The lifelong benefits of teaching children good money habits make it well worth the effort. Children who are not taught these lessons pay the consequences for a life time. Some parents don't teach children about money because they think they shouldn't talk about money, with children, and they don't have the time, or they think they don't have enough money. Parents should take the time to teach children about money regardless of their income and should start when children are young.

Most people have strong feelings and opinions about money, based on childhood experiences and the values and beliefs of their families. Most often, these experiences, values, and beliefs are different for each parent. It is vital（至關(guān)重要的）for the healthy development of children that parents talk about these feelings and opinions and establish a consistent approach to teaching children about money.

Here are some guidelines parents can keep in mind as they begin the financial socialization of their children.

Guide and advise rather than direct and dictate how children's money should be used.

Encourage and praise children rather than criticize and rebuke（指責(zé)）actions taken.

Allow children to learn by mistakes and by successes.

Be consistent while taking children's differences into account.

Include all family members in money management discussions, decision making, and activities as appropriate for their age.

Explain to children what they can and cannot do and the consequences of violating the limits.

As children get older increasingly include them in discussions of limits and consequences. Expect all family members to perform unpaid, routine household chores（家務(wù)）based on their abilities.

Express your desire to have things you can't afford. Children need to know that parents say “no” to themselves, too.

81. List one of the reasons why some parents don't teach children about money. (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)

82. What are most people's strong feelings and opinions about money based on? (No more than 11 words) (3 marks)

83. What should parents let all family members take part in besides activities as appropriate for their age? (No more than 7 words) (2 marks)

84. What does the text mainly tell us? (No more than 7 words) (2 marks)

81. They think they shouldn’t talk about money with children. / They think they don’t have the time. / They think they don’t have enough money. （任一個(gè)均可）（3分）

82. Childhood experiences and the values and beliefs of their families. （3分）

83. Money management discussions and decision making. （2分）

84. Teaching Children Money Habits for Life. （2分）

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

If you don’t have a college degree, you’re at greater risk of developing memory problems or even Alzheimer’s (老年癡呆). Education plays a key role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder, and it's well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive（認(rèn)知的） advantage over those less educated in middle and old age.

       Now, a large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make up for poorer education by frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures.

       “The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive, but we do not clearly understand how and why these effects last so long,” said lead author Margie Lachman, a psychologist. She suggested that higher education may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile (敏捷地).

       But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory. The study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference. “Among individuals with low education, those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a week or more had memory scores similar to people with more education,” said Lachman.

       The study, called Midlife in the United States, assessed 3,343 men and women between the ages of 32 and 84 with an average age of 56 years. Almost 40 percent of the participants had at least a 4-year college degree. The researchers evaluated how the participants performed in two cognitive areas, verbal (言語(yǔ)的)memory and executive function --- brain processes involved in planning, abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility. Participants were given a series of tests, including tests of verbal fluency, word recall, and backward counting.

       As expected, those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did better on the memory tests, but some with lower education also did well, explained Lachman.

       “The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with lower educational achievement, and protect those at greatest risk for memory declines,” said Lachman. “Although we can not rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on more activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity (可塑性), and suggests some degree of personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually active lifestyle.”

What is the text mainly about?

       A. Higher education has a better cognitive advantage.

       B. Better memories result from college degree.

       C. Cognitive activity does good to one’s mind.

       D. Poor education has more risk of memory declines.

According to the result of Margie Lachman’s study, we can conclude that ________.

 A. education is responsible for the lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder

 B. education early in adulthood can be the only route to maintain your memory

 C. those with higher education did better on the memory tests than those with lower education

 D. an intellectually active lifestyle does help to maintain your memory

What do we know about the study called Midlife?

     A. Participants each were given a battery to test their memory.

     B. The average age of the participants are 56 years old.

     C. Participants had to perform in one of the two cognitive areas.

     D. One in four of the participants had a 4-year college degree.

Why are the findings of the Lachman’s study promising?

