.
E.Planning in business management has three main aspects.
F.In the theory of business management,organization has two main aspects.
G.The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

分析 本文主要介紹了一些公司只掙足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)滿足基本的經(jīng)營(yíng)費(fèi)用,通常被稱為非營(yíng)利組織,這些組織主要是非政府服務(wù)提供者來(lái)運(yùn)作.而商業(yè)管理是一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ),是用來(lái)描述業(yè)務(wù)的計(jì)劃、指導(dǎo)和控制的技術(shù).

解答 11-15DCEGA
11.D聯(lián)系下文題.根據(jù)后文Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers可知:被普遍認(rèn)為是非營(yíng)利組織.所以,上文應(yīng)該與其內(nèi)容一致.D項(xiàng):然而,一些公司只掙足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)滿足基本的經(jīng)營(yíng)費(fèi)用.這說(shuō)明它們不賺錢(qián).這與后文內(nèi)容相符.此處however也是關(guān)鍵詞,其前講得是盈利活動(dòng),其后是非盈利公司活動(dòng).故選D.
12.C承上啟下題.前文提到非盈利公司,下文舉例說(shuō)明哪些是非盈利組織.C項(xiàng):Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals.非營(yíng)利組織的例子包括社會(huì)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)和某些醫(yī)院等組織.符合上下文.故選C.
13.E結(jié)構(gòu)分析題.第二段的第一句是總述,接下來(lái)從三方面進(jìn)行分述the techniques of planning(科技規(guī)劃),direction(方向),and control of the operations of a business(控制業(yè)務(wù)的運(yùn)作).按順序先說(shuō)planning.故選E.
14.G細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)上文Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning,direction,and control of the operations of a business.可知"經(jīng)營(yíng)管理計(jì)劃有三個(gè)方面".這里談得是第二方面.下文是The third…(第三方面).故選G.
15.A聯(lián)系上文題.根據(jù)前文可知三個(gè)方面講了兩個(gè)方面了,接下來(lái)是第三個(gè)方面.即control of the operations of a business.故選A.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 完成七選五閱讀時(shí),我們可以從關(guān)聯(lián)詞上查找答案.由于英語(yǔ)的句段之間經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞表示銜接和過(guò)渡,使文章邏輯更清楚和連貫,因此文章中和選項(xiàng)中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的路標(biāo)性信號(hào)詞在選擇答案時(shí)都是很重要的線索.在做題時(shí)可將這三個(gè)層面的線索很好地結(jié)合起來(lái).

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