Do people ever consider the possibility that, if they’re exposed to increased reports about a social problem, it’s the reporting that has increased rather than the problem? It’s increasingly clear that this is the case with school bullying（欺凌）：Only news reports about it have increased, not the behavior itself. In fact, both bullying and fear of it are down among US middle school students
The rate of students who reported fearing an attack or harm at school at all has dropped dramatically, from nearly 12% in 1995 to less than 4% in 2011. For black and Hispanic students, it’s an even more encouraging shift—from more than 20% of both groups of students worried about being attacked at school to less than 5% in 2011.
The decline in actual physical violence in schools is even more dramatic: It was down 74% between 1992 and 2010, according to the latest US Department of Justice data.
What about cyberbullying? Online harassment increased from 6% in 2000 to 9% in 2005 to 11% in 2010 between, and it’s interesting to note that it increased less between 2005 and ’10 than in the first 5 years tracked. Because social media is very much a reflection of school social life for young people, the peer aggression seen in social media is a lot like the peer aggression seen on school bathroom walls. So once it finds its “dead level,” it will probably decline in the same way verbal and written aggression have.
Besides education and crime prevention at the social level, medicine treatment and better access to mental healthcare also contribute to this downward trend in victimization of self and others.
The rise of social media is what people don’t typically think of as a positive force in society. But Finkelhor, director of the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire says, “These technologies might have prevented crime and bullying by providing more ways of help, more forms of social supervision, and interesting activities that destroy forms of alienation(異化) that lead to crime”.
小題1:From the first paragraph we learn that __________.
A．school bullying has increased because of increased reports
B．school bullying has decreased because of increased reports
C．the number of reports on school bullying has increased
D．the number of reports on school bullying has decreased
小題2:The underlined word is closest in meaning to "_________".
A．crimeB．a(chǎn)ggressionC．surfingD．communication
小題3:The cyberbullying is still increasing probably because ________.
A．it isn't as easy to control as the other school bullying
B．it hasn't been concerned by the governments
C．it isn't part of school social life
D．it hasn't come to its top level
小題4:Finkelhor believes that social media have a ________ influence on the falling trend of school bullying.
A．positiveB．negativeC．majorD．slight

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:D
小題4:A

試題分析：
學(xué)校里面發(fā)生“欺凌”事件的比例在下降，除了教育和預(yù)防措施外，醫(yī)學(xué)治療及心理干預(yù)也是重要原因。至于網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)生的“欺凌”事件還在增長(zhǎng)，是因?yàn)槠浒l(fā)生率還沒(méi)有達(dá)到峰值。但增長(zhǎng)率在降低。更有論者認(rèn)為，網(wǎng)絡(luò)社交媒體對(duì)于減少“欺凌”事件具有積極作用。
小題1:由第一段Only news reports about it have increased, not the behavior itself 一句可知，學(xué)校欺凌事件本身并未增加，只是欺凌事件的報(bào)道多了起來(lái)。故選擇C項(xiàng)。
小題2:第四段說(shuō)的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌。欺凌還不能算是犯罪，排除A項(xiàng)。但欺凌是一種“侵犯”。aggression: 冒犯、侵犯。故選擇B項(xiàng)。
小題3:從第四段So once it finds its “dead level,” it will probably decline in the same way verbal and written aggression have.一句可知，社交媒體是現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)的反映，一旦網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌事件達(dá)到峰值（dead level）極有可能會(huì)減少。故選擇D項(xiàng)。
小題4:由最后一段Finkelhor 的話（These technologies might have prevented crime and bullying by providing more ways of help, more forms of social supervision, and interesting activities …）可知，F(xiàn)inkelhor認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)等現(xiàn)代技術(shù)可預(yù)防犯罪和欺凌，原因在于其提供了更多救助方法、更多社會(huì)監(jiān)管以及有趣的活動(dòng)。故A項(xiàng)正確。
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B．By measuring the thickness of clouds over Venus.
C．By calculating the microwave bouncing off Venus’s surface.
D．By orbiting Venus for 4 years in a spacecraft.
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A．Warm lava on Venus
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