1．New crime predicton software should reduce not only the murder rate，but the rate of other crimes．Developed by Richard Berk，a professor at the University of Pennsylvania，the software has already used in Baltimore and Philadelphia to predict which individuals on probation（緩刑） or parole（假釋） are most likely to murder and to be murdered．
"When a person goes on probation or parole he is supervised（監(jiān)督） by an officer．The question is‘what level of supervision is appropriate？'"said Berk．It used to be that parole officers used the person's criminal record，and their judgment to make decisions．
"This research replaces those seat-of-pants calculations，"he said．
Technology helps determine level of supervision．On average there is one murder for every 100，000people．Even among high-risk groups the murder rate is one in 100．Predicting such a rare event is very difficult，but advances in computer technology orks．
Years ago，the researchers made a dataset of more than 60，000various crimes．Using the software they developed，they found some much more likely to commit murder when paroled or probated．They could identify eight future murderers out of 100．
Berk's software examines roughly two dozen variables（可變因素），from criminal record to geographic location．The type of crimes，and more importantly，the age at which that crime was committedwere two of the most predictive variables．
"People assume that if someone murdered then they will murder in the future，"said Berk．"What really matters is what that person did as a young individual．Predicting future crimes sounds well．But we aren't anywhere near being able to do that．"
"Berk's scientific answer leaves policymakers with difficult questions．By labeling one group of people as high risk，and supervise them closely，there should be fewer murders，which the potential victims should be happy about．It also means that those high-risk individuals will be supervised more aggressively．For human rights advocates，that means punishing people who，most likely，will not commit a crime in the future，"said Bushway．"It comes down to a question of whether you would rather make these errors or those errors．"
25．The underlined words（in Para.3）probably meanA．
A．calculations based on subjective opinions
B．calculations based on widespread voting
C．calculations made by advanced technology
D．calculations based on serious considering
26．For 650people with crime records，how many potential murderers would the software find？C
A.65．B.13．C.52．D.65．
27．From Para 7，we can infer thatB．
A．the technology developed by Richard Berk will soon be widely used in the US
B．the technology would not be widely accepted in the short term
C．whether a person murders or not largely decidd by his upbringing while young
D．if a person murdered when he was fifty，he is sure to murder again while on probation
28．Which would be the best title for the passage？D
A．Closely Supervise Potential Murders
B．Measures Taken to Prevent Criminal Behavior
C．Technology Revolutionizes Judges'Way of Working
D．Software is Developed to Predict Criminal Behavior．

分析 文章全篇介紹了預(yù)測犯罪行為軟件的開發(fā)是把雙刃劍，雖然可以提高對高危人群發(fā)生犯罪行為預(yù)測的精準(zhǔn)度，預(yù)防犯罪行為發(fā)生，但也會(huì)給那些不會(huì)再發(fā)生犯罪行為的人帶來不必要的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控，使他們的權(quán)益受到損害．

解答 25-28 ACBD
25  A 推理題：劃線部分"seat-of-the-pants calculations"可用上一段中"It used to be that parole officers used the person's criminal record，and their judgment to make decisions"解釋，指的是過去假釋官根據(jù)一個(gè)人的犯罪記錄和自己的判斷來做決定，可知假釋官的主觀因素很大． A 項(xiàng)符合原句意． 故選 A．
26  C  細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)文章第四段中"They could identify eight future murderers out of 100"他們將來可以確定 100 個(gè)人中有 8 個(gè)殺人犯，因此 650 個(gè)人中會(huì)有 52 個(gè)罪犯． 故選 C．
27  B  推理題：根據(jù)第七段最后一句"But we aren't anywhere near being able to do that．"但我們現(xiàn)在還做不到，可知這項(xiàng)技術(shù)短時(shí)間內(nèi)還不能被廣泛接受． 故選 B．
28  D  主旨題：閱讀全文可知是在討論 預(yù)測犯罪行為軟件的開發(fā)．故選 D

點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

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