Question

【題目】閱讀理解。

The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today’s prosperous societies, the distinction has become unclear because so many wants have been turned into needs．A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legal needs for the task．But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want.

In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased．The two main classes are convenience goods and shopping goods．Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought (未被要求的) goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine，for example)should be a specialty goods in the United States.

People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought without enough thinking; someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items.

Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices. quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision．Buying an automobile is often done this way.

Shopping goods fail into two classes：those that are recognized as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles．Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as essentially different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style and fashion will either take precedence(優(yōu)先) over price, or they win not matter at all.

【1】It can be learned from the first paragraph that ________.

A．a(chǎn) writer needs a word processor

B．needs and wants can’t be separated clearly

C．the way to distinguish the products is unimportant

D．a(chǎn) computer is a need rather than a want

【2】The example of wine is used to illustrate that ________.

A．goods are classified differently in different counties

B．the type of a product is determined by its consumers

C．Frenchmen often drink but Americans sometimes do

D．one product may belong to many types

【3】Staples are items that ________.

A．a(chǎn)re convenient to purchase

B．a(chǎn)re purchased without enough thinking

C．people “want but don’t need”

D．people are in constant need of

【4】Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those that ________.

A．consumers don’t care where to buy them

B．consumers spend much time searching for

C．meet similar needs of the consumers

D．can be found in nearly every shop

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】B

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

試題分析：文章介紹在當今物質(zhì)繁榮的社會，需要和想要的東西之間的界限已經(jīng)變得很模糊。商品也分為兩類：一類是大體上被認為是一致的；一類是被認為不一致的。

【1】B 推理判斷題 根據(jù)第一段第二句...the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs.可知，第一段主要是闡述“現(xiàn)在需要和想要不能被清楚地區(qū)分開來，因為有如此多的想要轉(zhuǎn)變成了需要”，故選B。

【2】B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves.可知，商品的類型依賴于購物者如何考慮商品，而不是商品本身的特性。接下來文章就以“wine”為例來說明這個理論，故選B。

【3】D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Such regularly purchased items are called staples.可知，staples指的是人們經(jīng)常購買的商品 ，D正確。

【4】C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中Shopping goods fail into two classes: those that are recognized as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as essentially different include clothing, furniture, and dishes.可知，該句中的item就是指第一句提到的shopping goods，即人們通常都需要的即人們對這類商品有相似的需求，故選C。

【名師點撥】

推理判斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定的推理判斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫或綜合。推理判斷題的題干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等標志性詞語。這種題型主要包括細節(jié)判斷題、態(tài)度觀點推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、文章出處判斷題和猜測想象推斷題。比如第73小題，B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves.可知，商品的類型依賴于購物者如何考慮商品，而不是商品本身的特性。接下來文章就以“wine”為例來說明這個理論，故選B。