     A. The lower educated may have the same opportunities to keep up memory.

     B. We may have ways to cure the people who have memory declines.

     C. Adopting a different lifestyle can control cognitive functioning.

     D. We can find out the possibility to have better memories.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013屆北大附中河南分校高考押題英語(yǔ)卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

Kids in the Kitchen
Some experts serve up some of the factors that make cooking with kids a pleasure rather than a struggle．
【小題1】  ．
For obvious reasons, a grown-up needs to be in charge of the stove, sharp knives and electrical equipment．Dr．Colker advises parents to be watchful, even when their kids are involved in relatively safe tasks．The bottom line is to stay close by, and teach your kids to respect basic safety rules．                                                                
Leave Time
【小題2】  When kids help, you’ll need extra time to teach them some skills．When you're in a hurry, give your kids tasks that don't require much guidance．As they get older and develop more skills, they will become wonderful helpers and even save your time!                                                                                           
Go for Variety                                                                                    
Our experts agree that children can enjoy more than the usual "kid food", such as chicken nuggets and pizza．【小題3】  Sandra K. Nissenberg suggests exploring the produce passage in the supermarket and talking about the unusual fruits and vegetables you find．
Involve Kids in Clean-up and Table-setting
Dr．Laura Colker reminds parents that preschoolers are eager to deal with grown-up tasks．They actually "enjoy the clean-up and table-setting activities", she says．【小題4】
They may also enjoy setting the table and counting the spoons．
Make Cooking a Learning Adventure
Cooking helps kids develop a healthy interest in the lifelong challenge of eating nourishing （有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的） , delicious meals．Kids learn about science when they heat or cool a mixture and observe how it changes． 【小題5】  And as they wait for the timer to ring, they develop a better understanding of the concept of time．

A．Most young children can easily handle simple kitchen equipment．
B．Cooking with young children requires patience．
C．Measuring ingredients teaches kids about fractions （分?jǐn)?shù)）．
D．Kids can and should help wash and dry the pots and pans．
E．Keep an Eye on Safety
F．Stay Equipped
G．To introduce new foods, involve your kids in menu planning and shopping.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：浙江省五校2010屆高三下學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試卷 題型：閱讀理解


E
If you don’t have a college degree, you’re at greater risk of developing memory problems or even Alzheimer’s （老年癡呆）．Education plays a key role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder, and it's well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive（認(rèn)知的） advantage over their less educated counterparts in middle and old age．
Now, a large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make up for poorer education by frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures．
“The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive, but we do not clearly understand how and why these effects last so long,” said lead author Margie Lachman, a psychologist．She suggested that higher education may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile （敏捷地）．
But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory．The study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference．“Among individuals with low education, those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a week or more had memory scores similar to people with more education,” said Lachman．
The study, called Midlife in the United States, assessed 3,343 men and women between the ages of 32 and 84 with a mean age of 56 years．Almost 40 percent of the participants had at least a 4-year college degree．The researchers evaluated how the participants performed in two cognitive areas, verbal memory and executive function --- brain processes involved in planning, abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility．Participants were given a battery of tests, including tests of verbal fluency, word recall, and backward counting．
As expected, those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did better on the memory tests, but some with lower education also did well, explained Lachman．
“The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with lower educational achievement, and protect those at greatest risk for memory declines,” said Lachman．“Although we can not rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on more activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity （可塑性）, and suggests some degree of personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually active lifestyle．”
57．What is the text mainly about?
A．Higher education has a better cognitive advantage．
B．Better memories result from college degree．
C．Cognitive activity does a mind good．
D．Poor education has more risk of memory declines．
58．According to the result of Margie Lachman’s study, we can conclude that ________．
A．education is responsible for the lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder
B．education early in adulthood can be the only route to maintain your memory
C．those with higher education did better on the memory tests than those with lower education
D．a(chǎn)n intellectually active lifestyle does help to maintain your memory
59．What do we know about the study called Midlife?
A．Participants each were given a battery to test their memory．
B．The average age of the participants are 56 years old．
C．Participants had to perform in one of the two cognitive areas．
D．One in four of the participants had a 4-year college degree．
60．Why are the findings of the Lachman’s study promising?
A．The lower educated may have the same opportunities to keep up memory．
B．We may have ways to cure the people who have memory declines．
C．Adopting a different lifestyle can control over cognitive functioning．
D．We can find out the possibility to have better memories．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011屆江蘇省揚(yáng)州中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)測(cè)試英語(yǔ)卷 題型：閱讀理解

