19.Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with you.According to the ancient Greeks,there are three basic tools of persuasion:ethos,pathos,and logos.
Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience that she is trustworthy,honest and reliable.One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field.After all,you're more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that she is a good person.If an audience cannot trust you,you will not be able to persuade them.
Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions.For example,a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war.These words are intended to fill the audience with fear,thus making them support him.Similarly,an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats,to make the viewers feel pity.If the audience feels bad for the animals,they will be more likely to donate money.
Logos is the use of facts,statistics,or other evidence to support your argument.An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims.Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying"believe me".
Although ethos,pathos,and logos all have their strengths,they are often most effective when used together.Indeed,most speakers use a combination of ethos,pathos,and logos to persuade their audiences.So,the next time you listen to a speech,watch a commercial,or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money,be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.

32.Why does the author say persuasion is an art?B
A.They both entertain the audience.
B.They both require great skill to achieve.
C.They both demand full attention from the audience.
D.They were both common topics of ancient Greek writers.
33.How is a speaker able to show her ethos to the audience?D
A.By expressing her sympathy with the audience.
B.By telling the audience about her personal preference.
C.By using beautiful language to make her statements attractive.
D.By showing her knowledge and experience relating to the topic.
34.What can we learn about the three aspects of persuasion?B
A.Ethos is the most important aspect of persuasion.
B.Each aspect has a different effect on the audience.
C.Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable.
D.Political leaders mostly use pathos to persuade their audience.
35.An advertisement for washing powder which claims that M scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all bacteria"is mainly usingC.
A.ethos       B.pathos       C.logos       D.a(chǎn) combination of all three.

分析 文章首先說(shuō)勸服是一種讓別人相信認(rèn)同你的藝術(shù),然后具體介紹了古希臘提出三種基本工具的用法和對(duì)觀(guān)眾產(chǎn)生的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是勸服的技巧性.

解答 32.B   33.D    34.B   35.C
32.B 主旨大意題.文章首先說(shuō)勸服是一種讓別人相信認(rèn)同你的藝術(shù),然后具體介紹了古希臘提出三種基本工具的用法和對(duì)觀(guān)眾產(chǎn)生的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是勸服的技巧性,所以說(shuō)勸服是一門(mén)藝術(shù).B項(xiàng)意為"它們都要求很高的技巧性",符合題意.故正確答案為B.
33.D  細(xì)節(jié)理解題. 根據(jù)第二段第二句 One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field 可知,演講者可以通過(guò)解釋她在該領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)驗(yàn)或者教育程度來(lái)展現(xiàn)她的氣質(zhì).D項(xiàng)符合題意. 故正確答案為D.
34.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.文章介紹了 persuasion 的三個(gè)基本工具也就是 ethos,pathos 和 logos,并分別說(shuō)明了每個(gè)工具的作用以及具體的使用方法.B項(xiàng)意為"每個(gè)方面都能對(duì)觀(guān)眾產(chǎn)生不同的影響",符合題意.A項(xiàng),"Ethos 是說(shuō)服最重要的一個(gè)方面".文中僅僅介紹了三個(gè)方面的不同作用,并沒(méi)提及哪個(gè)更為重要,A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤.C項(xiàng),"坦誠(chéng)是使你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)增強(qiáng)可信度的關(guān)鍵".文中提到 persuasion 的三個(gè)工具均能提高觀(guān)點(diǎn)的可信度,并沒(méi)有提及坦誠(chéng),C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤.D項(xiàng),"政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)最常使用 pathos 來(lái)勸服他們的觀(guān)眾".根據(jù)最后一段第二句 Indeed,most speakers use a combination of ethos,pathos,and logos to persuade their audiences 可知,雖然每種工具的作用不同,但是演講者通;旌鲜褂眠@三種,而非僅僅使用 pathos,D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤.故正確答案為B.
35.C 推理判斷題.根據(jù)第四段第一句 Logos is the use of facts,statistics,or other evidence to support your argument 可知,logos 通過(guò)使用事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)以及其他證據(jù)來(lái)支持你的觀(guān)點(diǎn),而題目中提到的通過(guò)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)表明洗衣粉的殺菌能力達(dá)到95%,使用的是 logos 這種工具.故正確答案為C.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 做閱讀時(shí)經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò)的主要原因是,僅憑讀過(guò)文章后殘留在腦海中的一絲印象來(lái)勾選答案,這樣便很容易掉入出題人故意設(shè)布下的題目陷阱.所謂閱讀理解,對(duì)于題目的理解一定要忠實(shí)于原文,因此,每一道題都應(yīng)該與原文作全面的對(duì)比與核查,再得出答案.也就是說(shuō),閱讀理解的每一道題目,在原文都應(yīng)該有明確的出處,我們把這一出處叫做原文相關(guān)句,(1)排除與原文相關(guān)句主題不一致的選項(xiàng)(2)排除與原文相關(guān)句態(tài)度相反的選項(xiàng) (3)排除用于過(guò)于極端或負(fù)面的選項(xiàng)(4)注意結(jié)合文章主旨和主題去排除.

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