Question

20．Reading to oneself is a modern activity that was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval（中世紀(jì)的）worlds，while during the fifteenth century the term"reading"undoubtedly meant reading aloud．Only during nineteenth century did silent reading become common-place．
One should be careful，however，of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others．Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character．
The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy，and thus in the number of readers．As readers increased，so the number of potential listeners declined，and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud．As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common，so came the flourishing（繁榮） of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries，railway carriages and offices，where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers．
Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully，and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening．Indeed this argument remains with us still in education．However，whatever its virtues，the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals（期刊）for a specialized readership on the other．
By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate，if not impossible，for the oral reader．The social，cultural，and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term"reading"implied．

81．Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century？Few people could read for themselves
82．The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicates thata change in the nature of reading．
83．People are still arguing about the value ofthe value of different types of reading material．
84．What's the writer's purpose in writing this passage？To explain hoe present-day reading habits developed．．

Answer 1

分析 本文主要介紹了默讀在歷史上的發(fā)展演變過程，突出了它產(chǎn)生的原因和背景．第一段是總述，指出默讀是一種幾乎不為古代學(xué)者所知的現(xiàn)代行為．中世紀(jì)時期閱讀是指大聲朗讀，一直到19世紀(jì)默讀才比較流行．文中介紹了上個世紀(jì)閱讀的發(fā)展，以及20世紀(jì)末期閱讀發(fā)展成為默讀．

解答 81．Few people could read for themselves．
82．a(chǎn) change in the nature of reading
83．the value of different types of reading material
84．To explain hoe present-day reading habits developed．
81．Few people could read for themselves．細(xì)節(jié)題，由第一段第一、二行Reading to oneself is modern activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history可知因為很少的人是為自己而讀的．
82．a(chǎn) change in the nature of reading細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character．表明了讀的一個變化，
83．the value of different types of reading material細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully，and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening．不同的閱讀材料的價值
84．To explain hoe present-day reading habits developed．主旨大意題．  通讀全文可知本文主要介紹了默讀在歷史上的發(fā)展演變過程，突出了它產(chǎn)生的原因和背景．第一段是總述，指出默讀是一種幾乎不為古代學(xué)者所知的現(xiàn)代行為．中世紀(jì)時期閱讀是指大聲朗讀，一直到19世紀(jì)默讀才比較流行．文中介紹了上個世紀(jì)閱讀的發(fā)展，以及20世紀(jì)末期閱讀發(fā)展成為默讀．

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