If you don’t have a college degree, you’re at greater risk of developing memory problems or even Alzheimer’s (老年癡呆). Education plays a key role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder, and it's well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive（認(rèn)知的） advantage over those less educated in middle and old age.
Now, a large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make up for poorer education by frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures.
“The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive, but we do not clearly understand how and why these effects last so long,” said lead author Margie Lachman, a psychologist. She suggested that higher education may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile (敏捷地).
But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory. The study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference. “Among individuals with low education, those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a week or more had memory scores similar to people with more education,” said Lachman.
The study, called Midlife in the United States, assessed 3,343 men and women between the ages of 32 and 84 with an average age of 56 years. Almost 40 percent of the participants had at least a 4-year college degree. The researchers evaluated how the participants performed in two cognitive areas, verbal (言語(yǔ)的)memory and executive function --- brain processes involved in planning, abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility. Participants were given a series of tests, including tests of verbal fluency, word recall, and backward counting.
As expected, those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did better on the memory tests, but some with lower education also did well, explained Lachman.
“The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with lower educational achievement, and protect those at greatest risk for memory declines,” said Lachman. “Although we can not rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on more activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity (可塑性), and suggests some degree of personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually active lifestyle.”
【小題1】 What is the text mainly about?

A．Higher education has a better cognitive advantage.
B．Better memories result from college degree.
C．Cognitive activity does good to one’s mind.
D．Poor education has more risk of memory declines.
【小題2】According to the result of Margie Lachman’s study, we can conclude that ________.
A．education is responsible for the lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder
B．education early in adulthood can be the only route to maintain your memory
C．those with higher education did better on the memory tests than those with lower education
D．a(chǎn)n intellectually active lifestyle does help to maintain your memory
【小題3】 What do we know about the study called Midlife?
A．Participants each were given a battery to test their memory.
B．The average age of the participants are 56 years old.
C．Participants had to perform in one of the two cognitive areas.
D．One in four of the participants had a 4-year college degree.
【小題4】Why are the findings of the Lachman’s study promising?
A．The lower educated may have the same opportunities to keep up memory.
B．We may have ways to cure the people who have memory declines.
C．Adopting a different lifestyle can control cognitive functioning.
D．We can find out the possibility to have better memories.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2012-2013學(xué)年北大附中河南分校高考押題英語(yǔ)卷（解析版） 題型：填空題

Kids in the Kitchen

Some experts serve up some of the factors that make cooking with kids a pleasure rather than a struggle．

1.  ．

For obvious reasons, a grown-up needs to be in charge of the stove, sharp knives and electrical equipment．Dr．Colker advises parents to be watchful, even when their kids are involved in relatively safe tasks．The bottom line is to stay close by, and teach your kids to respect basic safety rules．                                                                

Leave Time

2.  When kids help, you’ll need extra time to teach them some skills．When you're in a hurry, give your kids tasks that don't require much guidance．As they get older and develop more skills, they will become wonderful helpers and even save your time!                                                                                           

Go for Variety                                                                                    

Our experts agree that children can enjoy more than the usual "kid food", such as chicken nuggets and pizza．3.  Sandra K. Nissenberg suggests exploring the produce passage in the supermarket and talking about the unusual fruits and vegetables you find．

Involve Kids in Clean-up and Table-setting

Dr．Laura Colker reminds parents that preschoolers are eager to deal with grown-up tasks．They actually "enjoy the clean-up and table-setting activities", she says．4.

They may also enjoy setting the table and counting the spoons．

Make Cooking a Learning Adventure

Cooking helps kids develop a healthy interest in the lifelong challenge of eating nourishing （有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的） , delicious meals．Kids learn about science when they heat or cool a mixture and observe how it changes． 5.  And as they wait for the timer to ring, they develop a better understanding of the concept of time．

A．Most young children can easily handle simple kitchen equipment．

B．Cooking with young children requires patience．

C．Measuring ingredients teaches kids about fractions （分?jǐn)?shù)）．

D．Kids can and should help wash and dry the pots and pans．

E．Keep an Eye on Safety

F．Stay Equipped

G．To introduce new foods, involve your kids in menu planning and shopping.

 

查看答案和解析>>

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